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Managing cancer using community participatory approach

Khalib Abdul Latiff

Journal of Health Management, 2008;4(1):10-14.
MyJurnal

Researchers all over the world have continuously contributed knowledge on common human cancers and its related risks. Despite these mountains of information, the trend of cancer problems has not significantly declined and perhaps in certain occasion, it gradually increased affecting those who are previously known to be less risky'. Cancer is still identified to be one of the top leading killer worldwide and is also the main source of psychosocial burden of the community particularly to the caregiver' Its problems are expected to be further increased as human beings are constantly modified and manipulated by unpredictable and dynamic human activities and globalization phenomena. Furthermore, the current advances in cancer therapy and others clinical interventions are not always guaranteed of a permanent cure, improve survival or prognosis, sustainable compliances, prolonging life and improving quality of life, thus the mortality and its associated biological and management complications are still prevalence. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext A Study on the Absence of Palmaris Longus in a Multiracial Population

Roohi, S.A., Choon-Sian, L, Shalimar, A., Tan,G.H., Naicker, A.S.

Malays Orthop J, 2007;1(1):26-28.
MyJurnal

Palmaris longus is a dispensable muscle with a long tendon which is very useful in reconstructive surgery. It is absent 2.8 to 24% of the population depending on the race/ethnicity studied. Four hundred and fifty healthy subjects (equally distributed among Malaysia's 3 major ethnic groups) were clinically examined for the presence or absence of palmaris longus. This tendon was found to be absent unilaterally in 6.4% of study subjects, and bilaterally in 2.9% of study participants. Malays have a high prevalence of palmaris longus absence at 11.3% followed closely by Indians at 10.7% whilst Chinese had a low absence rate of 6.0%.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext A comparative study on how medical students learn about the use of abbreviations in medical practice

Farah Syazana Ahmad Shahabuddin, Nur Hazirah Ahmat, Ahmed Ikhwan Mohamad, Lau, Kit Mun, Siti Aisyah Mohd Yusof, Teh, Pei Chiek, et al.

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2015;9(2):13-21.
MyJurnal

Background: Misinterpretation of abbreviations by healthcare workers has been reported to compromise patient safety. Medical students are future doctors. We explored how early medical students acquired the practice of using abbreviations, and their ability to interpret commonly used abbreviations in medical practice.

Method: Eighty junior and 74 senior medical students were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire designed to capture demographic data; frequency and reasons for using abbreviations; from where abbreviations were learned; frequency of encountering abbreviations in medical practice; prevalence of mishaps due to misinterpretation; and the ability of students to correctly interpret commonly used abbreviations. Comparisons were made between senior and junior medical students.

Results: Abbreviation use was highly prevalent among junior and senior medical students. They acquired the habit mainly from the clinical notes of doctors in the hospital. They used abbreviations mainly to save time, space and avoid writing in full sentences. The students experienced difficulties, frustrations and often resorted to guesswork when interpreting abbreviations; with junior students experiencing these more than senior students. The latter were better at interpreting standard and non-standard abbreviations. Nevertheless, the students felt the use of abbreviations was necessary and acceptable. Only a few students reported encountering mishaps in patient management as a result of misinterpretation of abbreviations.

Conclusion: Medical students acquired the habit of using abbreviations early in their training. Senior students knew more and correctly interpreted more standard and non-standard abbreviations compared to junior students. Medical students should be taught to use standard abbreviations only.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Prevalence of high blood sugar, high cholesterol and high blood pressure among participants of a country-wide workplace health screening program in Malaysia

Jefferelli Shamsul Bahrin, Hanifah Bujang, Nizam Jemoin

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2011;8(2):15-18.
MyJurnal

There is a high prevalence of chronic diseases in the community. Promoting health at the workplace is an effective measure to manage such diseases. This study shares the findings of country-wide company health screening program. The prevalence of high cholesterol among participants was 29 %, high blood pressure was 8% and high blood sugar was 3%. The prevalence of high cholesterol from workplace screening was higher than the community prevalence but the prevalence of high blood pressure and high blood sugar was lower than the community prevalence. The various factors influencing these findings are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Placenta Praevia: Preach and Perception

Tan, KC, Chuah, CY, Fong, KY, Phang, SL, Nor Azlin, M.I.

Medicine & Health, 2007;2(2):139-145.
MyJurnal

Placenta praevia is a known obstetric condition that causes complications to mother and fetus. This study was done to evaluate the knowledge of placenta praevia amongst the obstetric patients. A cross sectional study was carried out in Hospital Ipoh, Perak among 323 antenatal and postnatal patients. Socio-demographic parameters (ie age, race, parity, occupation, educational level) and history of placenta praevia were studied in relation to level of knowledge and attitude towards placenta praevia. Twenty (6.2%) from 323 women had current or past history of placenta praevia. Three had history of placenta praevia while 17 had current placenta praevia with prevalence of 5.3%. The mean score of knowledge achieved by patients was 11.8 which indicated overall poor knowledge. Occupation, level of education and history of placenta praevia were found to have a relationship with level of knowledge regarding placenta praevia in all obstetric patients. There was a significant relationship between attitude of patients with current and history of placenta praevia to level of knowledge regarding placenta praevia. (p=0.037,

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext A survey of knowledge and perceptions of menopause among young to middle-aged women in Federal Territory, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Wong, L.P., Nur Liyana, A.H.

JUMMEC, 2007;10(2):22-30.
MyJurnal

Prevalence and signs and symptoms of menopause have been extensively studied among Malaysian women but no one had investigated the level of knowledge and perception of menopause. This study aimed to examine the knowledge and perception of menopause among young to middle aged women (15 to 49 years old). A cross-sectional survey using 20-items questionnaire was conducted in three randomly chosen districts in Federal Territory, Kuala Lumpur. Women in this survey were aware of the meaning of the term menopause and its symptoms. However, the majority lacked comprehensive understanding about the health risks associated with menopause. Commonly cited sources of knowledge were magazines and family members. Lack of official sources for accurate information on menopause was reported. Communication with health care personnel regarding menopause was uncommon. An exploration into respondents' perceptions on menopause revealed that the majority displayed positive thinking towards menopause. Young respondents seemed to have better perception regarding menopause compared to middle aged women. Although the women had good knowledge about menopause, they expressed feelings of sadness and nervousness upon the approach of their own menopause. Our data provides insight on the knowledge and perception of menopause that will guide future public health initiatives for premenopausal women in order for them to cope better when approaching this stage of life cycle.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in rodents in Peninsular Malaysia

Ambu, Stephen, Yin, Evelyn Synn Yeoh, Joon, Wah Mak, Chakravarthi, Srikumar

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2011;5(2):29-38.
MyJurnal

The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of Sarcocystis infection in wild and peri-urban rodents in some states in Peninsular Malaysia. The thigh muscle from these rodents were formalin preserved, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy. Of the 146 muscle tissue examined only 73 were positive for Sarcocystis infection.
Morphological identification showed the presence of some new morphological types to be present. Different species of Sarcocystis were seen in the sections but more extensive studies are needed to identify them to species level.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Prevalence of depression in adolescents living in residential homes in Perak, Malaysia and its association with socio-demographic and personal factors

Wan Salwina, W.I., Arunakiri, M., Chea, Y.C., Ng C.G.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2014;23(2):40-51.
MyJurnal

There have been concerns about the growing number of children living in residential homes in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of depression and its association with the socio-demographic, personal characteristics and coping skills of adolescents residing in fourteen residential homes in Kinta Valley, Perak. A total of 235 adolescents participated in the study. They completed a self-report questionnaire gathering socio-demographic and personal factors, the Adolescent Coping Scale (ACS) and were assessed for presence of depression using The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescents (MINI Kid). The prevalence of depression was found to be 9.8 %, with 43% of the participants had history of being abused. Emotional abuse (OR=25.95, CI=4.51-149.43) and maintaining contact with parents (OR=0.02, CI=0.003- 0.10) were significant factors associated with being depressed. Depression is common among adolescents living in the residential homes. Detecting depression and understanding factors associated with depression allows appropriate management and intervention strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Close contact investigation of TB in high-burden, low- and middle-income countries

Pang YK

Malays Fam Physician, 2014;9(2):11-17.
PMID: 25893066 MyJurnal

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a very common disease in most of the low- and middle-income countries. As a result of high disease burden, TB control measures in these countries are usually concentrated on intensifying active disease case-finding and early treatment of infectious TB. On the contrary, in countries with low disease burden, the focus is on contact investigation to identify latently infected individuals and prophylactically treating them to prevent disease reactivation and transmission. These two strategies are deemed important for the effective TB control. Nonetheless, WHO cautions that targeted contact investigation and latent TB infection (LTBI) treatment should only be undertaken by countries that have the operational capacity/ resources and have achieved ≥ 85% treatment success rate of active TB. The screening of LTBI is further challenged by the lack of a “gold standard” test to identify and validate individuals with this condition. Tuberculin skin test (TST) is still the preferred investigation as it is cheap, widely available and validated in many trials. The sensitivity and specificity of the newer test—interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for LTBI screening has been encouraging in low prevalence countries. However, the evidence supporting such usage remains uncertain in high burden settings. Diagnosis of LTBI should adhere to the strict criteria outlined in the guidelines to avoid misdiagnosing active TB as LTBI. The treatment of the latter involved only one or two anti-TB drugs. It has been demonstrated that in the properly conducted contact screening and LTBI treatment, chances of the emergence of multi-drug-resistant TB is very low.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Prevalence and duration of reasons for enteral nutrition feeding interruption in a tertiary intensive care unit

Lee ZY, Ibrahim NA, Mohd-Yusof BN

Nutrition, 2018 09;53:26-33.
PMID: 29627715 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.11.014

OBJECTIVES: Intensive care unit (ICU) enteral nutrition (EN) can involve frequent feeding interruption (FI). The prevalence, causes, and duration of such interruption were investigated.
METHODS: Reasons for EN FI identified from extensive literature review were prospectively collected in adult mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Results were reported by descriptive statistics. Baseline and nutritional characteristics between patients who died and those alive at day 60 were compared.
RESULTS: A total of 148 patients receiving ≥1 day of EN for the full 12-day observational period were included in the analysis. About 332 episodes of EN FI were recorded and contributed to 12.8% (4190 hours) of the total 1367 evaluable nutrition days. For each patient, FI occurred for a median of 3 days and the total duration of FI for the entire ICU stay was 24.5 hours. Median energy and protein deficits per patient due to FI for the entire ICU stay were -1780.23 kcal and -100.58 g, respectively. Duration of FI, days with FI, and the amount of energy and protein deficits due to FI were not different between patients who had died and those who were still alive at day 60 (all P > 0.05). About 72% of the total duration of EN FI was due to procedural-related and potentially avoidable causes (primarily human factors), while only about 20% was due to feeding intolerances.
CONCLUSIONS: EN FI occurred primarily due to human factors, which may be minimized by adherence to an evidence-based feeding protocol as determined by a nutrition support team.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Epidemiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Southern Peninsular Malaysia

Pang P, Ng YS, Sidhu J, Kok M

Med J Malaysia, 2018 04;73(2):86-89.
PMID: 29703871 MyJurnal

AIM: To record the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), its social demographics, clinical characteristics and treatment, in the state of Johor, Malaysia.
METHODS: Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, is the only public hospital in Johor with a Gastroenterology service. Data on all existing and new IBD patients managed by the Gastroenterology Unit in 2016 were collected. Incidence and prevalence of IBD in 2016 were then calculated based on the estimated population of Johor and Johor Bahru.
RESULTS: Twenty-five new cases of IBD were diagnosed in 2016. Among the 25 cases, 13 cases were Crohn's disease (CD), 10 were ulcerative colitis (UC) and two were IBD Unclassified (IBDU). The crude incidence of IBD, CD, UC and IBDU were 0.68, 0.36, 0.27, and 0.05 per 100,000 population respectively. Ethnic Indians had the highest incidence of IBD at 4.21 followed by Malays and Chinese at 0.56 and 0.18 per 100,000 population respectively. A total of 156 IBD cases were captured. Amongst them, 85 cases were UC, 68 cases were CD and three cases were IBDU, hence the prevalence of IBD, UC, CD and IBDU were 4.27, 2.33, 1.86 and 0.08 per 100,000 population respectively. Similarly, Indians had the highest prevalence at 16.84, followed by Chinese at 4.06 and Malays at 3.44 per 100,000 population.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of IBD in Johor is comparable to that of a previous study in northern Peninsular Malaysia. The ethnicity preponderance is similar to the previous studies conducted in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Discrepancy in the accuracy of vision screening program performed by allied health personnel in a preschool

Nurul Farhana Abu Bakar, Ai-Hong Chen

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(103):151-158.
MyJurnal

The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of allied health personnel, after attending a training programme, in conducting vision screening for preschool children. A total of 43 allied health personnel (20 assistant medical officers (AMOs) and 23 nurses) attended a two-day training program prior to conducting vision screening for preschool children. Vision screening was conducted among 136 preschool children using four similar HOTV visual acuity chart at 6 m. The cut-off referral criterion for visual acuity (VA) testing was 6/9 or worse in either eye. All children were referred to two qualified optometrists for a comprehensive eye examination. The accuracy was based on the sensitivity and specificity of screening by each group of personnel. The overall prevalence of reduced VA in the studied population was about 10%. The sensitivity and specificity of vision screening performed by AMOs were 100% and 98% respectively while that performed by nurses were 56% and 94% respectively. Thus, there were discrepancies in the sensitivity of visual acuity testing despite them being conducted by healthcare providers with similar background and training. This suggests that their performance might be influenced by factors other than their professional training.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext A review of hypertension in Nigeria and the 'Rule of halves'

Ahmed Dahiru Balami, Musa Mohammed Baba

Journal of Advanced Review on Scientific Research, 2017;34(1):1-10.
MyJurnal

Hypertension is a condition associated with adverse vascular complications. Its
prevalence is on the increase globally and same is true for Nigeria. Very few studies
have assessed the prevalence, awareness, treatment and blood pressure control
among hypertensive patients in Nigeria. The few available studies generally show
figures less than 50% for all the three indicators of success with regards to
hypertension. These studies are however deficient in their coverage, country
representativeness and methodology, and as such, they fail to provide the evidence
for which conclusions can be drawn. There is need to intensify blood pressure
screening at both hospital and community levels. More comprehensive research with
wider coverage and sound methodologies are also needed to determine those
associated factors and to discover better treatment options for hypertension in
Nigeria. These findings would guide health promotion activities and policy making.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Prevalence, symptom severity and risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders among dental therapists in Malaysia. [Abstract]

Faizah Abdul Karim, Ishak Abdul Razak

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):16.
MyJurnal

Conference abstract: First IIUM International Dental Conference 2017 [ABSTRACT ID: 73, Oral]
Introduction: Dental therapists are one of the main dental workforce in Malaysia and are exposed to various risk factors of MSD. However, studies on MSD among dental therapists are limited. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, the sites affected, the symptom severity, the impact, the risk factors and the association between individual, biomechanical, physical and psychosocial risk factors with prevalence of MSD among dental therapists.
Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted using self-administered questionnaire which was distributed to all dental therapists in Perak, Terengganu and Kuala Lumpur in February 2017, from which a response rate of 89.2% was achieved.
Results: There was a high prevalence of MSD (87.5%) among the respondents. The MSD was found to be affecting mainly the back (69.7%), neck (66.7%), shoulders (58.7%) and wrists/hands (50.2%) while MSD of the elbow and lower extremities was found to more severe and often affect their daily work. Most of the respondents who reported MSD accommodated their own symptoms with analgesics or sought alternative treatment (20.1%). Majority reported that they often used vibratory instruments (76.1%), involved in biomechanical risk activities, and perceived that they have a high job demand and lack of authority to make decisions related to work. Age (OR: 3.58; 95% CI: 1.644, 7.773), number of extractions (OR: 4.69; 95% CI: 1.348, 16.327) as well as psychosocial factors (OR: 4.05; 95% CI: 1.547, 10.613) were significantly associated with prevalence of MSD.
Conclusion(s): Therefore, preventive measures should be implemented to reduce the burden of MSD.
KEYWORDS: musculoskeletal disorders, dental therapist, impact, symptom severity, risk factor

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn and Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction Due to Kidd antibody in Hospital Umum Sarawak, Malaysia

Irni Mohd Yasin, Narazah Mohd Yusoff, Afifah Hassan, Muhammad Masrin Md. Zahrin

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 2017;2(202):26-27.
MyJurnal

Haemolytic Disease of Foetus and Newborn (HDFN) and Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction (HTR) may occur due to antibodies against Kidd antigen. In Malaysia, the prevalence of RBC alloimmunization due to Kidd antibody for cases of HDFN and HTR have been reported [1-2] however there is insufficient data in Hospital Umum Sarawak (HUS).The aim of this study is to determine whether Kidd alloimmunization causes HDFN and HTR. Indirectly categorize Kidd phenotype blood in regular blood donors.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Evaluation of Resting Tongue Position in Recently Extracted and Long Term Completely Edentulous Patients: A Prospective Interventional Study

Rajeshwari K, Kohli S, Mathew XK

J Clin Diagn Res, 2017 Apr;11(4):ZC61-ZC63.
PMID: 28571264 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2017/23709.9683

INTRODUCTION: Presence of abnormal resting tongue position can lead to poor denture retention and stability. The prevalence of retracted tongue position has been found to be higher in partially edentulous subjects compared to dentate subjects and is greatest in completely edentulous individuals.
AIM: To evaluate resting tongue position in recently extracted and long term completely edentulous patients, and to evaluate the efficacy of achieving retracted tongue position by simple modification in complete denture along with certain tongue exercises.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 62 study subjects were classified into two groups based on duration of edentulousness. Group A: Recently extracted completely edentulous subjects (<1 year), Group B: Long term completely edentulous subjects (>1-10 year). The patients with retracted tongue position were subjected to a simple modification in complete denture along with inclusion of certain tongue exercises. After eight months patients were recalled and evaluated. The data was analysed using SPSS statistical tests like mean, standard deviation, proportion, Chi square test and McNemar Test.
RESULTS: Among the study subjects, 54.9% had retracted tongue position. Group B showed high proportion of retracted tongue position (68.8%) as compared to Group A. After the intervention, 42.8% study subjects gained normal resting tongue position.
CONCLUSION: Long term completely edentulous subjects presented retracted tongue position in higher percentage when compared to the recently extracted group. The interventional method employed for the subjects with retracted tongue position, played a significant role to assume normal resting tongue position and showed improvement in denture stability and retention.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in medical students of Universiti Teknologi MARA

Mohd Zain Z, Johari MF, Mohd Husin NS, Rozman NS, Ab Rashid A, Bahanuddin L, et al.

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2017;2(1):29-34.
MyJurnal

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage and detection of S. aureus leukotoxins among medical students of Universiti Teknologi MARA. Methods: Both sides of the anterior nares of 136 volunteers, comprising 68 preclinical and 68 clinical medical students, were swabbed and immediately cultured onto mannitol salt agar for growth of S. aureus. Standard microbiological techniques were conducted to identify and confirm the S. aureus colonies and susceptibility test against oxacillin were conducted by using Kirby-Bauer method to determine their resistance to methicillin. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for detection of leukotoxins, i.e., Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and -haemolysin genes. Results: Nineteen students (14%) consisting of 10 preclinical (14.7%) and 9 clinical (13.2%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus. However, none of the S. aureus isolates were MRSA. No PVL gene was detected but eight of them were positive for -haemolysin gene. Conclusion: There were no MRSA nasal carriers among the medical students, but a low prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriers was detected. These carriers do not pose as high risk because none of the strains of S. aureus possess both the -haemolysin toxin and the PVL toxin that are associated with tissue necrosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Work-related carpal tunnel syndrome among computer users – a review of the associated risk factors and intervention strategies

Sethu, V.S.

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2015;12(2):15-22.
MyJurnal

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders of the upper limb (WRMSDs-UL) account for one of the largest types of occupational disorders worldwide. This broad term includes several disorders, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, tension neck syndrome and lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) which are generally caused by poor postures, repetitive strain and psychosocial factors. Various workplace interventions have been investigated and employed to prevent the different WRMSDs-UL, but a common consensus to address the problem has yet to be achieved. This paper reviews and discusses the efficacies of some interventions which have been tested for the most prevalent type of WRMSDs-UL, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The focus will be on computer users who developed CTS out of the prolonged and repetitive use of keyboards and pointing devices. The interventions studied include engineering design, management strategies, personal development, medical treatment and multi-dimensional approaches. Outcome of the study reveals that the most effective approach would be one that is multi-dimensional in nature, with the inclusion of at least two or more intervention strategies at the same time.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext The diagnostic conundrum: neuropsychiatry manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus

Panirselvam RR, Ramly SS, Harun NA

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2016;25(1):80-85.
MyJurnal

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a debilitating and chronic autoimmune disease which strikes insidiously. The disease currently has a prevalence of 43/ 100 000 individuals in Malaysia. The presentation of the disease is varied resulting in delay in diagnosis and onset of complications prior to management. The disease commonly presents as joint pain and cutaneous manifestations. Neuropsychiatric presentation accounts for 24% of symptoms during onset of illness. This case report highlights that we encountered a patient who presented with neuropsychiatric manifestations, whereby the patient was managed for the psychiatric symptoms prior to the organic diagnosis being made.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence
Fulltext Acquired Hemophilia in a Patient Presenting with Swollen Left Limb

Kiam GWP

Korean J Fam Med, 2019 Mar;40(2):129-132.
PMID: 30001614 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.17.0126

Acquired hemophilia is a rare, potentially life-threatening disease that usually remains under-recognized especially in a primary setting; thus, diagnosing this disease is very challenging. Given its prevalence in elderly patients, awareness and diagnosis of this condition in the aging population (particularly those with unexplained bleeding or prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time) should be improved and better managed by the clinicians. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are usually effective in preventing the adverse outcomes of this disease. In this report, we discuss a case of an elderly patient with acquired hemophilia who initially presented with swelling of his lower left limb. The diagnosis of acquired hemophilia was made a month after the appearance of symptoms. Early diagnosis with proper treatment could have been provided to this patient, if the initial assessment had been thoroughly conducted.

Matched MeSH terms: Prevalence

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