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  1. Biotechnology research on cestodes in the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia
    Cross JH
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1988 Mar;19(1):41-5.
    PMID: 3043701
    There are essentially no reports on the use of modern biotechnological methods on the study of cestode parasites in the Philippines, Indonesia or Malaysia. The only recent reports of cestode studies in these countries have been on reports of new species in animals and on prevalence rates of cestode parasites in humans; Taenia solium and cysticercosis, Taenia saginata and Hymenolepis nana, etc. Reports on the use of biotechnology has emanated from outside the area on cestodes of humans and animals, and some of these methods could be used to study cestodes in this part of the world.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Recombinant
  2. Applications of biotechnology in parasitic diseases in Malaysia
    Mak JW, Yong HS, Lim PK, Tan MA
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1988 Mar;19(1):7-9.
    PMID: 3406806
    Biotechnological tools are being used in malaria, filariasis and dengue research. The main emphasis has been on the production of reagents for immunodiagnosis and research. In this respect monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against various species and stages of the above pathogens have been produced. It is hoped that these McAbs will be useful not only in immunodiagnosis but also for seroepidemiological applications. A DNA probe against Brugia malayi has been tested in Malaysia and was found to be sensitive and specific.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Recombinant
  3. Fulltext Subtractive hybridization identifies stem cell-associated genes in an acute myeloid leukemia with poor prognosis
    Ngiow Shin Foong, Maha Abdullah, Jasmine Lim, Cheong Soon-Keng, Seow Heng-Fong
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2016;12(1):19-31.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Current prognostic markers have improved survival prediction, however, it has not
    advanced treatment strategies. Gene expression profiling may identify biological markers suitable as
    therapeutic targets. Leukaemia stem cell is associated with adverse outcome, however, its biological
    characteristics are still being investigated. We observed higher in vitro cell viability in acute myeloid
    leukaemia (AML) samples with poor prognosis, which may be stem cell related. Objective: The
    objective of this study was to profile highly expressed genes in an AML sample of poor prognosis/high
    viability and compare with a sample of good prognosis/low viability. Method: Subtractive hybridization
    was performed on two AML samples with high blast counts (>80%), a poor prognosis, PP (disease free
    survival, DFS12 months) sample. The PP sample had
    higher CD34+ counts (73% vs 46%) and higher cell viability than the GP sample. cDNA libraries were
    subsequently cloned and sequenced. Results: cDNA subtracted from the PP samples was identified
    as genes active during fetal/embryonic development (LCOR, CNOT1, ORMDL1), HOX- related genes
    (HOXA3, PBX3, SF3B1), hematopoiesis (SELL, IL-3RA) and aerobic glycolysis/hypoxia (PGK1,
    HIGD1A) -associated genes. Majority of GP clones isolated contained genes involved in oxidative
    phosphorylation, OXPHOS (COXs, ATPs, MTND4 and MTRNR2), protein synthesis (including
    ribosomal proteins, initiating and elongation factors), chromatin remodeling (H2AFZ, PTMA), cell
    motility (MALAT1, CALM2, TMSB4X), and mitochondria (HSPA9, MPO) genes. Conclusion: Thus,
    the PP sample exhibited stem cell-like features while the GP sample showed cells at a high level of cell
    activity. These genes are potential prognostic markers and targets for therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Complementary
  4. Global transcriptomic response of Anoxybacillus sp. SK 3-4 to aluminum exposure
    Lim JC, Thevarajoo S, Selvaratnam C, Goh KM, Shamsir MS, Ibrahim Z, et al.
    J Basic Microbiol, 2017 Feb;57(2):151-161.
    PMID: 27859397 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600494
    Anoxybacillus sp. SK 3-4 is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium and a member of family Bacillaceae. We had previously reported that the strain is an aluminum resistant thermophilic bacterium. This is the first report to provide a detailed analysis of the global transcriptional response of Anoxybacillus when the cells were exposed to 600 mg L(-1) of aluminum. The transcriptome was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq sequencer. Total of 708 genes were differentially expressed (fold change >2.00) with 316 genes were up-regulated while 347 genes were down-regulated, in comparing to control with no aluminum added in the culture. Based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the majority of genes encoding for cell metabolism such as glycolysis, sulfur metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism were up-regulated; while most of the gene associated with tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and valine, leucine and isoleucine metabolism were down-regulated. In addition, a significant number of the genes encoding ABC transporters, metal ions transporters, and some stress response proteins were also differentially expressed following aluminum exposure. The findings provide further insight and help us to understand on the resistance of Anoxybacillus sp. SK 3-4 toward aluminium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sequence Analysis, DNA
  5. Genoproteomics-assisted improvement of Andrographis paniculata: toward a promising molecular and conventional breeding platform for autogamous plants affecting the pharmaceutical industry
    Valdiani A, Talei D, Lattoo SK, Ortiz R, Rasmussen SK, Batley J, et al.
    Crit Rev Biotechnol, 2017 Sep;37(6):803-816.
    PMID: 28049346 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1260525
    Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees. (AP) is a hermaphroditic, self-compatible, and habitual inbreeding plant. Its main bioactive component is andrographolide, which is capable of inducing autophagic cell death in some human cancer cells and helps fight HIV/AIDS. Increasing the andrographolide content by investigating the genetic mechanisms controlling its biosynthesis in order to improve and develop high-yielding cultivars are the main breeding targets for AP. However, there might exist some limitations or barriers for crossability within AP accessions. Recently, this problem was addressed in AP by using a combination of crossbreeding and biotechnology-aided genetic methods. This review emphasizes that development of a breeding platform in a hard-to-breed plant, such as AP, requires the involvement of a broad range of methods from classical genetics to molecular breeding. To this end, a phenological stage (for example, flowering and stigma development) can be simplified to a quantitative morphological trait (for example, bud or stigma length) to be used as an index to express the highest level of receptivity in order to manage outcrossing. The outcomes of the basic crossability research can be then employed in diallel mating and crossbreeding. This review explains how genomic data could produce useful information regarding genetic distance and its influence on the crossability of AP accessions. Our review indicates that co-dominant DNA markers, such as microsatellites, are also capable of resolving the evolutionary pathway and cryptic features of plant populations and such information can be used to select the best breeding strategy. This review also highlights the importance of proteomic analysis as a breeding tool. In this regard, protein diversification, as well as the impact of normal and stress-responsive proteins on morphometric and physiological behaviors, could be used in breeding programs. These findings have immense potential for improving plant production and, therefore, can be regarded as prospective breeding platforms for medicinal plants that have an autogamous mode of reproduction. Finally, this review suggests that novel site-directed genome editing approaches such as TALENs (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases) and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease) systems together with other new plant breeding technologies (NPBT) should simultaneously be taken into consideration for improvement of pharmaceutical plants.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA Shuffling
  6. Fulltext Genome wide profiling in oral squamous cell carcinoma identifies a four genetic marker signature of prognostic significance
    Vincent-Chong VK, Salahshourifar I, Woo KM, Anwar A, Razali R, Gudimella R, et al.
    PLoS One, 2017;12(4):e0174865.
    PMID: 28384287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174865
    BACKGROUND: Cancers of the oral cavity are primarily oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Many of the OSCCs present at late stages with an exceptionally poor prognosis. A probable limitation in management of patients with OSCC lies in the insufficient knowledge pertaining to the linkage between copy number alterations in OSCC and oral tumourigenesis thereby resulting in an inability to deliver targeted therapy.

    OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to identify copy number alterations (CNAs) in OSCC using array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) and to correlate the CNAs with clinico-pathologic parameters and clinical outcomes.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using array CGH, genome-wide profiling was performed on 75 OSCCs. Selected genes that were harboured in the frequently amplified and deleted regions were validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Thereafter, pathway and network functional analysis were carried out using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software.

    RESULTS: Multiple chromosomal regions including 3q, 5p, 7p, 8q, 9p, 10p, 11q were frequently amplified, while 3p and 8p chromosomal regions were frequently deleted. These findings were in confirmation with our previous study using ultra-dense array CGH. In addition, amplification of 8q, 11q, 7p and 9p and deletion of 8p chromosomal regions showed a significant correlation with clinico-pathologic parameters such as the size of the tumour, metastatic lymph nodes and pathological staging. Co-amplification of 7p, 8q, 9p and 11q regions that harbored amplified genes namely CCND1, EGFR, TPM2 and LRP12 respectively, when combined, continues to be an independent prognostic factor in OSCC.

    CONCLUSION: Amplification of 3q, 5p, 7p, 8q, 9p, 10p, 11q and deletion of 3p and 8p chromosomal regions were recurrent among OSCC patients. Co-alteration of 7p, 8q, 9p and 11q was found to be associated with clinico-pathologic parameters and poor survival. These regions contain genes that play critical roles in tumourigenesis pathways.

    Matched MeSH terms: DNA Copy Number Variations
  7. Fulltext Prevalence of rsaI polymorphism in the 5’ untranslated region (UTR) of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene and its sssociation with obesity in the Kampar Health Clinic Cohort, Malaysia
    Lee, H.M., Fan, S.H., Say, Y.H.
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2012;8(1):61-68.
    MyJurnal
    The pandemic of obesity is of great concern as its associated co-morbidities are devastating; causing lifelong burden to individual’s health and is economically costly to a country. Factors that lead to obesity are a combination of environmental and genetic factors. The Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene resides in chromosome 2p23.3, and its protein is composed of 241 amino acids which is responsible for the production of polyhormones that regulate appetite and food intake. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of the RsaI single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site in the 5’-untranslated region (UTR) of POMC and its possible association with obesity among 302 multi-ethnic Malaysian subjects (142 obese, 160 non-obese; 120 males, 182 females) from the Kampar Health Clinic. Subjects were recruited by convenience sampling with informed consent and socio-demographic data as well as anthropometric measurements were taken. Subjects were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis using DNA extracted from blood. The distribution of the RsaI genotypes was significantly different among the different ethnicities, but the mutated RsaI (- / -) genotype was rare as it only occurred in 8.9% of the subjects. With the frequency of the RsaI (-) allele of 0.31, it was associated with the percentage of skeletal muscles (p
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA
  8. Studies of the chemical composition of a healing skin wound in rats, and of the concentrations of some constituents of tissues distant from the healing wound
    Candlish J, Chandra N
    Biochem. J., 1967 Mar;102(3):767-73.
    PMID: 16742493
    1. A skin lesion was made in rats by dorsal incision and the insertion of a polythene tube. 2. Over a period of 25 days after wounding, assays were performed for ascorbic acid, DNA, hydroxyproline, methionine, tryptophan, tyrosine and free amino acids in the lesion tissue. 3. The neutral-salt-soluble proteins of the lesion tissue were fractionated on DEAE-Sephadex, with the separation of fibrinogen and gamma-globulin from a serum protein fraction. 4. Over a period of 20 days after wounding, in wounded rats and in controls, assays were conducted for: ascorbic acid in lens and liver, hydroxyproline, soluble protein, methionine and water in muscle and tendon, and free amino acids in muscle. 5. Relative to controls there was a decrease in lens and liver ascorbic acid, a rise in tendon hydroxyproline, a rise in muscle free amino acids, a fall in muscle protein and a rise in tendon and muscle water.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA
  9. Fulltext Antarctic bacteria inhibit the growth of pathogens
    Wong, C.M.V.L., Chung, H.H., Aisyah, S., Omar, S., Cheah, Y.K., Maria de, L.G., et al.
    ASM Science Journal, 2009;3(2):107-112.
    MyJurnal
    There are relatively little data on bacteria with antimicrobial activities from Antarctic, especially from the South Shetland Islands when compared to the other parts of the world. Hence, this project was set to isolate and characterize bacteria that produce anti-microbial compounds from Greenwich Island (one of the South Shetland Islands), Antarctica. A total of 356 strains of bacteria were isolated from Greenwich Island. They were screened for antimicrobial activities against 13 Gram-negative and one Gram-positive indicator food-borne pathogens. Two out of the 356 Antarctic bacterial strains exhibited an antagonistic effect on the indicator strains, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Bacillus cereus. The two Antarctic bacterial strains were designated as SS157 and SR13. Biochemical and 16S rDNA analysis indicated that the strain SS157 was closely related to Pseudomonas congelans while the strain SR13 was closely related to Pseudomonas tremae. The anti-microbial compounds produced by the two Antarctic bacteria were not sensitive to temperature and were not degraded by trypsin or pronase indicating that they were likely to be chemical compounds or antibiotics. Antimicrobial compounds from strains SS157 and SR13 were broad spectrum, and targeted both Gram-positive and negative pathogens.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA, Ribosomal
  10. Fulltext Catharanthus roseus aqueous extract is cytotoxic to Jurkat Leukaemic T-cells but Induces the proliferation of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    Nor Hazwani Ahmad, Rohanizah Abdul Rahim, Ishak Mat
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2010;21(2):-.
    MyJurnal
    Research on natural products has been widely used as a strategy to discover new drugs with potential for applications in complementary medicines because they have fewer side effects than conventional drugs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effects of crude aqueous Catharanthus roseus extract on Jurkat cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The aqueous extract was
    standardised to vinblastine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and was used to determine cytotoxicity by the MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay. DNA fragmentation assay was employed to determine if cell death was due to apoptosis. The results showed that the aqueous extract induced cell death of Jurkat cells at 24, 48 and 72 hours posttreatment in a time- and dose-dependent manner. However, cells treated at 48 and 72 hours produced higher cytotoxic effects with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)values of 2.55 µg/ml and 2.38 µg/ml, respectively. In contrast, the extract induced normal PBMC proliferation, especially after 24 hours treatment with 1000 µg/ml. This result indicates that the C. roseus crude aqueous extract showed differential effects of inhibiting the proliferation of the Jurkat cell line and promoting the growth of PBMCs. These data suggest that the extract may be applicable for modulating the normal and transformed immune cells in leukaemia patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA Fragmentation
  11. Fulltext Aloe emodin enhances tamoxifen cytotoxicity effect on ER a-positive breast cancer cells, MCF-7, through downregulation of MEK1 and MEK2
    Amin, I.M., Sheikh Abdul Kadir, S.H., Isa, M.R., Rosdy. N.M.M.N.M., Hasani NAH
    JUMMEC, 2016;19(1):1-10.
    MyJurnal
    The positive response to tamoxifen in ERa-positive breast cancer patients is usually of a short duration as many
    of the patients eventually develop resistance. Our preliminary results show that aloe emodin extracted from
    the leaves of the Aloe barbadensis Miller demonstrated a cytotoxicity that is selective to ERa-positive breast
    cancer cells (MCF-7), but not to ERa-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and to the control cells (MCF-
    10A). The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that aloe emodin may enhance the response of
    MCF-7 cells to treatment with tamoxifen. MCF-7 cells were treated with aloe emodin alone, tamoxifen alone
    or a combination of emodin and tamoxifen, at their respective IC50 concentrations and at different time points
    of 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. The respective IC50s were the concentrations of aloe emodin and tamoxifen
    required to achieve 50% inhibition of the cells in the study. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using
    trypan blue exclusion and DNA fragmentation assays, respectively. The involvement of RAS/MEKs/ERKs genes
    of MAPK signalling pathways with aloe emodin was determined using QuantiGene 2.0 Plex assay. Data was
    evaluated using the one-way ANOVA test. Our findings showed that aloe emodin enhanced the cytotoxicity of
    tamoxifen on MCF-7 cells through apoptosis by downregulation of MEK1/2 genes. Our research may provide a
    rational basis for further in vivo studies to verify the efficacy of a combination of aloe emodin and tamoxifen
    on the viability of ERa-positive-breast cancer cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA Fragmentation
  12. Fulltext Investigation of stx 2 + eae + Escherichia coli O157:H7 in beef imported from Malaysia to Thailand
    International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(1):381-386.
    MyJurnal
    To gain insight into the microbiological safety of food products routinely traded across international borders in Southeast Asian countries, beef imported from Malaysia to southern Thailand was examined for contamination with Escherichia coli O157 and its subsequent spread into the imported areas. We screened 31 samples exported from Malaysia and 36 domestic Thai samples. Isolation methods including an O157 antigen-targeted immunomagnetic separation technique, screening on CHROMagar O157 medium, and serotype confirmation of E. coli isolates by specific agglutination tests were employed. Fourteen strains of E. coli O157:H7 were isolated from eight Malaysian samples (25.8%) and six strains from four Thai samples (11.1%). These strains were of the stx1-stx2+eae+ genotype except one Malaysian strain which was of the stx1- stx2- eae+ genotype. All 19 O157:H7 strains possessing the stx2 gene produced little or no Stx2 (reversed passive latex agglutination titer ≤ 4). Of the 19 strains, five Malaysian (38.5%) and two Thai (33.3%) strains exhibited resistance to a set of antibiotics. Finally, the results of two DNA fingerprinting
    analyses (O157 IS-printing targeted to IS629 and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, PFGE) of the O157:H7 strains possessing the stx2 gene, indicated that the Malaysian and Thai strains are closely related. Therefore, E. coli O157:H7 might be transferred from Malaysia to southern Thailand through beef trade.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA Fingerprinting
  13. Fulltext Antibiotic resistance and plasmid profiling of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from cockles in Padang, Indonesia
    Zulkifli, Y., Alitheen, N.B., Raha, A.R., Yeap, S.K., Marlina, Son, R., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2009;16(1):53-58.
    MyJurnal
    Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the most widely recognized pathogenic Vibrio species due to numerous outbreaks and its’ wide occurrence in marine environment. In this study, 32 isolates of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from cockles were tested for sensitivity to 16 antibiotics and the presence of plasmids. All the isolates were multi-resistance, defined as resistant to atleast three different antibiotics with multiple antibiotic resistance indexes ranging from 0.31 to 0.69, indicating the isolates originate from high risk sources of contamination where antibiotics are often used. In the plasmid profiling test, only 15 isolates (47%) harbored plasmid DNA, which ranged in size from 2.7 to 56.2 kb, separating the isolates into 14 plasmid profiles. Hence, food contaminated with antibiotic resistant V. parahaemolyticus could be a major threat to public health due to the distinct possibility that they can be a significant reservoir of genes encoding antibiotic resistance determinants that can be transferred intra or interspecies. As in many developing countries, raw food hygiene and antimicrobial resistance epidemiology is still in the infancy stage in the locality of the study and thus our data provide a current baseline profile of antimicrobial resistance and plasmid of V. parahaemolyticusfrom cockles in Padang, Indonesia.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA
  14. Fulltext The role of blood transfusion in HCV infection: a study testing Ab: RNA & genotype
    Al-Kubaisy, Waqar A., Niazi, Amjad D.
    Int J Public Health Res, 2011;1(2):72-78.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) recently was identified as a major cause of post transfusion hepatitis world wide. To evaluate the role of blood transfusion on the prevalence of HCV infection, by testing antibody and RNA as well as the genotypes of HCV .Also to detect if Blood transfusion acts as unconfounding risk factor for HCV infection.
    Methods Sera from 3491 pregnant women were investigated for the presence of HCV antibodies (anti-HCV) by using third generation enzyme immunoassay (EIA-3) as screening test, followed by immunoblot assay (Lia Tek-III). In addition 94 sera of studied women were subjected to molecular analysis (at laboratories of Sorin BioMedica - Italy) for the detection of viral RNA and genotypes of HCV. Using RT-PCR & DNA Enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) method.
    Results Our study revealed, that seroprevalence rate of HCV specific Ab & RNA were significantly higher (16.32 %, 80% respectively) among women with a history of blood transfusion, compared to those (2.53%, 56.5%) with no such history P=0.0001, P=0.01. And there is a significant direct linear correlation between number of blood transfused and the seropositive rate of anti-HCV (r=0.7, p=0.046). Based on multivariate analysis, interestingly, this study confirmed that, blood transfusion significantly acting as unconfounding risk factor for acquiring HCV infection (Adjusted OR=1.938,95% C.I=1.646-2.28). And the risk of exposure is increases with increased number of blood transfused. Although, we found no significant association between, HCV genotypic distribution and history of blood transfusion. However, high proportion of women with a history of blood transfusion were harboring HCV genotype -4 or 1b, 50%,40%, resepctively.
    Conclusions Our study shows, evidence that, blood transfusion acts as unconfounding risk factor for acquiring and in a mode of transmission of HCV infection. Therefore strict screening of blood donor for HCV-Abs and / or RNA is highly recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA
  15. Fulltext HPV positivity and its' influencing factors among invasive cervical cancer women in Malaysia
    Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, Norin Rahayu Samsuddin, Sharifah Noor Akmal Syed Hussain, Shamsul Azhar Shah, Syed Mohamed Aljunid
    Int J Public Health Res, 2011;1(1):13-22.
    MyJurnal
    Accepted 10 August 2011.
    Introduction Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most prevalent female cancer in Malaysia. Almost 70% of its’ causal factors are attributable to oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16, 18 and other risk factors. HPV genotypes distributions are also noted to differ by geographical area.
    Methods This was cross sectional study conducted in 2007, to determine the influencing factors of HPV positivity and prevalence of HPV infections among patients with cervical cancer in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Patients’ paraffin-embedded cervical tissues kept in the Pathology Department from 1999 to 2007 were randomly selected. A total of 81 medical records with complete information were chosen as samples and patients were contacted for consent. Tissue samples were further derived for PCR DNA for HPV genotyping. Analyses included descriptive statistics; bivariate χ2 test and correlation were used to determine relationship between factors and HPV positivity. Significance level of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
    Results Mean age of cancer diagnosis was at 52 ± 12.2 years. Women of Chinese ethnicity was the highest ethnicity to be HPV positive at 65.4% and squamous cell carcinoma was more commonly found (59.3%) compared with other types of cancers. The prevalence of HPV positivity was 92.6% with type 16 being the most common (74.1%), followed by type 33 (30.9%) and 18 (22.2%). Multiple HPV infections were a common finding at 54.3%. Factors thought to influence positivity i.e. age of intercourse, number of sexual partners, number of parity, smoking status of patients and their partners, oral contraceptive usage, presence of chronic illnesses and cancer stage were not significantly associated with HPV positivity. Increased CC severity level was not associated with increased number of HPV infections (Pearson correlation 0.58; p =0.607).
    Conclusions High HPV positivity at 92.6% was found among ICC patients. Factors thought to influence HPV positivity were not significant. The top three HPV genotypes were type 16 followed by type 33 and 18. However, local women HPV serotypes findings need to be replicated in a larger population sample.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA
  16. Fulltext Visual impairment and its associated factors among the adult population of Kuala Pajam village, Branang, Selangor, Malaysia
    Rozhan, S.M.R., Halim, I., Shamsul Azhar Sha
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2009;15(2):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    Background : Visual impairment among the rural community has rarely been studied in this country. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of visual impairment and its related factors among the adult population of Kampung Kuala Pajam, Branang.
    Methodology : A cross sectional study was carried out in Kampung Kuala Pajam, Mukim Beranang from 25th of December till 30th of December 2007. Universal sampling is adopted and the sample size consists of 321 respondents who is 18 years and above. Trained interviewer has been used to obtain the data through questionnaire and eye examinations using logMAR chart, Red Reflex eye test, Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD) test and Pin-Hole test.
    Result : A total of 261 respondents who fulfil the criteria were interviewed and had eyes examination during the study period. The prevalence of visual impairment in this population was 9.2% and factors that showed significant association were age (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
  17. Fulltext Detection of enterotoxin targeted entFM and hblA genes by inoculating Bacillus cereus (Strain BC1) into ready-to-eat food (RTF) and drink samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
    Nooratiny, I., Sahilah, A.M.
    International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(4):1895-1899.
    MyJurnal
    Detection of enterotoxin by targeting entFM and hblA genes in Bacillus cereus BC1 strain inoculated into ready to eat food (RTF) and drink samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted. The B. cereus BC1 strain was confirmed as a Bacillus diarrhoeal enterotoxin (BDE) when tested by a commercially available Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-BDE immunoassay (ELISA-BDE immunoassay, TECRA). In the specificity study, both enterotoxin genes were detected on chromosomal DNA of B. cereus BC1 strain by showing a specific band of 1269 bp (entFM) and 874 bp (hblA), respectively. However, none of the target genes were detected for the other 15 genomic DNA bacteria (B. cereus (ATCC 11779), B. subtilis (ATCC 6633), Campylobacter jejuni (ATCC 29428), C. coli (Jabatan Kimia Malaysia, JKM), Clostridium perfringen (ATCC 13124), Enterobacter sakazaki (ATCC 51329), Escherichia coli (ATCC 43888), E. coli (ATCC 11735), Legionella pneumophila (ATCC 33152), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 35967), Salmonella typhi (IMR), S. enteritidis (ATCC 13076), S. typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Shigella flexeneri (ATCC 12022) and Vibrio cholerae bengal (Institute Medical Research (IMR), Malaysia) examined. The detection limit of both genes was 0.1 ng of genomic DNA. Thus, in the presence study it is evidence that the PCR analysis targeting enterotoxin of entFM and hblA genes are suitable and useful in detecting enterotoxic B. cereus in RTFs and drinks contaminated sample.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA
  18. Fulltext Biodynamics of hepatitis C virus in haemodialysis patients in Pahang
    Mohammed Saad, A.M., Mohammed Imad, A.M., Aini, H.H., Seman, M.R.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2012;11(1):23-30.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: HCV infection is frequent in patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis, with prevalence between 8 and 10%. Hepatitis C has an adverse effect on both patient and graft survival in those who get renal transplants. There are relatively scarce reports on the natural fluctuation in viral load level in patients on chronic haemodialysis. Materials and Methods: This is a longitudinal short-term three months study, where 27 chronic haemodialysis patients infected with known HCV genotypes were recruited from seven haemodialysis centres in Pahang. Serum samples were collected monthly, both pre- and post-haemodialysis sessions, over a period of three months. Viral RNA was extracted from serum using QIAamp Viral RNA Extraction kit (Qiagen). The HCV viral load was measured using one-step reverse transcriptase qPCR (Applied Biosystems) targeting the 5`HCV non-coding region (5’UTR). The serum α-IFN level was measured using commercial ELISA kit (Amersham, UK). Six biochemical liver function tests (AST, ALP, TP, albumin, ALT and TB) were also done for all pre-haemodialysis samples. Results: All patients showed persistent low level viral load that varied significantly over the study period (p = 0.001). HCV genotype 1 viral load was significantly higher than that of genotype 3. Conclusion: No apparent correlation could be recognized between the viral loads and the corresponding interferon-alpha levels which were detectable in only a few patients during the period of study.
    Matched MeSH terms: RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
  19. Fulltext Technology advancement enabling the link of gut microbiota with obesity and metabolic disorder
    Hartini Yusof, Mohamad Shafiq Aazmi, Teh Lay Kek, Mohd Zaki Salleh, Ili Ng Abdullah, Aminuddin Ahmad, et al.
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2015;13(1):77-91.
    MyJurnal
    Obesity is a growing epidemic due to an accelerated phase of industrialization and urbanization with the overfed people
    now outnumbered the underfed. It is the major public health problem with a lot of research interest as it is associated
    with many complicated chronic disorders such as type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers. A global
    estimation of 2.8 million deaths per year is due to obesity and there are tremendous on-going efforts to identify hosts
    and environmental factors that infl uence the cause and pathogenesis of obesity. Concerted efforts from different research
    groups had successfully shown that obese subjects have altered composition of gut microbiota and transplantation of this
    microbiota infl uences body weight in the germ-free recipient mice. The advancement of technology had made possible
    the study of gut microbiota which was unculturable for better understanding of their impact to human health. Rapid
    deep sequencing of DNA at reasonable cost through various options of platforms followed by data analysis using robust
    bioinformatic tools are an important way of analysing the gut microbiome. Here we review the role of gut microbiota
    which modulates host’s metabolic functions and gene expression, facilitating the extraction and storage of energy from the
    ingested dietary substances and leading to body-weight gain. We will discuss on the different techniques used, focusing
    on the high-defi nition technologies for the determination of the composition, function and ecology of gut microbiota. This
    allows the appropriate selection of platform which becomes the key for success of subsequent research.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA
  20. Fulltext Immunohistochemical Study of p53 Expression in Premalignant and Malignant Cervical Neoplasms
    Tan, GC, Sharifah, N.A., Salwati, S., Hatta, A.Z., Shiran, M.S, Ng, Ho
    Medicine & Health, 2007;2(2):125-132.
    MyJurnal
    One of the most important cervical cancer risk factors is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The p53 gene is one of the most important targets of the HPV E6 gene. E6 protein has the ability to stimulate p53 degradation, inhibits several functions of wild-type p53 and it competes with its function including suppression of malignant growth. The aim of this study is to determine the differences in p53 expressions in pre-malignant and malignant cervical neoplasms. This is a retrospective study on 100 cases of cervical neoplasms. There were 21 cases of CIN 1, 8 cases of CIN 2, 25 cases of CIN 3, 36 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 7 cases of adenocarcinoma and 3 cases of adenosquamouscarcinoma. All cases were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using p53 monoclonalantibody. Thirty six of the 54 pre-malignant cases (66.7%) were positive for p53 protein, n contrast to the malignant cases in which, 40 of the 46 cases (87.0%) were positive. he majority of CIN showed absent to focal staining (29/54, 53.7%). In contrast, 84.8% (39/46( of the invasive carcinoma showed regional to diffuse staining. The expression of p53 is greater in the malignant cervical neoplasms than the pre-malignant cervical lesions, suggesting that p53 overexpression is not an early phenomenon in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. It is also shown to be slightly higher in percentage in CIN 2 and 3 when compared with CIN 1. However, a number of cases were p53 negative, suggesting that other factors may be involved and further HPV studies are indicated.
    Matched MeSH terms: DNA-Binding Proteins
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