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Fulltext Efficacy of albendazole in the treatment of Trichuris trichuria and Giardia intestinalis infection in rural Malay communities

Penggabean M, Norhayati, Oothuman P, Fatmah MS

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Dec;53(4):408-12.
PMID: 10971985

A community study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of a 3-day course of 400 mg albendazole daily in the treatment of Trichuris trichiura and Giardia intestinalis infection. This treatment regimen was effective in the treatment of Trichuris trichiura and Giardia intestinalis infection with cure rates of 91.5% and 96.6% respectively. Uses of a 3-day course of 400 mg albendazole daily should be considered in mass or targeted soil-transmitted helminths chemotherapy particularly in areas where the prevalence of Trichuris trichiura is high and polyparasitism is common.
Fulltext Food security and child nutritional status among Orang Asli (Temuan) households in Hulu Langat, Selangor

Zalilah MS, Tham BL

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Mar;57(1):36-50.
PMID: 14569716 MyJurnal

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of household food insecurity and its potential risk factors and outcomes among the Orang Asli (Temuan) households. Socioeconomic, demographic and food security information of the households and anthropometric measurements and dietary intakes of preschoolers (n = 64) were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Food security was assessed using the Radimer/Cornell hunger and food insecurity instrument. Diet quality was based on 24 hour recall and analyzed according to the Malaysian RDA and Food Guide Pyramid. Majority of the households (82%) reported some kind of household food insecurity. The prevalence of significant underweight, stunting and wasting were 45.3%, 51.6% and 7.8%, respectively. Dietary intakes were less than 2/3 RDA levels for calories, calcium and iron. However, the intakes of protein, vitamin A, vitamin C and niacin exceeded the RDA and the sources for these nutrients were mainly rice, fish and green leafy vegetables. Among the five food groups, only the number of servings from cereals/cereal products/tubers group was achieved while that of the milk/diary products was the worst. Majority of the children (68.7%) had poor, 31.3% had fair and none with excellent diet quality. In general, diet quality and nutritional status of the children decreased as household food insecurity worsened. It is recommended that the nutritional problems of Orang Asli children be addressed through health, nutrition and economic programs and further studies should be carried out on determinants and consequences of household food insecurity.
Assessment of orthodontic treatment need in 5,112 Malaysian children using the IOTN and DAI indices

Abdullah MS, Rock WP

Community Dent Health, 2001 Dec;18(4):242-8.
PMID: 11789703

To assess the prevalence and severity of malocclusion in a large sample of 12-13-year-old children and to compare assessments of treatment need according to three methods.
Case report: torsion of a gravid horn of a didelphic uterus

Achanna S, Monga D, Hassan MS

J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 1996 Apr;22(2):107-9.
PMID: 8697337

Acute abdominal pain during pregnancy presents a dilemma as signs and symptoms are often modified. Abdominal massage by traditional birth attendants (TBAs') during early labour is a common practice in the rural population, as it is perceived to give a soothening effect to the labouring mother. Many instances of abruptio placentae were reported in the past by this procedure, and in this case, the clinical picture presented as an abruptio placenta. Malpresentation and failure to progress were the indications for caesarean section despite the fetal demise. Severe post partum haemorrhage and failure to contract despite massive oxytocics resulted in the hysterectomy of the gravid horn, leaving the other horn intact.
A small scale field trial with expanded polystyrene beads for mosquito control in septic tanks

Chang MS, Lian S, Jute N

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1995 3 1;89(2):140-1.
PMID: 7778135

A field trial of the use of expanded polystyrene beads (EPSB) to control the breeding of mosquito larvae in household septic tanks was conducted in Sarawak. One week after treatment, the breeding of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus was reduced by 100% and 68.7% respectively. For both species combined, a 57.25% reduction in the adult emergence rate was achieved. No adult was caught in the emergence trap one month after treatment. A reduction in mosquito biting rates was reported by 87.3% of respondents. All households regarded the EPSB treatment as effective. This study has reduced the relatively high infestation rate of A. albopictus in the septic tanks to 16-20%. The EPSB treatment is feasible and practical. Post-treatment assessment using adult emergence traps and the implications for the vector control programme of the local authority are discussed.
Fulltext Osteogenesis Imperfecta and non-accidental injury: problems in diagnosis and management

Kasim MS, Cheah I, Sameon H

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Jun;50(2):170-5.
PMID: 7565189

It has been noted in the literature that Osteogenesis Imperfecta is frequently mistaken for non-accidental injury. This article serves to illustrate the difficulty in differentiating between the two conditions and that they can occur concomitantly in one patient.
Factors associated with clinically significant perinatal asphyxia in the Malaysian neonates: a case-control study

Boo NY, Lye MS

J Trop Pediatr, 1992 12;38(6):284-9.
PMID: 1844086 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/38.6.284

A 2-month prospective study was carried out in a Kuala Lumpur maternity hospital to determine the antenatal and intrapartum factors associated with perinatal asphyxia in the Malaysian neonates. The incidence of perinatal asphyxia was 18.7 per 1000 livebirths. Of the 75 asphyxiated neonates born during this period, 70 (93.3 per cent) were of term or post-term gestation. The incidence of perinatal asphyxia was more common in the neonates with one of the following characteristics: low birth weight (< 2500 g), breech delivery, or delivery by instrumentation or lower segment Caesarean section (P < 0.001). Conditional logistic regression analysis of the asphyxiated and the control neonates in a nested case-control study (after controlling for sex, race, birth weight, modes of delivery, and maternal gravida) showed that there were two associated factors which were of statistical significance. These were: small-for-gestation neonates and the presence of intrapartum problems. Our study suggests that to reduce the incidence of perinatal asphyxia, the common causes of small-for-gestation neonates and the common types of intrapartum problems should be identified to enable appropriate preventive measures to be carried out.
Nutritional status of children of various aboriginal communities in Peninsular-Malaysia

Kasim MS, Ismail Z, Ibrahim L

J Singapore Paediatr Soc, 1987;29 Suppl 1:96-100.
PMID: 3657102
Renewable energy in Southeast Asia: Policies and recommendations

Erdiwansyah, Mamat R, Sani MSM, Sudhakar K

Sci Total Environ, 2019 Jun 20;670:1095-1102.
PMID: 31018425 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.273

Southeast Asian countries stand at a crossroads concerning their shared energy future and heavily rely on fossil fuels for transport and electricity. Within Asia, especially India and China lead the world renewable energy generation undergoing a period of energy transition and economic transformation. Southeast Asian countries have huge potentials for sustainable energy sources. However they are yet to perform globally in renewable energy deployment due to various challenges. The primary objective of the study is to examine the renewable energy growth and analyse the government policies to scale up the deployment of renewables for power generation substantially. The study also offers policy recommendations to accelerate renewable energy exploitation sustainably across the region. To achieve the ambitious target of 23% renewables in the primary energy mix by 2025, ASEAN Governments should take proactive measures like removal of subsidies of fossil fuels, regional market integration and rapid implementation of the existing project. Eventually, each of this strategy will necessitate sustained leadership, political determination, and concrete actions from stakeholders, in particular, increased cooperation across the region.
Heterogeneity in studies of p16 in cervical lesions in different Malaysian institutions: Time to consider collaborative study

Naicker MS, Tan GC

Malays J Pathol, 2018 Dec;40(3):319-323.
PMID: 30580363

INTRODUCTION: Clinical decision making becomes difficult when clinical and methodological heterogeneity does not permit synthesis of results of multiple small studies.
AIM: For studies done in Malaysia, to identity the sample sizes and heterogeneity present in the various studies which used p16 in evaluating lesions of the cervix. To evaluate if it would be possible for a single study to answer the various questions posed by the original authors. To highlight areas where the design features of future studies can be optimised.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Various databases were searched using synonyms for p16 AND cervix AND Malaysia. These were assessed for broad conformity to a Diagnostic Test Accuracy format. Methodological and clinical heterogeneity indicators were extracted into standardised fields.
RESULTS: There were 5 studies eligible for inclusion. Each sought to study different aspects of the disease such as diagnostic grade stratification and pathogenesis. The study type broadly conformed to a Diagnostic Test Accuracy format. The study design used was either consecutive or non-consecutive. Sample size ranged from 75 to 201. Clinical heterogeneity was present in the choice of controls with some using normal and some using inflamed tissue. Methodological heterogeneity in applying the reference test, index test and different antibody clones were present.
CONCLUSION: There was both clinical and methodological heterogeneity making synthesis of studies difficult. It is possible to design a study which would be able to answer all the questions posed by the original authors with internal validity while at the same time increasing sample size.
Fulltext Nutritional status of orang asli (che wong tribe) adults in krau wildlife reserve, pahang

Haemamalar K, Zalilah MS, Neng Azhanie A

Malays J Nutr, 2010 Apr;16(1):55-68.
PMID: 22691853 MyJurnal

This is a descriptive study on nutritional status of Orang Asli (Che Wong tribe) adults in Krau Wildlife Reserve. Twenty-six households, comprising 29 men and 28 women,participated in the study. Dietary diversity was assessed using food frequency questionnaire with 37 food groups. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured using standard instruments. The mean age for men and women was 39.9 ± 17.1 years and 33.7 ± 16.1 years, respectively. Most (89.5%) of the adults had no formal education and about 89.5% of households were categorised as poor. There were 13.8% underweight, 72.4% normal, 10.3% overweight and 3.3% obese men. For women, 25.0%, 46.4%, and 28.6% were underweight, normal and overweight, respectively. While none of the men had at-risk waist circumference (men >90 cm), about 21.4% of women had waist circumference of >80 cm. The mean dietary diversity score was 9.47 ± 4.15 with men (9.48 ± 3.70) and women (9.46 ± 4.63) having similar scores. There was a significant correlation between waist circumference and household income (r=0.36, p< 0.01); however, the association was only significant in women (r=0.50, p< 0.01). Although under-nutrition still prevails, there are emerging cases of overweight and obesity in this rural Orang Asli community undergoing nutrition transition especially among the females.
Fulltext Suppression of Plasmodium berghei parasitemia by LiCl in an animal infection model

Nurul Aiezzah Z, Noor E, Hasidah MS

Trop Biomed, 2010 Dec;27(3):624-31.
PMID: 21399604 MyJurnal

Malaria, caused by the Plasmodium parasite is still a health problem worldwide due to resistance of the pathogen to current anti-malarials. The search for new anti-malarial agents has become more crucial with the emergence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Protein kinases such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), MAPK kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and glycogen synthase kinase- 3(GSK-3) of parasitic protozoa are potential drug targets. GSK-3 is an enzyme that plays a vital role in multiple cellular processes, and has been linked to pathogenesis of several diseases such as type II diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. In the present study, the antiplasmodial property of LiCl, a known GSK-3 inhibitor, was evaluated in vivo for its antimalarial effect against mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Infected ICR mice were intraperitoneally administered with LiCl for four consecutive days before (prophylactic test) and after (suppressive test) inoculation of P. berghei-parasitised erythrocytes. Results from the suppressive test (post-infection LiCl treatment) showed inhibition of erythrocytic parasitemia development by 62.06%, 85.67% and 85.18% as compared to nontreated controls for the 100 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg dosages respectively. Both 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg LiCl showed similar significant (P<0.05) suppressive values to that obtained with chloroquine-treated mice (86% suppression). The prophylactic test indicated a significantly (P<0.05) high protective effect on mice pre-treated with LiCl with suppression levels relatively comparable to chloroquine (84.07% and 86.26% suppression for the 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg LiCl dosages respectively versus 92.86% suppression by chloroquine). In both the suppressive and prophylactic tests, LiCl-treated animals survived longer than their non-treated counterparts. Mortality of the non-treated mice was 100% within 6 to 7 days of parasite inoculation whereas mice administered with LiCl survived beyond 9 days. Healthy non-infected mice administered with 600 mg/ kg LiCl for four consecutive days also showed decreased mortality compared to animals receiving lower doses of LiCl; three of the seven mice intraperitoneally injected with the former dose of LiCl did not survive more than 24 h after administration of LiCl whereas animals given the lower LiCl doses survived beyond four days of LiCl administration. To date, no direct evidence of anti-malarial activity in vivo or in vitro has been reported for LiCl. Evidence of anti-plasmodial activity of lithium in a mouse infection model is presented in this study.
Interfacial elastic relaxation during the ejection of bi-layered tablets

Anuar MS, Briscoe BJ

Int J Pharm, 2010 Mar 15;387(1-2):42-7.
PMID: 19963050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.11.031

The predilection of a bi-layered tablet to fail in the interface region after its initial formation in the compaction process reduces its practicality as a choice for controlled release solid drug delivery system. Hence, a fundamental appreciation of the governing mechanism that causes the weakening of the interfacial bonds within the bi-layered tablet is crucial in order to improve the overall bi-layered tablet mechanical integrity. This work has shown that the occurrence of the elastic relaxation in the interface region during the ejection stage of the compaction process decreases with the increase in the bi-layered tablet interface strength. This is believed to be due to the increase in the plastic bonding in the interface region. The tablet diametrical elastic relaxation affects the tablet height elastic relaxation, where the impediment of the tablet height expansion is observed when the interface region experiences a diametrical expansion.
Population mobility in Peninsular Malaysia

Jones GW, Sidh MS

Dev Forum, 1979 Dec;9(2):1-21.
PMID: 12336532
Fulltext Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase-catalyzed synthesis of natural flavor esters in a continuous flow microreactor

Gumel AM, Annuar MSM

3 Biotech, 2016 Jun;6(1):24.
PMID: 28330099 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-015-0355-9

Enzymatic catalysis is considered to be among the most environmental friendly processes for the synthesis of fine chemicals. In this study, lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lecitase Ultra™) was used to catalyze the synthesis of flavor esters, i.e., methyl butanoate and methyl benzoate by esterification of the acids with methanol in a microfluidic system. Maximum reaction rates of 195 and 115 mM min(-1) corresponding to catalytic efficiencies (k cat/K M) of 0.30 and 0.24 min(-1) mM(-1) as well as yield conversion of 54 and 41 % were observed in methyl butanoate and methyl benzoate synthesis, respectively. Catalytic turnover (k cat) was higher for methyl butanoate synthesis. Rate of synthesis and yield decreased with increasing flow rates. For both esters, increase in microfluidic flow rate resulted in increased advective transport over molecular diffusion and reaction rate, thus lower conversion. In microfluidic synthesis using T. lanuginosus lipase, the following reaction conditions were 40 °C, flow rate 0.1 mL min(-1), and 123 U g(-1) enzyme loading found to be the optimum operating limits. The work demonstrated the application of enzyme(s) in a microreactor system for the synthesis of industrially important esters.
Prevalence of overweight/obesity and its associated factors among secondary school students in semi urban area in Malaysia

Alagappan M, Rampal L, Zalilah MS

Med J Malaysia, 2019 12;74(6):513-520.
PMID: 31929478

INTRODUCTION: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and factors associated among secondary school students in Batang Padang District, Perak, Malaysia.
METHODS: Out of the 7247 students in the ten selected schools studied, a total of 6248 students (2928 males, 3320 females) took part. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the adjusted odd ratio.
RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 16.0% and 11.5% respectively. Obesity/overweight was significantly (p<0.05) associated with gender, age, ethnicity, education level of father, education level of mother, physical activity, disordered eating, smoking status, body size perception and body part satisfaction. The multivariable analysis results showed that the odds of being overweight/obesity were higher in males compared to females (OR 1.56, 95%CI: 1.37, 1.77). The results also showed that the odds of being overweight/obesity were highest among those in age group 12 and 13 years and among Malay ethnicity. The odds of overweight/obesity were higher in those who was dissatisfied with their body parts, (OR 1.96, 95%CI: 1.71, 2.25), dissatisfied with their body size (OR: 4.25, 95%CI: 3.60, 5.02), low physical activity (OR 1.23, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.44), current smokers (OR 1.38, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.78) and at risk of having eating disorder (OR: 1.39, 95%CI 1.22, 1.59).
CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity is high. The findings from this study can be used by policy makers to plan an integrated intervention program in schools.
Fulltext E-cigarette use, its impact on tobacco smoking and the intention to quit

Nurasyikin MS, Leelavathi M, Tohid H

Medicine & Health, 2019;14(1):78-90.
MyJurnal

E-cigarettes have rapidly gained worldwide popularity. Since its use still poses a health risk to the users, it is important to assess their intention to quit this habit. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of e-cigarette use, its effect on cigarette smoking and users’ intention to quit vaping and smoking. A total of 377 e-cigarette users were recruited from three vape retail stores in Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor. E-cigarette usage pattern, tobacco cigarette consumption and their intention to quit were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Most (70%) participants were e-cigarettes only users while 30% were dual users. The median duration of e-cigarette use was 2 (IQR 2) years. Almost all (98.4%) participants used third-generation devices and majority (63.7%) preferred liquid containing 6mg nicotine. About 92% participants, especially heavy smokers, smoked fewer tobacco cigarettes after initiating e-cigarette. Majority (79.6%) of dual users also had reduction in tobacco cigarette consumption with a median current consumption of 5 (IQR 5.0) cigarettes per day. Most (87%) e-cigarette users intend to quit the habit someday. However, many (63.1%) were in the pre-contemplation stage. E-cigarette users of less than 2 years duration tend to have the intention to quit compared to users of more than 2 years (p=0.005). In conclusion, there was more e-cigarette only users than the dual users. E-cigarette use could significantly reduce tobacco smoking, especially among heavy smokers. Most e-cigarette users had the intention to quit vaping but not in the near future and longer e-cigarette use may deter their intention to quit.
Detrimental consequences of the paracetamol tablet elastic relaxation during ejection

Anuar MS, Briscoe BJ

Drug Dev Ind Pharm, 2010 Aug;36(8):972-9.
PMID: 20515396 DOI: 10.3109/03639041003610807

It is generally accepted that the tablet elastic relaxation during compaction plays a vital role in undermining the final tablet mechanical integrity. One of the least investigated stages of the compaction process is the ejection stage.
Type 2 split cord malformation: the 'Martian' sign

Noh MSFM, Rajadurai N

QJM, 2017 Nov 01;110(11):763.
PMID: 29025148 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcx153
Fulltext Self-management approaches among hypertensive residents in nursing homes in Malaysia

Wei TM, Omar MS

Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(3):8-17.
PMID: 29527274 MyJurnal

Introduction: The prevalence of hypertension in Malaysia is increasing and an effective management of hypertension is important to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Objective: To determine the knowledge, awareness and perception towards hypertension among residents in nursing homes as well as the roles of caregivers in hypertension management.
Methods: A face-to-face survey with 200 hypertensive residents and 30 caregivers from 24 nursing homes in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia was conducted.
Results: Of all the hypertensive residents, 90.5% (n= 181) knew that lowering their blood pressure could improve their health. Most residents strongly believed that taking antihypertensive drugs is important for keeping their high blood pressure under control (n= 162, 81%). Taking medication was perceived as the most important factor in controlling the high blood pressure (58%,n= 116) compared to lifestyle or diet modification. The majority of the caregivers reported that they played a major role in managing hypertension, especially with regards to medication-taking. task (66.7%,n= 20).
Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and perceptions of hypertension play a relatively major role in the self-management of hypertension. The role of caregivers also needed to be recognised in managing hypertension in nursing homes.

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