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Fulltext Volumetric and conductivity studies of the interaction between levocetirizine dihydrochloride and the amino acids l-alanine and l-glutamine in aqueous solutions

Zolkiflee NF, Meor Mohd Affandi MMR, Abdul Majeed AB

Heliyon, 2023 Apr;9(4):e14363.
PMID: 37009243 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14363

Levocetirizine dihydrochloride (LCTZ) is a second-generation antihistamine known for its efficacy without sedation. However, the binding mechanism with plasma protein which makes it devoid of sedative effects is yet to be uncovered. In this study, we elucidated thermodynamic parameters of solute-solvent and solute-cosolute interactions between LCTZ, and the amino acids l-alanine (Ala) and l-glutamine (Gln) in aqueous solutions. The volumetric and conductance parameters were calculated using the experimental density and conductance data of aqueous solutions of Ala and Gln (concentration range of 0.02-0.20 mol kg-1) and LCTZ (concentration range of 0.01, 0.07, and 0.13 mol kg-1) at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K. Volumetric analysis study revealed that the apparent molar volume (Vφ), limiting apparent molar volume (Vφ 0), and Masson's coefficient (Sv) values indicated predominantly solute-solvent interactions that were influenced by the solute's concentration and temperature. Meanwhile, partial molar expansibilities (Eφ 0), transfer volume ΔtrVφ 0 and Hepler's constant (δ2V0/δT2) established the solution system's structure-breaking tendency. The Gibb's free energy (ΔG0) values derived from conductometry data indicated the system's spontaneity. These calculated constants provided a detailed understanding of the different types of intermolecular interactions found in the ternary (LCTZ + water + amino acids) system.
Fulltext An Unusual Presentation of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma That Resembles Lymphoma: A Case Report

Yung Chwen WL, Abdul Wahab AH, Ahmad Affandi K

Cureus, 2024 Oct;16(10):e72381.
PMID: 39583538 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.72381

Papillary thyroid carcinoma often emerges within the middle-aged group as a painless, irregular thyroid mass, and it can be accompanied by other symptoms such as hoarseness and dysphagia. Cervical node metastasis typically involves the ipsilateral jugular chain and remains confined to cervical node levels III and IV in most of the patients. Here, we present a case highlighting the uncommon presentation of papillary thyroid carcinoma. A 63-year-old Malay man with no known medical issues initially exhibited a painless swelling on the right neck level V region. The swelling progressively grew in size and later extended toward the anterior and contralateral sides of the neck for a duration of a year. He reported a weight loss of 10 kg past a year and experienced consistent fatigue. Physical examination showed multiple firm swellings with regular borders over levels I to V bilaterally. The swellings did not move upon swallowing. Due to the absence of initial thyroid swelling and the presence of multiple cervical lymphadenopathies in his medical history, lymphoma was suspected. A referral to ENT was made for an excision biopsy, but the procedure was abandoned to prevent potential injury to important underlying structures such as blood vessels and nerves. An ultrasound-guided biopsy was subsequently performed over multiple neck regions. It resulted in papillary thyroid carcinoma instead of lymphoma. Despite a suggestive history of lymphoma, papillary thyroid carcinoma should be considered a potential differential for a multilobulated neck mass. Excision biopsy has the potential to upstage the tumor and worsen the patient's prognosis. Fine-needle aspiration for cytology should be prioritized when investigating any neck swelling.
Migratory Fish Bone in the Hyoglossus: Catch Me if You Can

Musa MA, Hamid IA, Gendeh H

Cureus, 2024 Apr;16(4):e58215.
PMID: 38745791 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58215

Foreign body ingestion is one of the most frequently encountered cases in otorhinolaryngology and most of the cases can be managed non-operatively. If left untreated, migration of foreign bodies can occur and presents a significant challenge in patient management. We hereby describe the case of an elderly gentleman who had a preceding history of fish bone ingestion and complained of dysphagia for two days. Clinical examination revealed swelling of the right vallecula with minimal pus discharge. Computed tomography (CT) of the neck confirmed the diagnosis of a migratory foreign body in the neck. He underwent open neck exploration and foreign body removal under intraoperative fluoroscopy guidance. A high index of suspicion of a migratory foreign body is warranted in cases of persistent, unresolved symptoms with the failure of endoscopic evaluation to detect the foreign body. Migratory foreign body of the neck may cause life-threatening complications and requires early surgical intervention.
Fulltext Mobile robot climber model for experiments application

Syahrul Affandi Saidi, Beh, Jun Long, Mohd Sharizan Md Sarip, Wan Azani Mustafa

Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2018;13(1):1-7.
MyJurnal

This article presents a Wall Climbing Robot (WCR) that able to move on ferromagnetic vertical surface to carry out visual inspection process. Visual inspection process is important in the industry to check the condition of storage tank, surface of building, piping or equipment thus can prevents structures collapsing or explosion which would bring a huge loss to the company. Moreover, most of the structures nowadays is expose under the sun and rain, corrosion and cracks could easily occur on the surface after exposing under sunlight and rain a long period of time. Therefore the periodic visual inspection process need to be carry out to detect the damaged occur on the surface of the structure and take action at the fastest time to ensure the safety of the structures and extend the lifespan of the structures. With the well maintenance to the structures, the condition of the structures is monitored and the lifespan is longer. The risk of collapse of the building is decrease by a large margin. Normally, the periodic visual inspection process is performed by operator. Sometime the temporary scaffolding is needed to reach the higher place to carry out the inspection. However, this method create a hazardous environment to the operator and cause the safety of the operator threatened. Therefore, the proposed WCR could help operator to work at the hazardous environment. The permanent magnet is used to provide adhesion for WCR, thus WCR able to move on vertical ferromagnetic surface. The WCR is controlled by operator via wireless remote to reach the higher place or the hazardous environment. The operator then can stream the on the real time images via web browser which connected to the same network with the WCR. Hence, the condition of the surface can be observed.
Fulltext Sensor application for soil treatment and behaviour

Syahrul Affandi Saidi, Syarifah Idrus Sofia Syed Mohd Yamin, Mohd Sharizan Md Sarip, Wan Azani Mustafa

Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2018;13(1):8-15.
MyJurnal

In Malaysia, it is estimated that almost 80 percent of the world's population today used palm oil in their daily lives. Malaysia is the second country exporting palm oil, about 39 percent of world palm oil output. Besides that, Malaysia also recorded about 44 per cent of world exports, making the palm industry very important for countries other than rubber and cocoa. However, to keep the palm industry running smoothly and constantly, there are many challenges to face. One is to maintain soil fertility because the soil can affect the growth of oil palm trees. With the use of this system, it will show the condition of soil behaviour to the farmer about the treatment given. Arduino board is used in this project which it is programmed to calculate and display the level of soil condition by using temperature sensor and soil moisture sensors as an input. This sensor will detect the level of soil moisture and temperature and it is easier for farmers to monitor the soil conditions. Controlled soil conditions can improve the soil's ability to maintain the fertility of palm trees and help plant growth suit to the weather and local climate.
Fulltext Gamma scan technique for detecting coupon inside the mother pipeline

Rasif Mohd Zain, Roslan Yahya, Mohamad Rabaie Shari, Airwan Affandi Mahmood, Mior Ahmad Khusaini Adnan

Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia, 2012;24(2):28-34.
MyJurnal

Many times a year natural gas transmission and distribution companies need to make new connections to pipelines to expand or modify their existing system through hot tapping procedure. This procedure involves the installation of a new pipeline connection while the pipeline remains in service, flowing natural gas under pressure. The hot tap procedure includes attaching a branch connection and valve on the outside of an operating pipeline, and then cutting out the pipe-line wall within the branch and removing the wall section, which is called object of coupon through the valve. During the hot tapping process a critical problems occurred when a coupon fell into the mother pipeline. To overcome this problem, a gamma-ray absorption technique was chosen whereby a mapping technique will be done to detect the coupon position. The technique is non-destructive as it applies Co-60 (5mCi) as a radioisotope sealed source to emit gamma radiation and a NaI(Tl) scintillation as detector. The result provided a visible representation of density profile inside pipeline where the coupon location can be located. This paper provides the detail of the technique used and presents the result obtained.
Fulltext The impact of work rest scheduling on prolonged standing activity in a Malaysian electronic company

Reyan Healme Rohanai, Affandi Mohd-Zainal, Jafri Mohd Rohani, Norlizaa Mohamad, Ismail Abdul Rahman

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2016;13(2):99-108.
MyJurnal

In the electronic industry, prolonged standing works are sometimes required continuously for hours. The physical efforts
required lead to physiological and psychological fatigue resulting in reduced muscle performance. In order to recover from the muscle
exertion, one of the solutions is through the administrative control of a suitable work-rest schedule. In this study, two different workrest
conditions with identical total break time were investigated. An experiment was carried out when ten males’ workers were used
in each condition. The perception of the operator regarding to the body part discomfort were carried out by exploratory survey. Then,
Electromyography (EMG) was used to record the muscle fatigue of the participating workers throughout the experiment. Results
indicate infrequent-long rest promotes lesser muscle efforts compared to frequent short. The frequent short rest for 5 minutes (2X5
minutes) at first half of working day was not adequate to promote reduction on muscle fatigue. It was recommended that in order to
ensure adequate muscle recovery, a more frequent rest of more than 2 times at the half of day, and more than 5 minutes for each rest
should be given to workers.
Fulltext Relationship between isokinetic leg strength and knee frontal plane projection angle during single leg squat among male junior athletes

Mail, M.S.Z., Mohd Azhar, N., Affandi, N.F., Shaharudin, S., Agrawal, S., Chee, L.M.

JUMMEC, 2019;22(2):43-48.
MyJurnal

Background: Those with increased dynamic knee valgus are vulnerable to increased risk of non-contact knee
injuries. However, studies on the top down kinetic chain of lower limb mechanics during dynamic motions
such as single leg squat (SLS) among trained males were scarce.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between isokinetic hip and knee strength
and frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) of the knee joint during SLS.

Methods: Thirty-two male junior athletes (twelve cyclists, ten runners and ten squash players) were screened
for excessive dynamic knee valgus (DKV) prior to participation. Only those within the normal value of DKV were
included. Their hip and knee isokinetic strength in sagittal plane were evaluated at 60º/s of angular velocity
for both legs using dynamometer. Two dimensional knee FPPA was evaluated during SLS at 60º of knee flexion.
Pearson correlation was evaluated between knee FPPA during SLS and isokinetic leg strength.

Results: Correlations between knee FPPA and hip and knee isokinetic strength were not statistically significant
except between knee flexion peak torque/body weight (r = -0.35, p = 0.05) and hamstring to quadriceps ratio
(r = -0.39, p = 0.03) of non-dominant leg.

Conclusions: Isokinetic hip and knee strength and knee FPPA during SLS was correlated only for non-dominant
leg during SLS among male junior athletes. DKV during SLS may be reduced through strengthening the muscles
around hip and knee joints.
Chemical, physical and sensory properties of chicken frankfurters substituted with palm fats

Tan SS, Aminah A, Mohd Suria Affandi Y, Atil O, Babji AS

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2001 Jan;52(1):91-8.
PMID: 11225183

Physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of frankfurters prepared with three types of palm fats (PF60: 40, PF70: 30 and PF80: 20) and palm olein (POo) at 20 and 25% of fat levels were studied. Incorporation of different fats at 20 and 25% did not affect the cooking yields of the frankfurters. Frankfurters incorporated with 25% POo showed the highest value of water-holding capacity (WHC) among eight formulations. The frankfurters containing POo showed the least cooking loss compared to those with palm fats. The incorporation of different type and level of fats resulted in significant changes in the colour (lightness, redness, yellowness) of frankfurters. Texture profiles of both raw and cooked frankfurters were found to be altered by the blending of different type and level of fats. In raw frankfurters, hardness for frankfurters mixed with palm fats were significantly higher than the one with POo but greater values for cohesiveness was observed in raw frankfurters blended with POo. Lowest chewiness was demonstrated by frankfurters mixed with 20% POo. Grilling increased the hardness values of all frankfurters. Contrary to the raw counterparts, cooked frankfurter with POo was the hardest among all formulations. Cohesiveness and chewiness was also found to be significantly higher for cooked frankfurters mixed with POo. Raw frankfurters with fat content of 25% showed greater value in hardness than those of 20%. However, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) observed for all the texture profile attributes in cooked frankfurters due to fat levels. In sensory evaluation, frankfurters prepared with POo were found to be most acceptable by consumer panels as they scored the highest for hardness rating, chicken flavour, oiliness and overall acceptance attributes.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the small intestine in a patient with refractory coeliac disease

Ahmad Affandi K, Abd Shukor N, Mohamed Rose I, Raja Ali RA, Masir N

Malays J Pathol, 2019 Apr;41(1):65-69.
PMID: 31025641

INTRODUCTION: Coeliac disease enteropathy is associated with an increased risk of lymphomas. Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma is the principal malignancy related to coeliac disease. However, studies have shown that other types of lymphoma such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma may also be associated with coeliac disease.
CASE REPORT: We report a 54-year-old Caucasian man who presented with chronic diarrhoea and weight loss. He was diagnosed with coeliac disease based on positive serology results and duodenal, jejunal, and ileal biopsies that showed villous atrophy. Despite adherence to a gluten-free diet, there was no clinical remission and enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma was suspected. Repeated endoscopic biopsy showed persistent mucosal disease but no evidence of lymphoma. Several weeks later he presented with a perforated jejunum. Histology of the resected jejunum showed diffuse infiltration of submucosa and muscularis propria by malignant lymphoid cells sparing the mucosa. The cells expressed CD20, CD79α, CD10 and BCL6 and ki67 of 80%, consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
DISCUSSION: It is suspected that the undetected lymphoma may have contributed to the persistent malabsorption syndrome rendering the patient unresponsive to treatment. Despite thorough clinical and endoscopic evaluation and multiple biopsies, histologic diagnosis of DLBCL was only confirmed following resection of the perforated jejunum.
Malaysian Version of the Sniffin' Sticks Identification Smell Test: Cutoff Points of Hyposmia

Husain S, Hamid IA, Zahedi FD, Wan Hamizan AK

ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec, 2022 Jan 25.
PMID: 35078203 DOI: 10.1159/000521488

INTRODUCTION: Cultural backgrounds can influence the smell test because of the unfamiliarity of different populations with a number of odorants. The study aims to determine the cutoff points for hyposmia using the cultural adaptation of the Malaysian version of the Sniffin' Sticks identification smell test among different age groups.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, healthy participants were recruited from a hospital, senior citizen homes, and schools from 2019 until 2021. Participants were divided into 5 different age groups (A: children, B: adolescents, C: young adults, D: middle-aged adults, and E: older adults) and underwent the identification smell test. Scores below the 10th percentile in these age groups were used to determine the cutoff points for hyposmia.
RESULTS: The cutoff points for the smell identification scores for hyposmia at the 10th percentile in children, adolescents, and adults (young, middle-aged, and older) were less than 6, 9, and 11, respectively. Pairwise comparisons were made using the Bonferroni post hoc test, with p < 0.001. Scores showed a significant difference between males (mean [SD]: 11.43 [2.42]) and females (12.01 [1.98]); p = 0.005.
CONCLUSION: Our study found that the cutoff points of the identification smell test for hyposmia were lower than those of other studies. It is important to use these cutoff points in our population to establish the correct integrity of olfaction function in the clinic setting and in future research.
Fulltext Molybdenum cofactor deficiency in a Malaysian child

Ngu LH, Afroze B, Chen BC, Affandi O, Zabedah MY

Singapore Med J, 2009 Oct;50(10):e365-7.
PMID: 19907877

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with devastating neurological manifestations, characterised by neonatal-onset encephalopathy mimicking hypoxic-ischaemic insult, intractable seizure, and feeding and respiratory difficulties. It is often fatal in the early life. We report an affected 8-year-old boy, who presented with severe neurological manifestations since birth, but without clinically-significant seizure. Molybdenum cofactor deficiency must be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with unexplained encephalopathy in the newborn period, and whose neuroimaging findings are consistent with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. The classic laboratory hallmark of this disorder is low serum uric acid, positive urine sulphite dipstick test, and elevated urinary S-sulphocysteine, hypoxanthine and xanthine.
Fulltext The Osseous Pathology of Purpura Fulminans in a Two-Year-Old Child: A Case Report

Mohd-Razali S, Ahmad-Affandi K, Ibrahim S, Abdul-Rashid AH, Abdul-Shukor N

Malays Orthop J, 2023 Mar;17(1):180-183.
PMID: 37064633 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2303.021

Purpura fulminans (PF) is a severe clinical manifestation of Neisseria meningitides infection that is associated with high mortality rates in children. Survivors are frequently left with debilitating musculoskeletal sequelae. There is a paucity of reports on the musculoskeletal pathology of purpura fulminans. We report on a 2-year-old boy with purpura fulminans due to meningococcemia. The child developed distal gangrene in both the upper and lower limbs. Amputations were done for both lower limbs. Histological examination of the amputated specimens showed an inflammatory process and features of osteonecrosis. The latest follow-up at the age of 6 years showed a right knee valgus due to asymmetrical growth arrest of the proximal tibia. PF and its complications are challenging to treat and may require a multidisciplinary approach to improve patient's functional ability.
Normative data of olfactory abilities using cultural adaption Sniffin' sticks smell test in different age groups

Husain S, Hamid IA, Zahedi FD, Hamizan AKW

Saudi Med J, 2021 Nov;42(11):1209-1216.
PMID: 34732553 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210529

OBJECTIVES: To assess olfactory abilities using a culturally adapted Sniffin' Sticks smell test in different age groups.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted at Otorhinolaryngology outpatient clinic of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Secondary Science School, and Children Learning Centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from August 2019 until December 2021.
RESULTS: In 450 healthy participants, the cut-off points of the threshold discrimination identification (TDI) scores at the 10th percentile for olfactory abilities were 19 in children, 30.1 in adolescents, 32.1 in young adults, 31.1 in middle-aged adults, and 28.6 in older adults. The children had significantly lower olfactory abilities, with the Bonferroni post-hoc tests of p<0.001. The young adults had higher olfactory abilities than older adults (p<0.05). The results showed that the identification score was highest in middle-aged adults (p<0.001). The discrimination score was the highest in young adults (p<0.001). The best odor threshold performance was observed in adolescents (p<0.001). The TDI score showed a significant difference in olfactory abilities between men and women (p=0.001).
CONCLUSION: Using a culturally adapted smell test, our population was able to identify, discriminate, and perceive odorants better than the European population. This data will help clinicians and researchers with a tool to reliably establish the correct results of olfactory function in our population. Women had better olfactory abilities than men.
Quality of margarine: fats selection and processing parameters

Miskandar MS, Man YC, Yusoff MS, Rahman RA

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2005;14(4):387-95.
PMID: 16326646

Optimum processing conditions on palm oil-based formulations are required to produce the desired quality margarine. As oils and fats contribute to the overall property of the margarine, this paper will review the importance of beta' tending oils and fats in margarine formulation, effects of the processing parameters -- emulsion temperature, flow-rate, product temperature and pin-worker speed -- on palm oil margarines produced and their subsequent behaviour in storage. Palm oil, which contributes the beta' crystal polymorph and the best alternative to hydrogenated liquid fats, and the processing conditions can affect the margarine consistency by influencing the solid fat content (SFC) and the types of crystal polymorph formed during production as well as in storage. Palm oil, or hydrogenated palm oil and olein, in mixture with oils of beta tending, can veer the product to the beta' crystal form. However, merely having beta' crystal tending oils is not sufficient as the processing conditions are also important. The emulsion temperature had no significant effect on the consistency and polymorphic changes of the product during storage, even though differences were observed during processing. The consistency of margarine during storage was high at low emulsion flow-rates and low at high flow rates. The temperature of the scraped-surface tube-cooler is the most important parameter in margarine processing. High temperature will produce a hardened product with formation of beta-crystals during storage. The speed of the pin-worker is responsible for inducing crystallization but, at the same time, destroys the crystal agglomerates, resulting in melting.
Fulltext Oral bioavailability enhancement of acyclovir from solid lipid nanoparticles drug delivery system

Haniza Hassan, Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin, Ekram Alias, Meor Mohd Redzuan Meor Mohd Affandi, Siti Khadijah Adam, Rusliza Basir

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(107):2-2.
MyJurnal

Introduction:Acyclovir, a widely marketed antiviral drug is used for the treatment of Herpes Simplex infection. High doses of acyclovir are prescribed to patients to attain its maximum therapeutic effect due to its poor absorption and low oral bioavailability. The current therapeutics regiment of acyclovir are known to cause unwarranted adverse effects, thus prompted the need for a suitable drug carrier to improve the pharmacokinetic limitations. Develop-ment of solid lipid nanoparticles for oral delivery of acyclovir proposed in this study aimed to enhance acyclovir oral bioavailability. Methods: Comprehensive experiments and a series of optimization process were carried out to ensure reproducibility and assurance of product quality. The physicochemical characteristics of the solid lipid nanoparticles developed from plant-based solid lipid, Biogapress Vegetal 297 ATO with polysorbate 80 as an emul-sifying agent were also evaluated. Results: The spherical-shaped nanoparticles had an average size of 123 nm with good drug entrapment efficiency, up to 80%. The in vitro drug release study showed that solid lipid nanoparticles had prolonged acyclovir release in simulated intestinal fluid for 24 hours. The nanoparticles formulation was con-sidered stable during storage at refrigerated temperature for at least three months. In vivo oral bioavailability study showed that acyclovir-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles possessed superior oral bioavailability when compared with the commercial acyclovir suspension. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study exhibited the feasibility of solid lipid nanoparticles as an oral delivery vehicle for acyclovir and therefore represent a new promising therapeutic concept of nanoparticulate delivery system.
Fulltext Adult-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy with compound heterozygous ARSA gene mutation presented with mania and cognitive decline

Chee, Kok-Yoon, Nor Azimah Abd Azize, Norzaini Rose Mohd Zain, Ooi, Phaik-Yee, Chin. Loi-Khim, Affandi Omar

Neurology Asia, 2016;21(2):199-201.
MyJurnal

Adult-onset metachromatic leukodystrophy is often a diagnostic challenge to many clinicians. It may be presented with psychiatry symptom before other evidences of leukodystrophy are uncovered. We report a 53-year-old patient who presented with 7-year history of manic-like presentation in addition to progressive neurocognitive deterioration. Diagnosis was made eventually with neuroimaging. Mutational analysis showed compound heterozygous of ARSA gene. This case demonstrated the challenge in diagnosing this condition due to its complex neuropsychiatric presentation.
Fulltext Radiotracer injector: an industrial application (RIIA)

Noraishah, O., Mohd Arif, H., Fadil Ismail, Nurliyana Abdullah, Mior Ahmad Khusaini, Mohamad Rabaie, S., et al.

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2011;2011(2):100-104.
MyJurnal

The radiotracer injector is meant for transferring liquid radiotracer in the system for industrial radiotracer application with minimal radiation exposure to the operator. The motivation of its invention is coming from the experience of the workers who are very concern about the radiation safety while handling with the radioactive source. The idea ensuring the operation while handling the radioactive source is fast and safe without interrupting the efficiency and efficacy of the process. Thus, semi automated device assisting with pneumatic technology is applied for its invention.
3D surface roughness measurement for scaliness scoring of psoriasis lesions

Ahmad Fadzil MH, Prakasa E, Asirvadam VS, Nugroho H, Affandi AM, Hussein SH

Comput Biol Med, 2013 Nov;43(11):1987-2000.
PMID: 24054912 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.08.009

Psoriasis is an incurable skin disorder affecting 2-3% of the world population. The scaliness of psoriasis is a key assessment parameter of the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Dermatologists typically use visual and tactile senses in PASI scaliness assessment. However, the assessment can be subjective resulting in inter- and intra-rater variability in the scores. This paper proposes an assessment method that incorporates 3D surface roughness with standard clustering techniques to objectively determine the PASI scaliness score for psoriasis lesions. A surface roughness algorithm using structured light projection has been applied to 1999 3D psoriasis lesion surfaces. The algorithm has been validated with an accuracy of 94.12%. Clustering algorithms were used to classify the surface roughness measured using the proposed assessment method for PASI scaliness scoring. The reliability of the developed PASI scaliness algorithm was high with kappa coefficients>0.84 (almost perfect agreement).
Physicochemical, textural and viscoelastic properties of palm diacylglycerol bakery shortening during storage

Cheong LZ, Tan CP, Long K, Affandi Yusoff MS, Lai OM

J Sci Food Agric, 2010 Oct;90(13):2310-7.
PMID: 20661900 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4088

Diacylglycerol (DAG), which has health-enhancing properties, is sometimes added to bakery shortening to produce baked products with enhanced physical functionality. Nevertheless, the quantity present is often too little to exert any positive healthful effects. This research aimed to produce bakery shortenings containing significant amounts of palm diacyglycerol (PDG). Physicochemical, textural and viscoelastic properties of the PDG bakery shortenings during 3 months storage were evaluated and compared with those of commercial bakery shortening (CS).

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