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Antidepressant evaluation of Andrographis paniculata Nees extract and andrographolide in chronic unpredictable stress zebrafish model

Aldurrah Z, Mohd Kauli FS, Abdul Rahim N, Zainal Z, Afzan A, Al Zarzour RH, et al.

Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 2023 Sep;271:109678.
PMID: 37301417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109678

Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) showed an anti-depressive effect in rodent models. Zebrafish has recently emerged as a worthy complementary translational model for antidepressant drug discovery study. This study investigates the anti-depressive effect of A. paniculata extract and andrographolide in the chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)- zebrafish model. Four groups of zebrafish (n = 10/group), i.e. control, CUS (stressed, untreated), CUS + A. paniculata (100 mg/L) and CUS + fluoxetine (0.01 mg/L) were assessed in open-field and social interaction tests, 24 h after treatment. After extract screening, behavioural and cortisol analysis of andrographolide (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were evaluated. Before the behavioural study, acute toxicity and characterization of A. paniculata extract using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS were performed. A significant reduction in freezing duration was found in A. paniculata- (t-test, p = 0.0234) and fluoxetine-treated groups (t-test, p

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis*
Fulltext Anticorrosive and Microbial Inhibition Performance of a Coating Loaded with Andrographis paniculata on Stainless Steel in Seawater

Kamaruzzaman WMIWM, Fekeri MFM, Nasir NAM, Hamidi NASM, Baharom MZ, Adnan A, et al.

Molecules, 2021 Jun 03;26(11).
PMID: 34205014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113379

With the trend for green technology, the study focused on utilizing a forgotten herb to produce an eco-friendly coating. Andrographis paniculata or the kalmegh leaves extract (KLE) has been investigated for its abilities in retarding the corrosion process due to its excellent anti-oxidative and antimicrobial properties. Here, KLE was employed as a novel additive in coatings and formulations were made by varying its wt%: 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12. These were applied to stainless steel 316L immersed in seawater for up to 50 days. The samples were characterized and analyzed to measure effectiveness of inhibition of corrosion and microbial growth. The best concentration was revealed to be 6 wt% KLE; it exhibited the highest performance in improving the ionic resistance of the coating and reducing the growth of bacteria.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis/chemistry*
Fulltext Evaluation of the merit of the methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata to supplement anti-snake venom in reversing secondary hemostatic abnormalities induced by Naja naja venom

Nayak AG, Kumar N, Shenoy S, Roche M

3 Biotech, 2021 May;11(5):228.
PMID: 33959471 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02766-z

Increasing evidence suggests a sizable involvement of hemotoxins in the morbidity associated with envenomation by the Indian spectacled cobra, Naja naja (N.N). This study investigates the ability of Indian polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV), methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (MAP) and their combination in reversing the hemostatic abnormalities, viz. activated partial thromboplastin time(aPTT), prothrombin time(PT) and thrombin time(TT) in citrated plasma. These parameters were assessed in 2 groups of experiments. Group 1: Without the prior incubation of plasma with venom and Group 2: With prior incubation of plasma with venom for 90 min at 37°C. Venom caused significant (p

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis
Fulltext A review on extraction techniques and therapeutic value of polar bioactives from Asian medicinal herbs: Case study on Orthosiphon aristatus, Eurycoma longifolia and Andrographis paniculata

Abd Aziz NA, Hasham R, Sarmidi MR, Suhaimi SH, Idris MKH

Saudi Pharm J, 2021 Feb;29(2):143-165.
PMID: 33679177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.016

Medicinal plants have gained much interest in the prevention and treatment of common human disease such as cold and fever, hypertension and postpartum. Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants were synthesised using effective extraction methods which have important roles in the pharmaceutical product development. Orthosiphon aristatus (OA), Eurycoma longifolia (EL) and Andrographis paniculata (AP) are among popular medicinal herbs in Southeast Asia. The major compounds for these medicinal plants are polar bioactive compounds (rosmarinic acid, eurycomanone and andrographolide) which have multiple benefits to human health. The bioactive compounds are used as a drug to function against a variety of diseases with the support of scientific evidence. This paper was intended to prepare a complete review about the extraction techniques (e.g. OA, EL and AP) of these medicinal plants based on existing studies and scientific works. Suitable solvents and techniques to obtain their major bioactive compounds and their therapeutic potentials were discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis
Fulltext Estimation of Andrographolides and Gradation of Andrographis paniculata Leaves Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy Together With Support Vector Machine

Sing D, Banerjee S, Jana SN, Mallik R, Dastidar SG, Majumdar K, et al.

Front Pharmacol, 2021;12:629833.
PMID: 34025404 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.629833

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F) Nees, has been widely used for upper respiratory tract and several other diseases and general immunity for a historically long time in countries like India, China, Thailand, Japan, and Malaysia. The vegetative productivity and quality with respect to pharmaceutical properties of Andrographis paniculata varies considerably across production, ecologies, and genotypes. Thus, a field deployable instrument, which can quickly assess the quality of the plant material with minimal processing, would be of great use to the medicinal plant industry by reducing waste, and quality grading and assurance. In this paper, the potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) was to estimate the major group active molecules, the andrographolides in Andrographis paniculata, from dried leaf samples and leaf methanol extracts and grade the plant samples from different sources. The calibration model was developed first on the NIR spectra obtained from the methanol extracts of the samples as a proof of concept and then the raw ground samples were estimated for gradation. To grade the samples into three classes: good, medium and poor, a model based on a machine learning algorithm - support vector machine (SVM) on NIR spectra was built. The tenfold classification results of the model had an accuracy of 83% using standard normal variate (SNV) preprocessing.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis
Fulltext Anti-snake venom and methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata: a multipronged strategy to neutralize Naja naja venom acetylcholinesterase and hyaluronidase

Nayak AG, Kumar N, Shenoy S, Roche M

3 Biotech, 2020 Nov;10(11):476.
PMID: 33083200 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02462-4

The study investigates the ability of methanolic extract of Andrographis paniculata (MAP) to supplement polyvalent anti-snake venom (ASV) in inhibiting neurotoxic enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 'spreading factor' hyaluronidase from Naja naja (N.N) venom. AChE and hyaluronidase activity were measured in 100 or 200 µg of crude venom, respectively, and designated as 'control'. In Test Group I, enzyme assays were performed immediately after the addition of ASV/MAP/ASV + MAP to the venom. Inhibition of AChE by ASV (100-367 µg) was 12-17%, and of hyaluronidase (22-660 µg) was 33-41%. Under the same conditions, MAP (100-400 µg) inhibited AChE and hyaluronidase to the extent of 17-33% and 17-52%, respectively. When ASV (220 µg) and MAP (100-200 µg) were added together, AChE and hyaluronidase were inhibited to a greater extent from 39-63 to 36-44%, than when either of them was used alone. In Test Group 2, the venom was incubated with ASV/MAP/ASV + MAP for 10-30 min at 37 °C prior to the assay which enhanced AChE inhibition by 6%, 82% and 18% respectively, when compared to Test Group I. Though there was no change in inhibition of hyaluronidase in the presence of ASV, MAP could further increase the extent of inhibition by 27% and ASV + MAP upto 4%. In Test Group III, venom and substrate were incubated for 90 min and hyaluronidase activity was measured after the addition of inhibitors. Here, ASV + MAP caused increased inhibition by 69% compared to ASV alone. The study confirms the ability of phytochemicals in MAP to contribute to a multipronged strategy by supplementing, thereby augmenting the efficacy of ASV.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis
Fulltext Metabolite profiling of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees. young and mature leaves at different harvest ages using 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach

Tajidin NE, Shaari K, Maulidiani M, Salleh NS, Ketaren BR, Mohamad M

Sci Rep, 2019 11 14;9(1):16766.
PMID: 31727911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52905-z

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees. is considered as the herb of the future due to its precious chemical compounds, andrographolide (ANDRO), neoandrographolide (NAG) and 14-deoxyandrographolide (DAG). This study aims to profile the metabolites in young and mature leaf at six different harvest ages using 1HNMR-based metabolomics combined with multivariate data analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated noticeable and clear discrimination between young and mature leaves. A comparison of the leaves stage indicated that young leaves were separated from mature leaves due to its larger quantity of ANDRO, NAG, DAG, glucose and sucrose. These similar metabolites are also responsible for the PCA separation into five clusters representing the harvest age at 14, 16, 18, 20, 22 weeks of leaves extract. Loading plots revealed that most of the ANDRO and NAG signals were present when the plant reached at the pre-flowering stage or 18 weeks after sowing (WAS). As a conclusion, A. paniculata young leaves at pre-flowering harvest age were found to be richer in ANDRO, NAG and DAG compared to mature leaves while glucose and choline increased with harvest age. Therefore, young leaves of A. paniculata should be harvested at 18 WAS in order to produce superior quality plant extracts for further applications by the herbal, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis/anatomy & histology*; Andrographis/chemistry
Anti-malarial and cytokine-modulating effects of andrographolide in a murine model of malarial infection

Hassan WRM, Basir R, Ali AH, Embi N, Sidek HM

Trop Biomed, 2019 Sep 01;36(3):776-791.
PMID: 33597499

Malarial pathogenesis involves among others, uncontrolled or excessive cytokine production arising from dysregulated immune responses mounted by the host to eliminate the plasmodial parasite. The ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase, glycogen synthase kinase3β (GSK3β) is a crucial regulator of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine productions in the inflammatory response to pathogenic infections. Andrographolide, a bioactive compound in Andrographis paniculata, displays GSK3- inhibitory effects. A previous study elsewhere has shown that this compound has antimalarial activity but the molecular basis of its action is yet to be elucidated. Here we aimed to study the anti-malarial activity of andrographolide in a murine model of malarial infection to investigate whether its mechanism of action involves cytokine modulation and inhibition of GSK3β. Andrographolide showed strong and selective anti-plasmodial activity (IC50 = 13.70±0.71 µM; SI = 30.43) when tested against cultures of P. falciparum 3D7. Intraperitoneal administration of andrographolide (5 mg/kg body weight (bw)) into P. berghei NK65-infected ICR mice resulted in chemo-suppression of 60.17±2.12%, and significantly (P<0.05) improved median survival time of infected mice compared to nontreated control. In addition, andrographolide treatment significantly (P<0.05) decreased the level of serum pro-inflammatory cytokine, IFN-γ (1.4-fold) whilst the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and IL-4 were increased 2.3- and 2.6-fold respectively. Western blot analyses revealed that andrographolide treatment of P. berghei NK65-infected mice resulted in an increased level of phosphorylated GSK3β (Ser9) in liver of infected mice. Andrographolide administration also decreased the levels of phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (Ser536) and phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) in liver of malaria- infected animals. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the cytokine-modulating effect of andrographolide in experimental malarial infection involves at least in part inhibition of NF-κB activation as a consequence of GSK3β inhibition. Based on its cytokine-modulating effects, andrographolide is thus a plausible candidate for adjunctive therapy in malaria subject to clinical evaluations.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis/chemistry
Fulltext Andrographolide is an Alternative Treatment to Overcome Resistance in ER-Positive Breast Cancer via Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway

Rajaratinam H, Nafi SNM

Malays J Med Sci, 2019 Sep;26(5):6-20.
PMID: 31728115 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.5.2

Oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer is one of the common forms of breast cancer affecting women worldwide. ER-positive breast cancer patients are subjected to anti-oestrogen therapy such as selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). Recently, the emergence of resistance to anti-oestrogen treatment is under intensive focus. The different mechanisms postulated to explain the occurrence of resistance in ER-positive breast cancer treatment include the loss of ER function and the crosstalk between signalling pathways in cancer cells. Recent literature highlighted that the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway acts as a novel mechanism underlying resistance to oestrogen deprivation. The present study aimed to highlight the role of cholesterol biosynthesis in anti-oestrogen treatment resistance, putatively suggesting an alternative plant-based treatment using andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata. The hypolipidaemic effect of andrographolide can be utilised to prevent the resistance in the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer contributed by cholesterol biosynthesis.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis
A standardised Andrographis paniculata Burm. Nees aqueous extract prevents Lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive deficits through suppression of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress mediators

Sani D, Khatab NIO, Kirby BP, Yong A, Hasan S, Basri H, et al.

J Adv Res, 2019 Mar;16:87-97.
PMID: 30899592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.11.005

Substantial evidence has shown that most cases of memory impairment are associated with increased neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. In this study, the potential of a standardised Andrographis paniculata aqueous extract (APAE) to reverse neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined in vivo. Rats were treated with APAE (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg·kg-1, p.o.) for 7 consecutive days prior to LPS (1 mg·kg-1, i.p.)-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM) test, while neuroinflammation and oxidative stress were assessed through the measurement of specific mediators, namely, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), antioxidant glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were also evaluated. LPS caused significant memory deficits in the 2-day MWM protocol, whereas pretreatment with standardised APAE dose-dependently improved performance in the MWM test. APAE treatment also blocked the LPS-induced hippocampal increase in the concentration and expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and production of ROS and TBARS and enhanced the activities of AChE and BChE. Furthermore, APAE enhanced the decrease in the levels and expression of hippocampal antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT) following LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive deficit. The findings from these studies suggested that standardised APAE improved memory and had potent neuroprotective effects against LPS-induced neurotoxicity.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis
Fulltext Efficacy of Several Plants Extracts on the Tunneling Activity and Survival of Subterranean Termites (Coptotermes gestroi and Globitermes sulphureus)

Bakaruddin NH, Ab Majid AH

Trop Life Sci Res, 2019 Jan;30(1):33-56.
PMID: 30847032 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.3

This study examined the tunneling activity and the behaviour of two subterranean termites, Globitermes sulphurues and Coptotermes gestroi treated with four plant extracts, namely Pyllanthus niruri, Azadirachta indica, Leucaena leucocephala and Andrographis paniculata. All plants were extracted with three different solvents (methanol, hexane and water) and were diluted into three concentrations (500, 5,000 and 10,000 ppm). A group of 50 workers and 2 soldiers were tested and observed daily during the exposure in order to determine their survivorship and behaviour. Both sections were scored to determine their tunneling activities after seven days. There was a significant difference of tunneling activities of C. gestroi on sand treated with plant extracts (X2(2) = 31.790, p < 0.0001) with a mean rank of 8.50 for methanolic extracts and 32.50 for both hexane and water extracts. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed on tunneling activity of G. sulphureus on treated sand (X2(2) = 2.200, p = 0.333) with a mean rank of 20.72 for methanolic extracts, 26.31 for water extracts and 26.47 for hexane extracts. Results showed that plants extracted with methanol demonstrated strong repellent properties with 0 tunneling activity on the treated sand and low survivorship of both termites. Moreover, both termites did not survive (0%) when they were treated with methanolic extracts at 10,000 ppm. They also displayed a different behaviour post-exposure such as avoidance, gradually losing the ability to walk and low feeding consumption. These results indicate that there is a strong termiticidal activity of plants extracted with methanol against C. gestroi and G. sulphureus.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis
Dietary supplementation of different parts of Andrographis paniculata affects the fatty acids, lipid oxidation, microbiota, and quality attributes of longissimus muscle in goats

Yusuf AL, Adeyemi KD, Roselina K, Alimon AR, Goh YM, Samsudin AA, et al.

Food Res Int, 2018 09;111:699-707.
PMID: 30007735 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.015

The effects of dietary supplementation of different parts of Andrographis paniculata on fatty acids, lipid oxidation, microbiota and quality attributes of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle in goats were assessed. Twenty four, entire Boer bucks (4 months old; 20.18 ± 0.19 kg BW) were randomly allotted to either a basal diet without additive (AP0), a basal diet + 1.5% Andrographis paniculata leaves (APL) or a basal diet + 1.5% Andrographis paniculata whole plant (APW). The bucks were fed the diets for 100 d and slaughtered. The LTL muscle was subjected to a 7 d chill storage. The AP0 meat had higher (p  .05) on muscle glycogen, pH, drip loss, chemical composition and lactic acid bacteria count. Cooking loss, shear force, and TBARS values were lower (p 

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis*
Fulltext Effects of dietary supplementation of leaves and whole plant of Andrographis paniculata on rumen fermentation, fatty acid composition and microbiota in goats

Yusuf AL, Adeyemi KD, Samsudin AA, Goh YM, Alimon AR, Sazili AQ

BMC Vet Res, 2017 Nov 24;13(1):349.
PMID: 29178910 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1223-0

BACKGROUND: The nature and amount of dietary medicinal plants are known to influence rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility in ruminants. Nonetheless, changes in nutrient digestibility and rumen metabolism in response to dietary Andrographis paniculata (AP) in goats are unknown. This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation of leaves and whole plant of AP on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, fatty acids and rumen microbial population in goats. Twenty-four Boer crossbred bucks (4 months old; average body weight of 20.18 ± 0.19 kg) were randomly assigned to three dietary groups of eight goats each. The dietary treatments included a control diet (Basal diet without additive), basal diet +1.5% (w/w) Andrographis paniculata leaf powder (APL) and basal diet +1.5% (w/w) Andrographis paniculata whole plant powder (APW). The trial lasted 100 d following 14 d of adjustment.
RESULTS: The rumen pH and concentration of propionate were greater (P

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis*
Genoproteomics-assisted improvement of Andrographis paniculata: toward a promising molecular and conventional breeding platform for autogamous plants affecting the pharmaceutical industry

Valdiani A, Talei D, Lattoo SK, Ortiz R, Rasmussen SK, Batley J, et al.

Crit Rev Biotechnol, 2017 Sep;37(6):803-816.
PMID: 28049346 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1260525

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees. (AP) is a hermaphroditic, self-compatible, and habitual inbreeding plant. Its main bioactive component is andrographolide, which is capable of inducing autophagic cell death in some human cancer cells and helps fight HIV/AIDS. Increasing the andrographolide content by investigating the genetic mechanisms controlling its biosynthesis in order to improve and develop high-yielding cultivars are the main breeding targets for AP. However, there might exist some limitations or barriers for crossability within AP accessions. Recently, this problem was addressed in AP by using a combination of crossbreeding and biotechnology-aided genetic methods. This review emphasizes that development of a breeding platform in a hard-to-breed plant, such as AP, requires the involvement of a broad range of methods from classical genetics to molecular breeding. To this end, a phenological stage (for example, flowering and stigma development) can be simplified to a quantitative morphological trait (for example, bud or stigma length) to be used as an index to express the highest level of receptivity in order to manage outcrossing. The outcomes of the basic crossability research can be then employed in diallel mating and crossbreeding. This review explains how genomic data could produce useful information regarding genetic distance and its influence on the crossability of AP accessions. Our review indicates that co-dominant DNA markers, such as microsatellites, are also capable of resolving the evolutionary pathway and cryptic features of plant populations and such information can be used to select the best breeding strategy. This review also highlights the importance of proteomic analysis as a breeding tool. In this regard, protein diversification, as well as the impact of normal and stress-responsive proteins on morphometric and physiological behaviors, could be used in breeding programs. These findings have immense potential for improving plant production and, therefore, can be regarded as prospective breeding platforms for medicinal plants that have an autogamous mode of reproduction. Finally, this review suggests that novel site-directed genome editing approaches such as TALENs (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases) and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease) systems together with other new plant breeding technologies (NPBT) should simultaneously be taken into consideration for improvement of pharmaceutical plants.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis
Fulltext Phytochemical properties and traditional uses of selected medicinal plants in Malaysia: a review

A’attiyyah A.A., Wan Afiqah Syahirah W.G., Kannan, T.P., Suharni M., Ahmad A., Nor Azah M.A.

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2017;2(2):14-25.
MyJurnal

Medicinal plants have healing properties and are able to synthesize various chemical compounds. These chemicals (also known as phytochemical compounds) play vital roles in determining the pharmacological properties existing in certain plants. The phytochemical compounds present in plants are associated with primary and secondary constituents. Most of the time, the secondary constituents exhibit the bioactivities in plants such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Some common medicinal plants that have been used in curing various diseases by traditional practitioners in Malaysia are Ficus deltoidea Jack, Andrographis paniculata, Curcuma longa, Clinacanthus nutans and Eurycoma longifolia Jack. This review discusses the morphology, phytochemical compounds and phytochemical properties of selected medicinal plants in Malaysia. The plants of focus have been found to possess anti-cancer and anti-diabetic effects. This review, it is hoped will enable Malaysian researchers to explore further on the potential of these plants in investigating new and novel drugs in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis
Fulltext Anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Orthosiphon Stamineus and Andrographis Paniculata leaves and stems

Farah Adiba Yang Abd Talib, Hairul Aini Hamzah, Mohammed Imad Al-Deen Mustafa Mahmoud

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(11):32-32.
MyJurnal

Quorum sensing controls a wide spectrum of processes and phenotypic
behaviours including biofilm formation that helps in the survival and virulence of
bacteria in hosts. Thus, anti-quorum sensing is suggested to combat bacterial infections.
This study aimed to evaluate the anti-biofilm forming and anti-quorum sensing activities
which may contribute to the anti-bacterial effect of ethanol and aqueous extracts of
Orthosiphon stamineus and Andrographis paniculata leaves and stems. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis
Fulltext Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Therapy of Jaundice: Part II. Highly Used Plant Species from Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Combretaceae, and Fabaceae Families

Tewari D, Mocan A, Parvanov ED, Sah AN, Nabavi SM, Huminiecki L, et al.

Front Pharmacol, 2017;8:519.
PMID: 28848436 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00519

In many developing countries, jaundice is the common symptom of hepatic diseases which are a major cause of mortality. The use of natural product-based therapies is very popular for such hepatic disorders. A great number of medicinal plants have been utilized for this purpose and some facilitated the discovery of active compounds which helped the development of new synthetic drugs against jaundice. However, more epidemiological studies and clinical trials are required for the practical implementation of the plant pharmacotherapy of jaundice. The focus of this second part of our review is on several of the most prominent plants used against jaundice identified in the analysis performed in the first part of the review viz. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Terminalia chebula Retz., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and some species of genus Phyllanthus. Furthermore, we discuss their physiological effects, biologically active ingredients, and the potential mechanisms of action. Some of the most important active ingredients were silybin (also recommended by German commission), phyllanthin and andrographolide, whose action leads to bilirubin reduction and normalization of the levels of relevant serum enzymes indicative for the pathophysiological status of the liver.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis
Fulltext Anti-Diabetic Activity and Metabolic Changes Induced by Andrographis paniculata Plant Extract in Obese Diabetic Rats

Akhtar MT, Bin Mohd Sarib MS, Ismail IS, Abas F, Ismail A, Lajis NH, et al.

Molecules, 2016 Aug 09;21(8).
PMID: 27517894 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081026

Andrographis paniculata is an annual herb and widely cultivated in Southeast Asian countries for its medicinal use. In recent investigations, A. paniculata was found to be effective against Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Type 1 DM). Here, we used a non-genetic out-bred Sprague-Dawley rat model to test the antidiabetic activity of A. paniculata against Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM). Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analyses was used to evaluate the A. paniculata and metformin induced metabolic effects on the obese and obese-diabetic (obdb) rat models. Compared to the normal rats, high levels of creatinine, lactate, and allantoin were found in the urine of obese rats, whereas, obese-diabetic rats were marked by high glucose, choline and taurine levels, and low lactate, formate, creatinine, citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate, dimethylamine, acetoacetate, acetate, allantoin and hippurate levels. Treatment of A. paniculata leaf water extract was found to be quite effective in restoring the disturbed metabolic profile of obdb rats back towards normal conditions. Thisstudy shows the anti-diabetic potential of A. paniculata plant extract and strengthens the idea of using this plant against the diabetes. Further classical genetic methods and state of the art molecular techniques could provide insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and anti-diabetic effects of A. paniculata water extract.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis/chemistry*
Infrared-metabolomics approach in detecting changes in Andrographis paniculata metabolites due to different harvesting ages and times

Yusof NA, Isha A, Ismail IS, Khatib A, Shaari K, Abas F, et al.

J Sci Food Agric, 2015 Sep;95(12):2533-43.
PMID: 25371390 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6987

The metabolite changes in three germplasm accessions of Malaysia Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Nees, viz. 11265 (H), 11341 (P) and 11248 (T), due to their different harvesting ages and times were successfully evaluated by attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and translated through multivariate data analysis of principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). This present study revealed the feasibility of ATR-FTIR in detecting the trend changes of the major metabolites - andrographolide and neoandrographolide - functional groups in A. paniculata leaves of different accessions. The harvesting parameter was set at three different ages of 120, 150 and 180 days after transplanting (DAT) and at two different time sessions of morning (7:30-10:30 am) and evening (2:30-5.30 pm).

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis/metabolism*
The effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees extract and diterpenoids on the CYP450 isoforms' activities, a review of possible herb-drug interaction risks

Tan ML, Lim LE

Drug Chem Toxicol, 2015;38(3):241-53.
PMID: 25156015 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.947504

Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees is a popular medicinal plant and its components are used in various traditional product preparations. However, its herb-drug interactions risks remain unclear. This review specifically discusses the various published studies carried out to evaluate the effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees plant extracts and diterpenoids on the CYP450 metabolic enzyme and if the plant components pose a possible herb-drug interaction risk. Unfortunately, the current data are insufficient to indicate if the extracts or diterpenoids can be labeled as in vitro CYP1A2, CYP2C9 or CYP3A4 inhibitors. A complete CYP inhibition assay utilizing human liver microsomes and the derivation of relevant parameters to predict herb-drug interaction risks may be necessary for these isoforms. However, based on the current studies, none of the extracts and diterpenoids exhibited CYP450 induction activity in human hepatocytes or human-derived cell lines. It is crucial that a well-defined experimental design is needed to make a meaningful herb-drug interaction prediction.

Matched MeSH terms: Andrographis/adverse effects*; Andrographis/chemistry

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