Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 931 in total

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  1. Fulltext Rapid diagnosis of leptospirosis by multiplex PCR
    Ahmed SA, Sandai DA, Musa S, Hoe CH, Riadzi M, Lau KL, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2012 Jul;19(3):9-16.
    PMID: 23610544 MyJurnal
    Traditionally, the most common diagnostic approach used for diagnosing leptospirosis was the demonstration of immune-seroconversion in acute and convalescent patient serum samples. Recently, a variety of molecular techniques, including conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have been developed for the specific detection of pathogenic bacteria from the genus Leptospira. PCR is a sensitive, specific, and rapid technique that has been successfully used to detect several microorganisms; including those of clinical significance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria
  2. Molecular characterization of anaerobic sulfur-oxidizing microbial communities in up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating municipal sewage
    Aida AA, Hatamoto M, Yamamoto M, Ono S, Nakamura A, Takahashi M, et al.
    J Biosci Bioeng, 2014 Nov;118(5):540-5.
    PMID: 24930844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.04.011
    A novel wastewater treatment system consisting of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor with sulfur-redox reaction was developed for treatment of municipal sewage under low-temperature conditions. In the UASB reactor, a novel phenomenon of anaerobic sulfur oxidation occurred in the absence of oxygen, nitrite and nitrate as electron acceptors. The microorganisms involved in anaerobic sulfur oxidation have not been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we studied the microbial communities existing in the UASB reactor that probably enhanced anaerobic sulfur oxidation. Sludge samples collected from the UASB reactor before and after sulfur oxidation were used for cloning and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of the 16S rRNA genes of the bacterial and archaeal domains. The microbial community structures of bacteria and archaea indicated that the genus Smithella and uncultured bacteria within the phylum Caldiserica were the dominant bacteria groups. Methanosaeta spp. was the dominant group of the domain archaea. The T-RFLP analysis, which was consistent with the cloning results, also yielded characteristic fingerprints for bacterial communities, whereas the archaeal community structure yielded stable microbial community. From these results, it can be presumed that these major bacteria groups, genus Smithella and uncultured bacteria within the phylum Caldiserica, probably play an important role in sulfur oxidation in UASB reactors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria/classification; Bacteria/genetics; Bacteria/isolation & purification*
  3. Fulltext Phenol removal via cellular immobilization: a review
    Aisami Abubakar, Mohd Yunus Shukor
    Bioremediation Science and Technology Research, 2017;5(2):1-7.
    MyJurnal
    Environmental pollution is one of the major concerns in the 21st century; where billions of tonnes
    of harmful chemicals are produced by industries such as petroleum, paints, food, rubber, and
    plastic. Phenol and its derivatives infiltrate the ecosystems and have become one of the top major
    pollutants worldwide. This review covers the major aspects of immobilization of phenoldegrading
    bacteria as a method to improve phenol bioremediation. The use of various forms of
    immobilization matrices is discussed along with the advantages and disadvantages of each of the
    immobilization matrices especially when environmental usage is warranted. To be used as a
    bioremediation tool, the immobilized system must not only be effective, but the matrices must be
    non-toxic, non-polluting and if possible non-biodegradable. The mechanical, biological and
    chemical stability of the system is paramount for long-term activity as well as price is an
    important factor when the very large scale is a concern. The system must also be able to tolerate
    high concentration of other toxicants especially heavy metals that form as co-contaminants, and
    most immobilized systems are geared towards this last aspect as immobilization provides
    protection from other contaminants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria
  4. Fulltext Expression and purification of soluble recombinant GST-Tagged BPSL2774 protein from Burkholderia Pseudomallei K96243
    Aisyah Mohamed Rehan, Hanisah Ujang, Siti Marhamah Drahaman, Nor Azurah Mat Akhir, Noraslinda Muhamad Bunnor, Mohd Firdaus Raih
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(11):33-33.
    MyJurnal
    Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an
    infectious disease endemic in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Cases have been
    reported in Pahang, Johor Bahru and Kedah. The disease is difficult to combat as B.
    pseudomallei has shown resistance to various antibiotics and much is still not understood
    about its pathogenicity. It is suggested that investigating the bacterium hypothetical
    proteins may provide potential new targets for the development of antimicrobials. The
    gene of interest in this study, BPSL2774, encoding BPSL2774 hypothetical protein, is a
    target gene that was predicted as essential using transposon-directed insertion site
    sequencing technique (TraDIS). We aimed to express and purify soluble GST-tagged
    BPSL2774 protein at sufficient concentration for future functional assays. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria
  5. Gut bacteria of animals/pests living in polluted environments are a potential source of antibacterials
    Akbar N, Siddiqui R, Sagathevan KA, Khan NA
    Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2019 May;103(10):3955-3964.
    PMID: 30941460 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09783-2
    The morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial infections have remained significant despite chemotherapeutic advances. With the emergence of drug-resistant bacterial strains, the situation has become a serious threat to the public health. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel antibacterials. The majority of antibiotics available in the market are produced by bacteria isolated from soil. However, the low-hanging fruit has been picked; hence, there is a need to mine bacteria from unusual sources. With this in mind, it is important to note that animals and pests such as cockroaches, snake, crocodiles, and water monitor lizard come across pathogenic bacteria regularly, yet flourish in contaminated environments. These species must have developed methods to defend themselves to counter pathogens. Although the immune system is known to possess antiinfective properties, gut bacteria of animals/pests may also offer a potential source of novel antibacterial agents, and it is the subject of this study. This paper discusses our current knowledge of bacteria isolated from land and marine animals with antibacterial properties and to propose untapped sources for the isolation of bacteria to mine potentially novel antibiotic molecules.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification*; Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism*; Bacteria/isolation & purification*; Bacteria/metabolism*
  6. Gut bacteria of cockroaches are a potential source of antibacterial compound(s)
    Akbar N, Siddiqui R, Iqbal M, Sagathevan K, Khan NA
    Lett Appl Microbiol, 2018 May;66(5):416-426.
    PMID: 29457249 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12867
    Here, we hypothesized that the microbial gut flora of animals/pests living in polluted environments, produce substances to thwart bacterial infections. The overall aim of this study was to source microbes inhabiting unusual environmental niches for potential antimicrobial activity. Two cockroach species, Gromphadorhina portentosa (Madagascar) and Blaptica dubia (Dubia) were selected. The gut bacteria from these species were isolated and grown in RPMI 1640 and conditioned media were prepared. Conditioned media were tested against a panel of Gram-positive (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli K1, Salmonella enterica, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria, as well as the protist pathogen, Acanthamoeba castellanii. The results revealed that the gut bacteria of cockroaches produce active molecule(s) with potent antibacterial properties, as well as exhibit antiamoebic effects. However, heat-inactivation at 95°C for 10 min had no effect on conditioned media-mediated antibacterial and antiamoebic properties. These results suggest that bacteria from novel sources i.e. from the cockroach's gut produce molecules with bactericidal as well as amoebicidal properties that can ultimately lead to the development of therapeutic drugs.

    SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The bacteria isolated from unusual dwellings such as the cockroaches' gut are a useful source of antibacterial and antiamoebal molecules. These are remarkable findings that will open several avenues in our search for novel antimicrobials from unique sources. Furthermore studies will lead to the identification of molecules to develop future antibacterials from insects.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects*; Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects*
  7. Gut bacteria of animals living in polluted environments exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activities
    Akbar N, Siddiqui R, Sagathevan K, Khan NA
    Int Microbiol, 2020 Nov;23(4):511-526.
    PMID: 32124096 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00123-3
    Infectious diseases, in particular bacterial infections, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality posing a global threat to human health. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has exacerbated the problem further. Hence, there is a need to search for novel sources of antibacterials. Herein, we explored gut bacteria of a variety of animals living in polluted environments for their antibacterial properties against multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. A variety of species were procured including invertebrate species, Blaptica dubia (cockroach), Gromphadorhina portentosa (cockroach), Scylla serrata (crab), Grammostola rosea (tarantula), Scolopendra subspinipes (centipede) and vertebrate species including Varanus salvator (water monitor lizard), Malayopython reticulatus (python), Cuora amboinensis (tortoise), Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia fish), Rattus rattus (rat), Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken) and Lithobates catesbeianus (frog). Gut bacteria of these animals were isolated and identified using microbiological, biochemical, analytical profiling index (API) and through molecluar identification using 16S rRNA sequencing. Bacterial conditioned media (CM) were prepared and tested against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria as well as human cells (HaCaT). The results revealed that CM exhibited significant broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Upon heat inactivation, CM retained their antibacterial properties suggesting that this effect may be due to secondary metabolites or small peptides. CM showed minimal cytotoxicity against human cells. These findings suggest that gut bacteria of animals living in polluted environments produce broad-spectrum antibacterial molecule(s). The molecular identity of the active molecule(s) together with their mode of action is the subject of future studies which could lead to the rational development of novel antibacterial(s).
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*; Bacteria/drug effects*; Bacteria/metabolism*; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/physiology
  8. Fulltext Virtual Screening and ADMET Prediction to Uncover the Potency of Flavonoids from Genus Erythrina as Antibacterial Agent through Inhibition of Bacterial ATPase DNA Gyrase B
    Akili AWR, Hardianto A, Latip J, Permana A, Herlina T
    Molecules, 2023 Dec 08;28(24).
    PMID: 38138500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248010
    The emergence of antimicrobial resistance due to the widespread and inappropriate use of antibiotics has now become the global health challenge. Flavonoids have long been reported to be a potent antimicrobial agent against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms in vitro. Therefore, new antibiotics development based on flavonoid structures could be a potential strategy to fight against antibiotic-resistant infections. This research aims to screen the potency of flavonoids of the genus Erythrina as an inhibitor of bacterial ATPase DNA gyrase B. From the 378 flavonoids being screened, 49 flavonoids show potential as an inhibitor of ATPase DNA gyrase B due to their lower binding affinity compared to the inhibitor and ATP. Further screening for their toxicity, we identified 6 flavonoids from these 49 flavonoids, which are predicted to have low toxicity. Among these flavonoids, erystagallin B (334) is predicted to have the best pharmacokinetic properties, and therefore, could be further developed as new antibacterial agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria/metabolism
  9. Fulltext Molecular detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) isolates in raw chicken meat
    Aklilu, E., Nurhardy, A.D., Mokhtar, A., Zahirul, I.K., Siti Rokiah, A.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(1):322-325.
    MyJurnal
    Multi-drug resistant staphylococci including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    (MRSA) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) are among the emerging
    pathogens and have become a threat to both human and animals. Foods of animal origin can
    easily be contaminated by these bacteria if handled unhygienically or exposed to contaminated
    environmental surfaces. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of MRSA
    and MRSE in raw chicken meat sold at wet markets in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. One
    hundred fresh raw chicken meat samples were collected from three different wet markets in
    Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Routine isolation and identification, selective media (Brilliance MRSA2
    agar), antimicrobial sensitivity test (AST), minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC), and
    polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of nucA gene and the resistant gene, mecA
    were conducted. Based on bacteriology results and growth on selective media, MRSA and
    MRSE were detected in 43% (43/100) of the raw chicken meat samples. Using the PCR assay,
    77% (34/43) isolates were positive for nucA gene. The detection of these emerging multidrug
    resistant bacteria in chicken meat intended for human consumption implies the potential
    contamination of food items by the bacteria which in turn may pose risk to the public health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria
  10. Control of microbiologically influenced corrosion using ultraviolet radiation
    Akrima Abu Bakar, Muhammad Khairool Fahmy Mohd Ali, Norhazilan Md. Noor, Nordin Yahaya, Mardhiah Ismail, Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1323-1331.
    Baram Delta Operation had been producing oil and gas since 1960's and serious pipelines failure was reported in the year of 2005. The final investigation has concluded that one of the species of bacteria that has been identified to cause microbiologically influenced corrosion, specifically known as sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was found to be one of the potential contributing factors to the incidents. This work investigates the potential use of ultraviolet (UV) radiation to inhibit the SRB consortium that was cultivated from the crude oil in one of the main trunk lines at Baram Delta Operation, Sarawak, Malaysia. The impact of UV exposure to bio-corrosion conditions on carbon steel coupon in certain samples for 28 days was discussed in this study. The samples were exposed to UV radiation based on variations of parameters, namely: time of UV exposure; and power of UV lamp. The significant changes on the amount of turbidity reading and metal loss of the steel coupon were recorded before and after experiment. The results showed that SRB growth has reduced rapidly for almost 90% after the UV exposure for both parameters as compared to the abiotic samples. Metal loss values were also decreased in certain exposure condition. Additionally, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was performed to observe the biofilm layer formed on the metal surface after its exposure to SRB. The evidence suggested that the efficiency of UV treatment against SRB growth could be influenced by the particular factors studied
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria
  11. Isolation and identification of antagonistic bacteria from phylloplane of rice as biocontrol agents for sheath blight
    Akter S, Kadir J, Juraimi AS, Saud HM, Elmahdi S
    J Environ Biol, 2014 Nov;35(6):1095-100.
    PMID: 25522511
    A total of 325 bacteria were isolated from both healthy and sheath blight infected leaf samples of rice plants, collected from different places of Malaysia, following dilution technique. Sheath blight pathogen was isolated from infected samples by tissue plating method. Out of 325, 14 isolates were found to be antagonist against the pathogen in pre evaluation test. All the 14 isolates were morphologically characterized. Antagonistic activity of these isolates was further confirmed by adopting the standard dual culture and extracellular metabolite tests. The best isolates were selected, based on the results. In dual culture test, the selected bacterial isolates KMB25, TMB33, PMB38, UMB20 and BMB42 showed 68.44%, 60.89%, 60.22%, 50.00% and 48.22% fungal growth inhibition, respectively and in extracellular metabolite test these bacterial isolates exhibited 93.33%, 84.26%, 69.82%, 67.96% and 39.26% of the same, respectively. Biochemical tests of selected isolates were performed following standard procedure. These bacterial isolates were tentatively identified as fluorescent pseudomonas by morphological and biochemical characterization. The identities were further confirmed by Biolog microstation system as P. fluorescens (UMB20), P. aeruginosa (KMB25, TMB33 and PMB38) and P. asplenii (BMB42) with similarity index ranging from 0.517 to 0.697. The effective bacterial isolates obtained from the present study can be used in the management of soil borne fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, causing sheath blight of rice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria/classification*
  12. Exploring the potential of halotolerant bacteria for biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
    Al Farraj DA, Hadibarata T, Yuniarto A, Alkufeidy RM, Alshammari MK, Syafiuddin A
    Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 2020 Dec;43(12):2305-2314.
    PMID: 32812060 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02415-4
    The present study aimed to determine the degradation and transformation of three-ring PAHs phenanthrene and anthracene by Cryptococcus sp. MR22 and Halomonas sp. BR04 under halophilic conditions. The growth progress of Cryptococcus sp. MR22 and Halomonas sp. BR04 on anthracene and phenanthrene was monitored by colony-forming unit (CFU) technique. The growth of the bacteria was maintained at a maximum concentration of 200 mg/L of all tested hydrocarbon, indicating that Cryptococcus sp. MR22 and Halomonas sp. BR04 significantly perform in the removal of the PAH-contaminated medium at low concentrations. The fit model to represent the biodegradation kinetics of both PAHs was first-order rate equation The extract prepared from cells supplemented with three different substrates exhibited some enzymes such as hydroxylase, dioxygenase, laccase and peroxidase. The results suggest that both strains had an impressive ability in the degradation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon but also could tolerate in the extreme salinity condition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria/metabolism*
  13. Characterization of pyrene and chrysene degradation by halophilic Hortaea sp. B15
    Al Farraj DA, Hadibarata T, Yuniarto A, Syafiuddin A, Surtikanti HK, Elshikh MS, et al.
    Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 2019 Jun;42(6):963-969.
    PMID: 30888502 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02096-8
    Polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous and toxic pollutants that are dangerous to humans and living organism in aquatic environment. Normally, PAHs has lower molecular weight such as phenanthrene and naphthalene that are easy and efficient to degrade, but high-molecular-weight PAHs such as chrysene and pyrene are difficult to be biodegraded by common microorganism. This study investigated the isolation and characterization of a potential halophilic bacterium capable of utilizing two high-molecular-weight PAHs. At the end of the experiment (25-30 days of incubation), bacterial counts have reached a maximum level (over 40 × 1016 CFU/mL). The highest biodegradation rate of 77% of chrysene in 20 days and 92% of pyrene in 25 days was obtained at pH 7, temperature 25 °C, agitation of 150 rpm and Tween 80 surfactant showing to be the most impressive parameters for HMWPAHs biodegradation in this research. The metabolism of initial compounds revealed that Hortaea sp. B15 utilized pyrene to form phthalic acid while chrysene was metabolized to form 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. The result showed that Hortaea sp. B15 can be promoted for the study of in situ biodegradation of high molecular weight PAH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria/growth & development*
  14. Fulltext Antibiotic resistance before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study
    Al Sulayyim H, Ismail R, Al Hamid A, Mohammed B, Abdul Ghafar N
    J Infect Dev Ctries, 2024 Mar 31;18(3):371-382.
    PMID: 38635620 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.19071
    INTRODUCTION: Prevalence of antibiotic resistance (AR) during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was higher than pre-pandemic times. This study determined the prevalence and patterns of AR among Gram-positive and negative bacteria before, during and after COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia and identified the associated factors.

    METHODOLOGY: A retrospective cross-sectional study was employed to identify patients with positive AR bacteria between March 2019 and March 2022. The bacterial isolates and patients' data were identified from laboratory and medical records departments retrospectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with AR and deaths. Multinominal logistic regression was applied to confirm the factors associated with AR classification.

    RESULTS: AR Gram-negative bacteria decreased during and after the pandemic. However, S. aureus showed a negligible increase in resistance rate after pandemic, while E. faecium, recorded a higher-than-average resistance rate during the pandemic. The prevalence of pan drug resistance (PDR) during the pandemic (85.7%) was higher than before (0%) and after (14.3%), p = 0.001. The length of stay and time were significant predictors for AR classification. The odds of multi drug resistance (MDR) development to PDR during the pandemic were 6 times higher than before and after (OR = 6.133, CI =, p = 0.020). Age, nationality, COVID-19 infection, smoking, liver disease, and type and number of bacteria were associated with death of patients with positive AR.

    CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are recommended to explore the prevalence of PDR and to justify the increased rates of E. faecium AR during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
  15. Synthesis, antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of new fused pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine derivatives from new 5-aminopyrazoles
    Al-Adiwish WM, Tahir MI, Siti-Noor-Adnalizawati A, Hashim SF, Ibrahim N, Yaacob WA
    Eur J Med Chem, 2013 Jun;64:464-76.
    PMID: 23669354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.029
    New 5-aminopyrazoles 2a-c were prepared in high yields from the reaction of known α,α-dicyanoketene-N,S-acetals 1a-c with hydrazine hydrate under reflux in ethanol. These compounds were utilized as intermediates to synthesize pyrazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidines 3a-c, 4a-d, 5a-c, and 6a-c, as well as pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines 7a-c and 8a-c, by the reaction of 2-[bis(methylthio)methylene]malononitrile, α,α-dicyanoketene-N,S-acetals 1a-b, acetylacetone, acetoacetanilide as well as acetylacetone, and malononitrile, respectively. Furthermore, cyclization of 2a-c with pentan-2,5-dione yielded the corresponding 5-pyrrolylpyrazoles 9a-c. Moreover, fusion of 2a-c with acetic anhydride resulted in the corresponding 1-acetyl-1H-pyrazoles 10a-c. The antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity against Vero cells of several selected compounds are also reported.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry; Bacteria/drug effects*
  16. Fulltext The evaluation of Streptococcus mutans content of saliva in patients with recurrent oral ulceration
    Al-Ahmad, Basma Ezzat Mustafa, Muhannad Ali Kashmoola, Nur Aini Zakaria
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):14-14.
    MyJurnal
    Recurrent oral ulcer is a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by mucosa
    ulceration, which was believed to have bacterial etiology. Streptococcus mutans is one of the
    bacteria which have been implicated in this case; it is gram-positive bacteria that reside in the
    biofilms on the tooth surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate Streptococcus mutans content
    in saliva of recurrent oral ulcer patients and its role as a prognostic factor. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria
  17. Fulltext Effect of frozen storage on the characteristics of a developed and commercial fish sausages
    Al-Bulushi IM, Kasapis S, Dykes GA, Al-Waili H, Guizani N, Al-Oufi H
    J Food Sci Technol, 2013 Dec;50(6):1158-64.
    PMID: 24426029 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0441-x
    The effect of frozen storage on the physiochemical, chemical and microbial characteristics of two types of fish sausages was studied. Fish sausages developed (DFS) with a spice-sugar formulation and commercial fish sausages (CFS) were stored at -20 °C for 3 months. Fresh DFS contained 12.22% lipids and had a 3.53 cfu/g total bacteria count (TBC) whereas, CFS contained 5.5% lipids and had a 4.81 cfu/g TBC. During storage, TBC decreased significantly (p  0.05) in CFS. A peroxide value (PV) was not detectable until week four and eight of storage in CFS and DFS, respectively. The salt-soluble proteins (SSP) level was stable in DFS but in CFS it declined significantly (p  0.05) in both sausage types. This study showed that the effect of storage at -20 °C on fish sausages characteristics varied between formulations and depended on the ingredients of fish sausages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria
  18. Bioassay-Guided Isolation and in Silico Study of Antibacterial Compounds From Petroleum Ether Extract of Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth
    Al-Madhagi WM, Hashim NM, Awadh Ali NA, Taha H, Alhadi AA, Abdullah AA, et al.
    J Chem Inf Model, 2019 05 28;59(5):1858-1872.
    PMID: 31117526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00969
    Bioassay-guided isolation protocol was performed on petroleum ether extract of Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth using column chromatographic techniques. Five compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated via one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR, gas chromatography mass sectroscopy (GCMS), liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LCMS), and ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) analyses. Dindygulerione E (a new compound), and two compounds isolated from P. blanda for the first time-namely, dindygulerione A and flavokawain A-are reported herein. Antimicrobial activity was screened against selected pathogenic microbes, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were recorded within the range of 62-250 μg/mL. Assessment of the pharmacotherapeutic potential has also been done for the isolated compounds, using the Prediction of Activity spectra for Substances (PASS) software, and different activities of compounds were predicted. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM-PBSA) calculations have proposed the binding affinity of these compounds toward methylthioadenosine phosphorylase enzyme, which may explain their inhibitory actions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry*; Bacteria/drug effects; Bacterial Infections/drug therapy
  19. Fulltext Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of some novel imidazole and benzimidazole sulfonamides
    Al-Mohammed NN, Alias Y, Abdullah Z, Shakir RM, Taha EM, Hamid AA
    Molecules, 2013 Sep 26;18(10):11978-95.
    PMID: 24077176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181011978
    Several new substituted sulfonamide compounds were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were screened against standard strains of six Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria using the microbroth dilution assay. Most of the compounds studied showed promising activities against both types of bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects; Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects
  20. Mechanisms of Blood Brain Barrier Disruption by Different Types of Bacteria, and Bacterial-Host Interactions Facilitate the Bacterial Pathogen Invading the Brain
    Al-Obaidi MMJ, Desa MNM
    Cell Mol Neurobiol, 2018 Oct;38(7):1349-1368.
    PMID: 30117097 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0609-2
    This review aims to elucidate the different mechanisms of blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption that may occur due to invasion by different types of bacteria, as well as to show the bacteria-host interactions that assist the bacterial pathogen in invading the brain. For example, platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) is responsible for brain invasion during the adhesion of pneumococci to brain endothelial cells, which might lead to brain invasion. Additionally, the major adhesin of the pneumococcal pilus-1, RrgA is able to bind the BBB endothelial receptors: polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1), thus leading to invasion of the brain. Moreover, Streptococcus pneumoniae choline binding protein A (CbpA) targets the common carboxy-terminal domain of the laminin receptor (LR) establishing initial contact with brain endothelium that might result in BBB invasion. Furthermore, BBB disruption may occur by S. pneumoniae penetration through increasing in pro-inflammatory markers and endothelial permeability. In contrast, adhesion, invasion, and translocation through or between endothelial cells can be done by S. pneumoniae without any disruption to the vascular endothelium, upon BBB penetration. Internalins (InlA and InlB) of Listeria monocytogenes interact with its cellular receptors E-cadherin and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) to facilitate invading the brain. L. monocytogenes species activate NF-κB in endothelial cells, encouraging the expression of P- and E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1), as well as IL-6 and IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), all these markers assist in BBB disruption. Bacillus anthracis species interrupt both adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs), leading to BBB disruption. Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) permeability and BBB disruption are induced via interendothelial junction proteins reduction as well as up-regulation of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, macrophage inflammatory proteins-1 alpha (MIP1α) markers in Staphylococcus aureus species. Streptococcus agalactiae or Group B Streptococcus toxins (GBS) enhance IL-8 and ICAM-1 as well as nitric oxide (NO) production from endothelial cells via the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) enhancement, resulting in BBB disruption. While Gram-negative bacteria, Haemophilus influenza OmpP2 is able to target the common carboxy-terminal domain of LR to start initial interaction with brain endothelium, then invade the brain. H. influenza type b (HiB), can induce BBB permeability through TJ disruption. LR and PAFR binding sites have been recognized as common routes of CNS entrance by Neisseria meningitidis. N. meningitidis species also initiate binding to BMECs and induces AJs deformation, as well as inducing specific cleavage of the TJ component occludin through the release of host MMP-8. Escherichia coli bind to BMECs through LR, resulting in IL-6 and IL-8 release and iNOS production, as well as resulting in disassembly of TJs between endothelial cells, facilitating BBB disruption. Therefore, obtaining knowledge of BBB disruption by different types of bacterial species will provide a picture of how the bacteria enter the central nervous system (CNS) which might support the discovery of therapeutic strategies for each bacteria to control and manage infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria/growth & development; Bacteria/metabolism*; Bacteria/pathogenicity
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