Displaying publications 221 - 240 of 1493 in total

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  1. Developing a dengue prediction model based on climate in Tawau, Malaysia
    Jayaraj VJ, Avoi R, Gopalakrishnan N, Raja DB, Umasa Y
    Acta Trop, 2019 Sep;197:105055.
    PMID: 31185224 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105055
    Dengue is fast becoming the most urgent health issue in Malaysia, recording close to a 10-fold increase in cases over the last decade. With much uncertainty hovering over the recently introduced tetravalent vaccine and no effective antiviral drugs, vector control remains the most important strategy in combating dengue. This study analyses the relationship between weather predictors including its lagged terms, and dengue incidence in the District of Tawau over a period of 12 years, from 2006 to 2017. A forecasting model purposed to predict future outbreaks in Tawau was then developed using this data. Monthly dengue incidence data, mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, mean relative humidity and mean rainfall over a period of 12 years from 2006 to 2017 in Tawau were retrieved from Tawau District Health Office and the Malaysian Meteorological Department. Cross-correlation analysis between weather predictors, lagged terms of weather predictors and dengue incidences established statistically significant cross-correlation between lagged periods of weather predictors-namely maximum temperature, mean relative humidity and mean rainfall with dengue incidence at time lags of 4-6 months. These variables were then employed into 3 different methods: a multivariate Poisson regression model, a Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model and a SARIMA with external regressors for selection. Three models were selected but the SARIMA with external regressors model utilising maximum temperature at a lag of 6 months (p-value:0.001), minimum temperature at a lag of 4 months (p-value:0.01), mean relative humidity at a lag of 2 months (p-value:0.001), and mean rainfall at a lag of 6 months (p-value:0.001) produced an AIC of 841.94, and a log-likelihood score of -413.97 establishing it as the best fitting model of the methodologies utilised. In validating the models, they were utilised to develop forecasts with the model selected with the highest accuracy of predictions being the SARIMA model predicting 1 month in advance (MAE: 7.032, MSE: 83.977). This study establishes the effect of weather on the intensity and magnitude of dengue incidence as has been previously studied. A prediction model remains a novel method of evidence-based forecasting in Tawau, Sabah. The model developed in this study, demonstrated an ability to forecast potential dengue outbreaks 1 to 4 months in advance. These findings are not dissimilar to what has been previously studied in many different countries- with temperature and humidity consistently being established as powerful predictors of dengue incidence magnitude. When used in prognostication, it can enhance- decision making and allow judicious use of resources in public health setting. Nevertheless, the model remains a work in progress- requiring larger and more diverse data.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  2. Fulltext An update on road traffic injuries in Malaysia
    Krishnan R, Radin Sohadi RU
    JUMMEC, 1997;2(1):39-41.
    The incidence of road traffic injuries has increased over the last two decades. Of greater concern is the prediction that the problem is likely to increase further, given present trends in transportation. Injuries and not "accidents" need to be the focus of the health sector. Passive strategies, which are independent of human behaviour, are more likely to succeed in the prevention of injuries compared to "active" strategies. The health sector needs to play a bigger role in prevention through advocacy, research and education of target groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  3. Patterns of injuries and illness among Malaysian athletes during the XVII Asian games 2014
    Mohamad Shariff A Hamid, Arshad Puji, Zakiy Jamalullail, Zaidi Salleh, Kamarul Hashimy Hussein
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1531-1536.
    Although more Malaysians are taking part in International Multisport Games, these athletes well-being at such events have not been fully explored. The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of injury and illness among Malaysian athletes during the XVII Asian Games 2014. Clinical and socio-demographic information of athletes diagnosed with injury or illness during the centralised training camp and at the Games were recorded in a standardised report form. Throughout the study period, 83 injuries and 64 illnesses were recorded from 276 athletes. Muscle strains and tears were the most common injury followed by ligamentous injury and soft tissues contusion. The number of injuries was highest among badminton players followed by hockey and rugby. Significantly higher incidence of injuries was observed among men than women hockey players. Athletes in individual events had higher proportion of more severe injury than those in team events. Respiratory tract infection was the most frequent illness diagnosed among athletes. Most injuries and illnesses diagnosed among athletes were minor and did not result in time away from participation. The incidence of injuries and illnesses among Malaysian athletes at the XVII Asian Games were comparable with those reported by previous authors. Injury and illness rate were influenced by gender and sports. Fortunately, majority of injuries and illnesses were minor and did not prevent athletes from participation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  4. Parkinson's disease in the Western Pacific Region
    Lim SY, Tan AH, Ahmad-Annuar A, Klein C, Tan LCS, Rosales RL, et al.
    Lancet Neurol, 2019 09;18(9):865-879.
    PMID: 31175000 DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30195-4
    1·8 billion people of diverse ethnicities and cultures live in the Western Pacific Region. The increasing longevity of populations in this region is a major contributor to the exponential increase in Parkinson's disease prevalence worldwide. Differences exist between Parkinson's disease in the Western Pacific Region and in Europe and North America that might provide important insights into our understanding of the disease and approaches to management. For example, some genetic factors (such as LRRK2 mutations or variants) differ, environmental exposures might play differential roles in modulating the risk of Parkinson's disease, and fewer dyskinesias are reported, with some differences in the profile of non-motor symptoms and comorbidities. Gaps in awareness of the disease and inequitable access to treatments pose challenges. Further improvements in infrastructure, clinical governance, and services, and concerted collaborative efforts in training and research, including greater representation of the Western Pacific Region in clinical trials, will improve care of patients with Parkinson's disease in this region and beyond.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  5. Fulltext Statistical Modelling of the Effects of Weather Factors on Malaria Occurrence in Abuja, Nigeria
    Segun OE, Shohaimi S, Nallapan M, Lamidi-Sarumoh AA, Salari N
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 05 16;17(10).
    PMID: 32429373 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103474
    Background: despite the increase in malaria control and elimination efforts, weather patterns and ecological factors continue to serve as important drivers of malaria transmission dynamics. This study examined the statistical relationship between weather variables and malaria incidence in Abuja, Nigeria. Methodology/Principal Findings: monthly data on malaria incidence and weather variables were collected in Abuja from the year 2000 to 2013. The analysis of count outcomes was based on generalized linear models, while Pearson correlation analysis was undertaken at the bivariate level. The results showed more malaria incidence in the months with the highest rainfall recorded (June-August). Based on the negative binomial model, every unit increase in humidity corresponds to about 1.010 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.005-1.015) times increase in malaria cases while the odds of having malaria decreases by 5.8% for every extra unit increase in temperature: 0.942 (95% CI, 0.928-0.956). At lag 1 month, there was a significant positive effect of rainfall on malaria incidence while at lag 4, temperature and humidity had significant influences. Conclusions: malaria remains a widespread infectious disease among the local subjects in the study area. Relative humidity was identified as one of the factors that influence a malaria epidemic at lag 0 while the biggest significant influence of temperature was observed at lag 4. Therefore, emphasis should be given to vector control activities and to create public health awareness on the proper usage of intervention measures such as indoor residual sprays to reduce the epidemic especially during peak periods with suitable weather conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  6. Dynamic Absorption Enhancement and Equivalent Resonant Circuit Modeling of Tunable Graphene-Metal Hybrid Antenna
    Ullah Z, Nawi I, Witjaksono G, Tansu N, Khattak MI, Junaid M, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2020 Jun 04;20(11).
    PMID: 32512718 DOI: 10.3390/s20113187
    Plasmonic antennas are attractive optical components of the optoelectronic devices, operating in the far-infrared regime for sensing and imaging applications. However, low optical absorption hinders its potential applications, and their performance is limited due to fixed resonance frequency. In this article, a novel gate tunable graphene-metal hybrid plasmonic antenna with stacking configuration is proposed and investigated to achieve tunable performance over a broad range of frequencies with enhanced absorption characteristics. The hybrid graphene-metal antenna geometry is built up with a hexagon radiator that is supported by the Al2O3 insulator layer and graphene reflector. This stacked structure is deposited in the high resistive Si wafer substrate, and the hexagon radiator itself is a sandwich structure, which is composed of gold hexagon structure and two multilayer graphene stacks. The proposed antenna characteristics i.e., tunability of frequency, the efficiency corresponding to characteristics modes, and the tuning of absorption spectra, are evaluated by full-wave numerical simulations. Besides, the unity absorption peak that was realized through the proposed geometry is sensitive to the incident angle of TM-polarized incidence waves, which can flexibly shift the maxima of the absorption peak from 30 THz to 34 THz. Finally, an equivalent resonant circuit model for the investigated antenna based on the simulations results is designed to validate the antenna performance. Parametric analysis of the proposed antenna is carried out through altering the geometric parameters and graphene parameters in the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) studio. This clearly shows that the proposed antenna has a resonance frequency at 33 THz when the graphene sheet Fermi energy is increased to 0.3 eV by applying electrostatic gate voltage. The good agreement of the simulation and equivalent circuit model results makes the graphene-metal antenna suitable for the realization of far-infrared sensing and imaging device containing graphene antenna with enhanced performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  7. Fulltext Trends of Stroke Incidence and 28-Day All-Cause Mortality after a Stroke in Malaysia: A Linkage of National Data Sources
    Hwong WY, Ang SH, Bots ML, Sivasampu S, Selvarajah S, Law WC, et al.
    Glob Heart, 2021 05 26;16(1):39.
    PMID: 34211825 DOI: 10.5334/gh.791
    Background: Data on nationwide trends for stroke metrics are crucial to understand the extent of the disease burden to a country's health system. Yet, this information remains scarce in low- and middle-income countries.

    Objectives: This study investigated trends of stroke incidence and 28-day all-cause mortality after a stroke from 2008 to 2016 in Malaysia, through linkage across national data sources.

    Methods: Hospital admissions with a principal diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack were included. Cases with first stroke were identified through linkage of hospital admission registers where age and sex-standardized trends of stroke incidence and its subtypes were calculated. By linking hospital registers to the National Death Register, the 28-day all-cause mortality rates after a stroke were estimated. Mann-Kendall's test was used for trend evaluation.

    Results: From 243,765 records, the trend of stroke incidence showed an increase of 4.9% in men and a drop of 3.8% among women. Incidences were higher in men, at 99.1 per 100,000 population in 2008 and 103.9 per 100,000 in 2016 than women (80.3 per 100,000 in 2008 and 77.2 per 100,000 in 2016). There was a substantial increase in stroke incidence among those below 65 years old, with the largest increase of 53.3% in men aged between 35-39 years and 50.4% in women of similar age group. The trend for 28-day all-cause mortality showed a decline for men at -13.1% and women, -10.6%. Women had higher mortality from stroke (22.0% in 2008 and 19.7% in 2016) than men (19.4% in 2008 to 17.2% in 2016).

    Conclusion: This first empirical study on stroke trends in Malaysia revealed a worrying increase in stroke incidence among the younger population. Despite a declining trend, mortality rates remained moderately high especially in women. Comprehensive strategies to strengthen the prevention and management of stroke care are warranted.

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  8. Fulltext Estimation of local incidence of jellyfish envenomation in developed marine coastal areas and large populated island on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia using case surveillance of government health facilities in Manjung, Perak and Langkawi Island
    Mubarak AI, Wan Mohd Shukri WNA, Ismail AK
    Int Marit Health, 2021 7 3;72(2):93-98.
    PMID: 34212348 DOI: 10.5603/IMH.2021.0017
    BACKGROUND: Jellyfish stings are one of the commonest causes of marine animal related injuries in human. Despite mostly being harmless, box jellyfish species can cause major stings with fatalities or systemic envenoming symptoms. There are 15-20 species identified to be life-threatening. There are few reported cases that suggest the presence of deadly box jellyfish in the Malaysian coast. However, numbers of stings around Malaysia are still under reported.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This observational study was conducted in Manjung, Perak and Langkawi Island to look at the pattern and incidence of jellyfish stings which occur within 1 year.

    RESULTS: There were 45 sting incidents reported with the highest number of cases occurred in December and February. Cases mainly involved young adults aged 10 to 29 years old. The most common clinical symptom that presented was sudden and persistent pain. Vinegar was applied as first aid in 53.3% of reported stings. All patients were treated symptomatically and discharged well. Stings occurred at mean sea surface temperature of 29.38°C and the wind speed of 7.6 knots. All cases were mild and did not require antivenom.

    CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that the occurrence of jellyfish stings are affected by weather conditions. Jellyfish stings occur seasonally, thus making it predictable and easily preventable with public awareness, early first aid application and use of jellyfish nets.

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  9. Fulltext Modelling malaria in southernmost provinces of Thailand: a two-step process for analysis of highly right-skewed data with a large proportion of zeros
    Ammatawiyanon L, Tongkumchum P, Lim A, McNeil D
    Malar J, 2022 Nov 15;21(1):334.
    PMID: 36380322 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04363-8
    BACKGROUND: Malaria remains a serious health problem in the southern border provinces of Thailand. The issue areas can be identified using an appropriate statistical model. This study aimed to investigate malaria for its spatial occurrence and incidence rate in the southernmost provinces of Thailand.

    METHODS: The Thai Office of Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Public Health, provided total hospital admissions of malaria cases from 2008 to 2020, which were classified by age, gender, and sub-district of residence. Sixty-two sub-districts were excluded since they had no malaria cases. A logistic model was used to identify spatial occurrence patterns of malaria, and a log-linear regression model was employed to model the incidence rate after eliminating records with zero cases.

    RESULTS: The overall occurrence rate was 9.8% and the overall median incidence rate was 4.3 cases per 1,000 population. Malaria occurence peaked at young adults aged 20-29, and subsequently fell with age for both sexes, whereas incidence rate increased with age for both sexes. Malaria occurrence and incidence rates fluctuated; they appeared to be on the decline. The area with the highest malaria occurrence and incidence rate was remarkably similar to the area with the highest number of malaria cases, which were mostly in Yala province's sub-districts bordering Malaysia.

    CONCLUSIONS: Malaria is a serious problem in forest-covered border areas. The correct policies and strategies should be concentrated in these areas, in order to address this condition.

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  10. Fulltext Incidence and predictors of postpartum depression among postpartum mothers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: A cross-sectional study
    Hairol MI, Ahmad S, Sharanjeet-Kaur S, Hum Wee L, Abdullah F, Ahmad M
    PLoS One, 2021;16(11):e0259782.
    PMID: 34752486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259782
    Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the mental health complications that may arise following childbirth. This cross-sectional study explores the association between socioeconomic factors and PPD literacy with PPD incidence in 350 participants (mean age: 30.58±4.72 years) at one to six months postpartum, who attended the Kuala Lumpur Health Clinic from May to October 2020. PPD incidence and literacy were assessed using the validated Malay versions of the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Postpartum Depression Literacy Scale (PoDLiS), respectively. The participants' socioeconomic characteristics were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square tests were performed to determine the association between these factors and PPD incidence. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine the odds ratios (OR). The incidence of postpartum depressive symptoms was 14.29%. Those with low household income were twice likely to have PPD symptoms (OR:2.58, 95% CI:1.23-5.19; p = 0.01) than those with higher incomes. Unemployment (i.e., participants who were housewives/homemakers) was associated with higher PPD incidence (Χ2(2, 350) = 6.97, p = 0.03), but it was not a significant PPD predictor. In conclusion, PPD incidence in the sample of Kuala Lumpur postpartum mothers is significantly associated with low household income. Other socioeconomic characteristics, including PPD literacy, were not significant predictors of PPD incidence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  11. Fulltext Rapidly enlarging renal tumor during pregnancy: diagnostic and management dilemma
    Tiang KW, Ng KL, Vega-Vega A, Wood S
    J Kidney Cancer VHL, 2014;1(1):12-16.
    PMID: 28326245 DOI: 10.15586/jkcvhl.2014.6
    Urological tumors diagnosed during pregnancy are rare. However, the incidence seems to be increasing largely due to advancements in modern imaging techniques and improved antenatal care. The diagnosis and management of renal tumors during pregnancy poses a dilemma to clinicians. This case report highlights the challenges in managing a large chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in a young primigravida patient. Proper antenatal assessment, a multidisciplinary team approach and appropriate discussion with patient are important determinants to achieve the best clinical outcomes for both the mother and the baby.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  12. Fulltext Incidence of Varus Malalignment Post Interlocking Nail in Proximal Femur Shaft Fractures Comparing Two Types of Entry Points
    Sadagatullah AN, Nazeeb MN, Ibrahim S
    Malays Orthop J, 2017 Nov;11(3):31-35.
    PMID: 29326763 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1711.013
    Introduction: Osteosynthesis of the femur using an interlocking nail is the gold standard for treating diaphyseal fractures of the femur. There are two established entry points for the antegrade interlocking nails which is the piriformis fossa or the greater trochanter. It has been reported that varus malalignment was frequently seen in proximal femur fracture which were treated with interlocking nail utilizing the greater trochanter entry point. The study was done to find out if the problem was of significance. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study which included 179 patients with femur fractures which were treated from January 2013 till September 2015 in one Hospital. They were treated with interlocking nail either by utilizing the piriformis fossa (PF) or the greater trochanter (GT) entry points. Post-operative radiographs of the femur were used to measure the varus deformity. Results: Out of 179 patients, there were 5 patients who were reported to have unacceptable varus malalignment (2.79%). These 5 patients were out of the 88 (5.68%) patients utilizing the greater trochanter as the entry point. The same 5 patients were out 90 patients that were diagnosed with proximal femur shaft fractures (5.55%). Analysis with logistic regression was statistically not significant. Conclusion: There was higher rate of varus malalignment seen in proximal femur shaft fractures treated with interlocking nails utilizing the greater trochanter entry point. The incidence of varus malalignment was not significant statistically.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  13. Safety of Pedicle Screws in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery
    Chan CYW, Kwan MK
    Asian Spine J, 2017 Dec;11(6):998-1007.
    PMID: 29279757 DOI: 10.4184/asj.2017.11.6.998
    To review existing publications on the safety of pedicle screw insertions in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Despite having increased risk for neurological and visceral injuries, the use of pedicle screws have led to increased correction rates in scoliosis surgery. A review was performed on topics pertinent to pedicle screw insertion in AIS, which included pedicle morphometry in AIS, structures at risk during pedicle screw insertion, and accuracy and safety of various pedicle screw insertion techniques. The importance of computer navigation and future research regarding pedicle screw placement in AIS were also briefly reviewed. Many authors have reported abnormal pedicle anatomy in AIS. Injury to the neural structures was highest over the apical region, whereas aortic injury was the highest at T5 and T10. In the proximal thoracic spine, the esophagus could be injured even with screws as short as 25 mm. Overall pedicle perforation rates for perforations >0 and >2 mm (assessed by computed tomography) ranged from 6.4% to 65.0% and 3.7% to 29.9%, respectively. The critical pedicle perforation (>2 mm excluding lateral thoracic) and anterior perforation (>0 mm) rates was reported to range from 1.5% to 14.5% and 0.0% to 16.1%, respectively. Pedicle perforation rates were lower with the use of computer navigation. The incidence of neurological adverse events after scoliosis surgery was 0.06%-1.9%. Aortic injury has only been observed in case reports. According to the available literature, pedicle screw insertion in AIS is considered safe with low rates of clinical adverse events. Moreover, the use of navigation technology has been shown to reduce pedicle perforation rates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  14. Fulltext The global, regional, national burden of nasopharyngeal cancer and its attributable risk factors (1990-2019) and predictions to 2035
    Song Y, Cheng W, Li H, Liu X
    Cancer Med, 2022 Nov;11(22):4310-4320.
    PMID: 35475595 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4783
    We aim to report the latest incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) between 1990 and 2019, by age, sex, sociodemographic index (SDI), and provide predictions to 2035. We use estimates from Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 to analyze the incidence, mortality, and DALYs. All the estimates were shown as counts and age-standardized rates (ASR). In 2019, there were more than 176,501 (156,046 to 199,917) incidence cases, with ASRs of 2.1 (1.9 to 2.4). Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) accounted for 71,610 (65,442 to 77,625) deaths, with ASRs of 0.9 (0.8 to 0.9). NPC was also responsible for 2.34 million (2,139,753 to 2,536,657) DALYs, with ASRs of 28.0 (25.7 to 30.4). The count of all the new cases increased from 1990 to 2019. At the regional level, the highest age-standardized incidence rates were found in East Asia, the highest age-standardized death and DALY rates were shown in Southeast Asia. At the national level, the age-standardized incidence rates were highest in Singapore, and the age-standardized death and DALY rates were highest in Malaysia. The total numbers and rates of all the estimates were significantly higher among males than females across most of the age groups. The considerable burden of NPC was attributable to alcohol use, smoking, and occupational exposure to formaldehyde. A total of six GBD regions and 88 countries are projected to experience an increase in NPC ASRs between 2019 and 2035, respectively. Despite the current decline in age-standardized mortality and DALY rates globally, the age-standardized incidence rate has increased from 1990 to 2019, and continues to increase between 2020 and 2035, indicating that nasopharyngeal cancer remains a major health challenge worldwide. Prevention strategies should focus on modifiable risk factors, especially among males in East Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  15. A randomized controlled trial of 6-month dental home visits on 24-month caries incidence in preschool children
    Babar MG, Andiesta NS, Bilal S, Yusof ZYM, Doss JG, Pau A
    Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 2022 Dec;50(6):559-569.
    PMID: 35138648 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12710
    OBJECTIVES: This paper reports on the effect of 6-month dental home visits compared to no dental home visits on 24-month caries incidence in 5- to 6-year-olds.

    METHODS: 5- to 6-year-olds attending kindergartens were randomized to receive either 6-month dental home visits and education leaflets (Intervention group) or education leaflets alone (Control group) over 24 months. To detect a 15% difference in caries incidence with a significance level of 5% and power of 80%, 88 children were calculated to be needed in the Intervention group and 88 in the Control. Baseline clinical data included oral examinations at the kindergartens. Follow-up visits were made on the 6th, 12th and 18th month. At the end of the 24 months, both the Intervention and Control groups were visited for oral examinations. The primary outcome was caries incidence, measured by the number and proportion of children who developed new caries in the primary molars after 24 months. The secondary outcome was the number of primary molars that developed new caries (d-pms). Frequency distributions of participants by baseline socio-demographic characteristics and caries experience were calculated. The chi-square test was used to test differences between the caries experience in the Intervention and Control groups. The t test was used to compare the mean number of primary molars developing new caries between the Intervention Group and the Control Group. The number of children needed to treat (NNT) was also calculated.

    RESULTS: At the 24-month follow-up, 19 (14.4%) developed new caries in the Intervention Group, compared to 60 (60.0%) in the Control Group (p = .001). On average, 0.2 (95% CI = 0.1-0.3) tooth per child in the Intervention Group was observed to have developed new caries compared to 1.1 (95% CI = 0.8-1.3) tooth per child in the Control Group (p = .001). The number of children needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one child from developing new caries was 2.2.

    CONCLUSIONS: The present study has demonstrated that 6-month home visits to families of 5- to 6-year-olds are effective in caries prevention in 5- to 6-year-olds of low-income families in a middle-income country where access to health services, including oral health promotion services, is limited.

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  16. Fulltext Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
    Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration, Kocarnik JM, Compton K, Dean FE, Fu W, Gaw BL, et al.
    JAMA Oncol, 2022 Mar 01;8(3):420-444.
    PMID: 34967848 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.6987
    IMPORTANCE: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden.

    OBJECTIVE: To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019.

    EVIDENCE REVIEW: The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).

    FINDINGS: In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles.

    CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  17. Fulltext Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
    Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Fitzmaurice C, Abate D, Abbasi N, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, et al.
    JAMA Oncol, 2019 Dec 01;5(12):1749-1768.
    PMID: 31560378 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2996
    IMPORTANCE: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data.

    OBJECTIVE: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning.

    EVIDENCE REVIEW: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence.

    FINDINGS: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572 000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542 000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819 000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601 000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596 000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414 000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs).

    CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care.

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  18. Incidence and Predictors of Physical Inactivity Among Malaysian Community-Dwelling Older Persons
    Ibrahim AM, Singh DKA, Mat S, Mat Ludin AF, Shahar S
    J Aging Phys Act, 2023 Feb 01;31(1):105-116.
    PMID: 35894915 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0390
    The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of physical inactivity and identify the predictors for low physical activity among community-dwelling older persons living in Malaysia in 3 years follow-up. In this prospective study, physical activity levels were measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. The arbitrary cutoff for Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly in this study was ≤70.9 for low and >141 for high physical activity levels. Out of the 955 physically active participants at baseline, 555 of them (mean [SD] age 68.82 [4.92] years) were successfully followed up to 3 years. Cumulative incidence of being physically inactive was 21% with rate of 7 per 100 person-years. It was found that being older (
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  19. Association of soil fungal community composition with incidence of Fusarium wilt of banana in Malaysia
    Jamil FN, Hashim AM, Yusof MT, Saidi NB
    Mycologia, 2023;115(2):178-186.
    PMID: 36893072 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2180975
    Banana (Musa spp.), an important food crop in many parts of the world, is threatened by a deadly wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (TR4). Increasing evidence indicates that plant actively recruits beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere to suppress soil-borne pathogens. Hence, studies on the composition and diversity of the root-associated microbial communities are important for banana health. Research on beneficial microbial communities has focused on bacteria, although fungi can also influence soil-borne disease. Here, high-throughput sequencing targeting the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was employed to systematically characterize the difference in the soil fungal community associated with Fusarium wilt (FW) of banana. The community structure of fungi in the healthy and TR4-infected rhizospheres was significantly different compared with that of bulk soil within the same farm. The rhizosphere soils of infected plants exhibited higher richness and diversity compared with healthy plants, with significant abundance of Fusarium genus at 14%. In the healthy rhizosphere soil, Penicillium spp. were more abundant at 7% and positively correlated with magnesium. This study produced a detailed description of fungal community structure in healthy and TR4-infected banana soils in Malaysia and identified candidate biomarker taxa that may be associated with FW disease promotion and suppression. The findings also expand the global inventory of fungal communities associated with the components of asymptomatic and symptomatic banana plants infected by TR4.
    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
  20. Incidence and mortality trends of neglected tropical diseases and malaria in China and ASEAN countries from 1990 to 2019 and its association with the socio-demographic index
    Liu Q, Yan W, Qin C, Du M, Wang Y, Liu M, et al.
    Glob Health Res Policy, 2023 Jun 23;8(1):22.
    PMID: 37349771 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-023-00306-1
    BACKGROUND: People in China and the countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are affected by neglected tropical diseases and malaria (NTDM). In this study, we aimed to assess the current status and trends of NTDM burden from 1990 to 2019 in China and ASEAN countries, and also explore the association of NTDM burden with socio-demographic index (SDI).

    METHODS: The data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 (GBD 2019) results were used. Absolute incidence and death number, and age-standardized incidence and mortality rate (ASIR and ASMR) of NTDM in China and ASEAN were extracted. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and join-point regression in the rates quantified the trends. Nonlinear regression (second order polynomial) was used to explore the association between SDI and ASRs.

    RESULTS: The ASIR of NTDM increased in China, Philippines, Singapore and Brunei, at a speed of an average 4.15% (95% CI 3.83-4.47%), 2.15% (1.68-2.63%), 1.03% (0.63-1.43%), and 0.88% (0.60-1.17%) per year. Uptrends of ASIR of NTDM in recent years were found in China (2014-2017, APC = 10.4%), Laos (2005-2013, APC = 3.9%), Malaysia (2010-2015, APC = 4.3%), Philippines (2015-2019, APC = 4.2%), Thailand (2015-2019, APC = 2.4%), and Vietnam (2014-2017, APC = 3.2%, all P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
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