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Fulltext Insights into microbial community structure and diversity in oil palm waste compost

Khalid NA, Rajandas H, Parimannan S, Croft LJ, Loke S, Chong CS, et al.

3 Biotech, 2019 Oct;9(10):364.
PMID: 31588388 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1892-4

Empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) are the major wastes generated by the oil palm industry in Malaysia. The practice of EFB and POME digester sludge co-composting has shown positive results, both in mitigating otherwise environmentally damaging waste streams and producing a useful product (compost) from these streams. In this study, the bacterial ecosystems of 12-week-old EFB-POME co-compost and POME biogas sludge from Felda Maokil, Johor were analysed using 16S metagenome sequencing. Over ten phyla were detected, with Chloroflexi being the predominant phylum, representing approximately 53% of compost and 23% of the POME microbiome reads. The main bacterial lineage found in the compost and POME was Anaerolinaceae (Chloroflexi) with 30% and 18% of the total gene fragments, respectively. The significant differences between compost and POME communities were abundances of Syntrophobacter, Sulfuricurvum and Coprococcus. No methanogens were identified due to the bias in general 16S primers to eubacteria. The preponderance of anaerobic species in the compost and high abundance of secondary metabolite fermenting bacteria is due to an extended composting time, with anaerobic collapse of the pile due to the tropical heat. Predictive functional profiles of the metagenomes using 16S rRNA marker genes suggest that the presence of enzymes involved in degradation of polysaccharides such as glucoamylase, endoglucanase and arabinofuranosidase, all of which were strongly active in POME. Eubacterial species associated with cellulytic methanogenesis were present in both samples.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Fulltext Enhancement of targeted microalgae species growth using aquaculture sludge extracts

Arumugam K, Ahmad MF, Yaacob NS, Ikram WM, Maniyam MN, Abdullah H, et al.

Heliyon, 2020 Jul;6(7):e04556.
PMID: 32775725 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04556

Natural growth-promoting nutrients extracted from aquaculture sludge waste can be used to maximise microalgal growth. This study identified the influence of aquaculture sludge extract (SE) on four microalgae species. Conway or Bold's Basal Media (BBM) was supplemented with SE collected from a Sabak Bernam shrimp pond (SB) and Kota Puteri fish pond (KP), and tested using a novel microplate-incubation technique. Five different autoclave extraction treatment parameters were assessed for both collected SE, i.e., 1-h at 105 °C, 2-h at 105 °C, 1-h at 121 °C, 2-h at 121 °C, and 24-h at room temperature (natural extraction). Microalgae culture in the microplates containing control (media) and enriched (media + SE) samples were incubated for nine days, at 25 °C with the light intensity of 33.75 μmol photons m-2 s-1 at 12-h light/dark cycle. The total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in KP SE were 44.0-82.0 mg L-1 and 0.96-8.60 mg L-1. TDN (8.0%-515.0%) and TDP (105%-186 %) were relatively higher in KP SE compared to SB SE. The growth of microalgae species Nannochloropsis ocenica showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the five extraction treatments from SB and the control. However, Chlorella vulgaris, Neochloris conjuncta, and Nephroclamys subsolitaria showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) in SB SE. N. ocenica, C. vulgaris, and N. conjuncta showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between five extraction treatments from KP and the control while N. subsolitaria showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). The specific growth rate (SGR) in the exponential phase of all microalgae species were relatively higher in SB SE compared to KP SE. While the organic matter content of KP SE was relatively higher, there were no significant differences in microalgae growth compared to SB SE. Nonetheless, modified SE did influence microalgae growth compared to the control. This study shows that modified SE could be used as enrichment media for microalgae cultivation.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Fulltext Spatial analysis of food poisoning cases and its environmental relations in Sabah, Malaysia

Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):4-4.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Food poisoning usually occurs with the consumption of contaminated food. Some related factors are unsafe water supply, poor sanitation, unhygienic waste disposal and unhygienic practices or poor personal hygiene by food handlers. The purpose of this study is to describe the spatial epidemiology of food poisoning cases in the four districts of Sabah. Methods: This review consists of all food poisoning cases reported from 2011 to 2014 from Kota Kinabalu, Penampang, Putatan and Papar, Sabah. The coordinates used for locations of cases are based on home addresses. Tools such as SPSS v20, ArcGIS v10 and CrimeStat IV were used for data analysis and mapping. Results: A total of 1,787 cases of food poisoning were reported during this review period. In 2011, only Kota Kinabalu and Pa-par illustrated significant food poisoning clusters. Meanwhile, in the year 2012 to 2014, Kota Kinabalu, Penampang and Putatan had clustering of cases. Analysis of nearest neighbour hierarchical clustering analysis showed 32 food poisoning clusters. There were 4 food poisoning points at 500 meters radius around a market place, 2 food poisoning points near a sewage plant and 1 food poisoning point near a water treatment plant. No cases were near a municipal landfill. For rivers and coastline, there were 37 points of food poisoning cases in the proximity of 500 meters. Con-clusion: Food poisoning usually occurs in clusters with possible associated environmental factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Assessing ureolytic bacteria with calcifying abilities isolated from limestone caves for biocalcification

Omoregie AI, Ong DEL, Nissom PM

Lett Appl Microbiol, 2019 Feb;68(2):173-181.
PMID: 30537001 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13103

Biocalcification through the use of ureolytic bacteria and biochemical activities has evolved in recent decades into a fervent resourceful effective technology suitable for soil stabilization, crack repair and bioremediation. Extensive studies have been carried out on numerous ureolytic bacterial species isolated from soils and sewage samples. However, very limited attention has been given to limestone caves with natural calcite formations as a possible source for isolation of ureolytic bacteria. In this study, bacterial isolates were recovered from limestone cave samples to determine their suitability for biocalcification. Twenty-seven morphologically distinct bacterial isolates were identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and their various genetic diversity was characterized according to their phylogenetic affiliations. Based on the molecular identification, Sporosarcina was the most abundant genus among all the ureolytic isolates, while the rest belonged to Pseudogracilibacillus and Bacillus genera. Analytical analysis on urease measurement showed that urease activities for the isolates ranged from 1·130 to 21·513 mol urea hydrolysed per minute, with isolate NB33 achieving the highest value and TSB4 achieving the lowest value. The estimated CaCO3 precipitates for the isolates ranged from 4·04 to 17·26 mg ml-1 , with isolate NB30 achieving the highest value and TSB20 achieving the lowest value. The findings in this study demonstrated that the ureolytic bacteria from limestone caves are promising bio-calcifying agents. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Ureolytic bacteria continues to play an important role as microbial tools used in geotechnical engineering for soil biocalcification. Microbial strains with the ability to produce urease enzyme and induce calcium carbonate mineral are often isolated from soil, water and sludge samples. However, screening for these essential microbes from extreme regions such as caves are rarely investigated. In this study, native bacteria which were isolated from limestone cave samples are identified and characterized. The findings suggested that these ureolytic bacterial isolates have the potential to serve as suitable alternative microbial agents for soil strengthening and stabilization.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Bioremediation and Detoxification of the Textile Wastewater with Membrane Bioreactor Using the White-rot Fungus and Reuse of Wastewater

Hossain K, Quaik S, Ismail N, Rafatullah M, Avasan M, Shaik R

Iran J Biotechnol, 2016 Sep;14(3):154-162.
PMID: 28959331 DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1216

BACKGROUND: Application of membrane technology to wastewater treatment has expanded over the last decades due to increasingly stringent legislation, greater opportunities for water reuse/recycling processes and continuing advancement in membrane technology.
OBJECTIVES: In the present study, a bench-scale submerged microfiltration membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to assess the treatment of textile wastewater.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The decolorization capacity of white-rot fungus coriolus versicolor was confirmed through agar plate and liquid batch studies. The temperature and pH of the reactor were controlled at 29±1°C and 4.5±2, respectively. The bioreactor was operated with an average flux of 0.05 m.d(-1) (HRT=15hrs) for a month.
RESULTS: Extensive growth of fungi and their attachment to the membrane led to its fouling and associated increase of the transmembrane pressure requiring a periodic withdrawal of sludge and membrane cleaning. However, stable decoloration activity (approx. 98%), BOD (40-50%), COD (50-67%) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal (>95%) was achieved using the entire system (fungi + membrane), while the contribution of the fungi culture alone for TOC removal, as indicated by the quality of the reactor supernatant, was 35-50% and 70%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The treated wastewater quality satisfied the requirement of water quality for dyeing and finishing process excluding light coloration. Therefore, textile wastewater reclamation and reuse is a promising alternative, which can both conserve or supplement the available water resource and reduce or eliminate the environmental pollution.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Evaluation of potential feedstock for biogas production via anaerobic digestion in Malaysia: kinetic studies and economics analysis

Lim YF, Chan YJ, Abakr YA, Sethu V, Selvarajoo A, Singh A, et al.

Environ Technol, 2021 Feb 18.
PMID: 33502966 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1882587

As the population increases, energy demands continue to rise rapidly. In order to satisfy this increasing energy demand, biogas offers a potential alternative. Biogas is economically viable to be produced through anaerobic digestion (AD) from various biomass feedstocks that are readily available in Malaysia, such as food waste (FW), palm oil mill effluent (POME), garden waste (GW), landfill, sewage sludge (SS) and animal manure. This paper aims to determine the potential feedstocks for biogas production via AD based on their characteristics, methane yield, kinetic studies and economic analysis. POME and FW show the highest methane yield with biogas yields up to 0.50 L/g VS while the lowest is 0.12 L/g VS by landfill leachate. Kinetic study shows that modified Gompertz model fits most of the feedstock with R 2 up to 1 indicating that this model can be used for estimating treatment efficiencies of full-scale reactors and performing scale-up analysis. The economic analysis shows that POME has the shortest payback period (PBP), highest internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). However, it has already been well explored, with 93% of biogas plants in Malaysia using POME as feedstock. The FW generation rate in Malaysia is approximately 15,000 tonnes per day, at the same time FW as the second place shows potential to have a PBP of 5.4 years and 13.3% IRR, which is close to the results achieved with POME. This makes FW suitable to be used as the feedstock for biogas production.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Fulltext Sludge-derived fuel from latex products manufacturing industry

Devaraj, V., Zairossani, M.N.

ASM Science Journal, 2012;6(1):15-21.
MyJurnal

Malaysia is the world’s top manufacturer of examination and surgical natural rubber (NR) gloves, exported mainly to the USA and Europe. The glove manufacturing process yields effluent which must be treated to comply with the stringent regulatory requirements imposed by the Malaysian Department of Environment. To make glove manufacturing an eco-friendly process, efforts are geared towards minimizing and utilizing waste or converting it into raw material for making value-added products. Waste generated from the glove industry is mainly rubber sludge which is obtained from the chemical flocculation stage of the effluent treatment process and consists of mainly rubber, remnants of compounding ingredients and water. R&D work by the Malaysian Rubber Board on waste utilization and resource recovery investigations have revealed many uses for this sludge. This paper briefly outlines only one of the many options available, which is the conversion of the sludge into sludge derived fuel (SDF). Preliminary study has identified three formulations of SDF with calorific values (CV) exceeding 16 000 kJ/kg, matching a good grade coal. This was considered as promising results which warrant explorative work for further increasing the CV of SDF to turn it into a viable fuel substitute in the latex products manufacturing industry and subsequently apply for a Clean Development Mechanism status to generate income.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Fulltext Characterization study of oil sludge solid sediment

Meor Yusoff, M.S., Hishamuddin, H., Choo, Thye Foo

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2007;2005(1):25-28.
MyJurnal

The storage of oil sludge at refineries is a major problem to the petroleum industry. Oil sludge treatments such as by using sludge farming, incineration, physical and chemical techniques have been applied to separate the hydrocarbon from the solid sediment. The paper relates a characteristic study performed on solid sediment from a local oil sludge sample for making sintered brick. The study includes the used of XRD, XRF, digital microscopy and particle size analyzer. The result shows that the sample highly contains quartz minerals with particle size ranging from 0.5 – 200 ȝm. The chemical phosphorous from the surfactant can be removed by washing to make this solid sediment to be used as a material in the brick making.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Fulltext Environmental radiological monitoring methods in tenorm facilities and its relevance

Teng, Iyu Lin, Ismail Bahari, Muhamad Samudi Yasir

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2011;2011(2):8-14.
MyJurnal

In Malaysia, mineral processing plant is one of the Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) processing industries controlled by the Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB) through the enforcement of Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 (Act 304). The activities generated waste which is called as TENORM wastes. TENORM wastes are mainly found in thorium hydroxide from the processing of xenotime and monazite, and iron oxide and red gypsum from the processing of ilmenite. Other TENORM wastes are scales and sludge from the oil and gas industries, tin slag produced from the smelting of tin, and ilmenite, zircon,
and monazite produced from the processing of tin tailing (amang). The environmental and radiological monitoring program is needed to ensure that the TENORM wastes did not caused any contamination to the environment. The wastes vary in the types of samples, parameters of analysis as well as the frequency of monitoring based on license’s conditions issued by the AELB. The main objective of this study is to assess the suitability of license’s condition and the monitoring program required in oil and gas, and mineral processing
industries. Study was done by assessing the data submitted to the AELB in order to comply with the licensing requirement. This study had found out that there are a few of license’s conditions that need to be reviewed accordingly based on the processing activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Fulltext Incinerated domestic waste sludge powder as sustainable replacement material for concrete

Dahlia Lema, A.M., Kartini, K., Dyg. Siti Quraisyah, A.A., Anthony, A.D., Nuraini, T., Siti Rahimah, R.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2015;23(2):193-205.
MyJurnal

Sludge is an unavoidable product of wastewater treatment that creates problems of disposal. Increasingly, strict environmental control regulations have resulted in limitations on sludge disposal options.Disposal by incineration has been found to be a good option. In this research, application of domestic waste sludge powder (DWSP) was used as cement replacement in concrete mix. This study utilised replacement of 3 %, 5 %, 7 %, 10 % and 15 % by weight of OPC with water binder (w/b) ratio of 0.60, 0.55 and 0.40 for Grade 30, Grade 40 and Grade 50 respectively. The performance of DWSP concrete in terms of its compressive strength, water absorption, water permeability and Rapid Chloride Ion penetration were investigated. All values of compressive strength for DWSP concrete were lower compared to the OPC control, and the strength decreased as the percentage of replacement with DWSP increased for Grade 30 and Grade 50, except for Grade 40 at replacement of 7 %. Meanwhile, water absorption and water permeability for the DWSP concrete increased as the replacement increased. Overall, with further research in producing quality DWSP, the potential of using this waste as a cement replacement material is very promising.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Nitrate sources and processes in the surface water of a tropical reservoir by stable isotopes and mixing model

Fadhullah W, Yaccob NS, Syakir MI, Muhammad SA, Yue FJ, Li SL

Sci Total Environ, 2020 Jan 15;700:134517.
PMID: 31629263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134517

Nitrate is one of the primary nutrients associated with sedimentation and fuels eutrophication in reservoir systems. In this study, water samples from Bukit Merah Reservoir (BMR) were analysed using a combination of water chemistry, water stable isotopes (δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O) and nitrate stable isotopes (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-). The objective was to evaluate nitrate sources and processes in BMR, the oldest man-made reservoir in Malaysia. The δ15N-NO3- values in the river and reservoir water samples were in the range +0.4 to +14.9‰ while the values of δ18O-NO3- were between -0.01 and +39.4‰, respectively. The dual plots of δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- reflected mixing sources from atmospheric deposition (AD) input, ammonium in fertilizer/rain, soil nitrogen, and manure and sewage (MS) as the sources of nitrate in the surface water of BMR. Nitrate stable isotopes suggested that BMR undergoes processes such as nitrification and mixing. Denitrification and assimilation were not prevalent in the system. The Bayesian mixing model highlighted the dominance of MS sources in the system while AD contributed more proportion in the reservoir during both seasons than in the river. The use of δ13C, δ15N, and C:N ratios enabled the identification of terrestrial sources of the organic matter in the sediment, enhancing the understanding of sedimentation associated with nutrients previously reported in BMR. Overall, the nitrate sources and processes should be considered in decision-making in the management of the reservoir for irrigation, Arowana fish culture and domestic water supply.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Microplastics in the freshwater and terrestrial environments: Prevalence, fates, impacts and sustainable solutions

Wong JKH, Lee KK, Tang KHD, Yap PS

Sci Total Environ, 2020 Jun 01;719:137512.
PMID: 32229011 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137512

The ubiquitous occurrences of microplastics in the environment have raised much concern and resulted in voluminous studies related to microplastics. Studies on microplastics pollution of the marine environment have received significantly higher attention compared to those of the freshwater and terrestrial environments. With the impetus to better understand microplastics in the freshwater and terrestrial environments, this review elucidates the findings of >100 articles related to the prevalence, fates and impacts of microplastics therein and the sustainable solutions, mostly in the past 10 years. This review shows the interconnection between terrestrial and freshwater microplastics with wastewater and sewage treatment plants as the most significant contributors of environmental microplastics via sludge and effluent discharges. Microplastics in both ecosystems comprise the primary and secondary forms with the latter resulted from weathering of the former. Besides retaining in soil and infiltrating with rainwater underground, terrestrial microplastics also enter the freshwater environment. The environmental microplastics interact with the biotic and abiotic components resulting in entrainment, settlement, biofouling, degradation, fragmentation and entry into the food chain, with subsequent transfer across the food chain. The abundance of environmental microplastics is attributed to population density and urbanization though tidal cycle, storms, floods and human activities can affect their distribution. The leaching of additives from microplastics poses major health concern and sustainable solutions target at reduction of plastics use and disposal, substitution with bioplastics and wastewater treatment innovations. Further studies on classification, detection, characterization and toxicity of microplastics are necessary to permit more effective formulation of solutions.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Detection of gliclazide in aqueous samples using liquid chromatography/time-of-flight/mass spectrometry

Fouad Fadhil Al-Qaim, Md Pauzi Abdullah, Jalifah Latip, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik, Nurfaizah Abu Tahrim, Nurul Auni Zainal Abidin, et al.

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:803-810.

The big challenge for the detection of pharmaceutical residues in water samples is the type of ionization mode in
terms of positive or negative ionization which plays an important role to identify and quantify the analytes using liquid
chromatography/mass spectrometry. An analytical method was applied to analysis of gliclazide (diabetic drug) in surface
water and wastewater from sewage treatment plants and hospitals. The proposed analytical method allows simultaneous
isolation and concentration procedure using solid phase extraction (Oasis HLB) prior to separation using high-performance
liquid chromatography. The detection and confirmation was achieved by applying time-of-flight analyzer. The limits of
quantification were as low as 1.4 ng/L (deionized water), 4 ng/L (surface water), 27 ng/L (hospital influent), 10 ng/L
(hospital effluent), 6 ng/L (sewage treatment plant effluent) and 21 ng/L (sewage treatment plant influent), respectively. On
average, good recoveries of higher than 87% were obtained for gliclazide in the studied samples. The proposed method
successfully determined and quantified gliclazide in surface water and wastewater. The results showed that gliclazide
is a persistent compound in sewage treatment effluents as well as in the recipient rivers. Gliclazide was detected in all
samples and the highest concentration was 130 ng/L in influent of sewage treatment plant.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Producing desulfurized biogas using two-stage domesticated shear-loop anaerobic contact stabilization system

Tijani H, Yuzir A, Abdullah N

Waste Manag, 2018 Aug;78:770-780.
PMID: 32559969 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.06.045

In this study, a two-stage domesticated shear-loop anaerobic contact stabilization (SLACS) system is introduced as a new reactor design to enhance methane productivity with significant reduction in hydrogen sulphide (H2S) synthesis. Due to the rich sulfate content in industrial wastewaters, the initial fermentation phase of anaerobic digestion is highly acidifying and often leads to severe performance losses, digester's instability, and even culture crash. The SLACS system functions as a dissimilatory sulfate reduction - methanogenic reactor consisting of two compartments, a shear-loop anaerobic bed (SLAB) unit and an anaerobic plug flow (APF) unit. The functional role of the SLAB unit is not limited to acidogenesis but also sulfidogenic processes, which curtails H2S generation in the APF unit (methanogenic stage). Experimental observations indicated that pH serves a critical role in the cohabitation of acidogenic and sulfidogenic microbes in the SLAB unit. Although acidogenesis was not influenced by pH within the range of 4.5-6.0, it is vital to stabilize the pH of this unit at 5.4 to establish a steady sulfate reduction of above 75%. The highest desulfurization achieved in this compartment was 88% under a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 h. With an average methane productivity of 256 mL g-1 VS, the methanogenic performance of the two-stage domesticated SLACS system shows a 32% methanogenic proficiency higher than that of the one-stage digestion system. Microbial community structure within the system carried out via Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) provided qualitative data on the sludge's sulfidogenic and methanogenic performance.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Fulltext A comprehensive review of various approaches for treatment of tertiary wastewater with emerging contaminants: what do we know?

Zahmatkesh S, Bokhari A, Karimian M, Zahra MMA, Sillanpää M, Panchal H, et al.

Environ Monit Assess, 2022 Oct 14;194(12):884.
PMID: 36239735 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10503-z

In the last few decades, environmental contaminants (ECs) have been introduced into the environment at an alarming rate. There is a risk to human health and aquatic ecosystems from trace levels of emerging contaminants, including hospital wastewater (HPWW), cosmetics, personal care products, endocrine system disruptors, and their transformation products. Despite the fact that these pollutants have been introduced or detected relatively recently, information about their characteristics, actions, and impacts is limited, as are the technologies to eliminate them efficiently. A wastewater recycling system is capable of providing irrigation water for crops and municipal sewage treatment, so removing ECs before wastewater reuse is essential. Water treatment processes containing advanced ions of biotic origin and ECs of biotic origin are highly recommended for contaminants. This study introduces the fundamentals of the treatment of tertiary wastewater, including membranes, filtration, UV (ultraviolet) irradiation, ozonation, chlorination, advanced oxidation processes, activated carbon (AC), and algae. Next, a detailed description of recent developments and innovations in each component of the emerging contaminant removal process is provided.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Multistage optimizations of slow pyrolysis synthesis of biochar from palm oil sludge for adsorption of lead

Lee XJ, Lee LY, Hiew BYZ, Gan S, Thangalazhy-Gopakumar S, Kiat Ng H

Bioresour Technol, 2017 Dec;245(Pt A):944-953.
PMID: 28946195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.175

This research investigated the removal of lead (Pb(2+)) by a novel biochar derived from palm oil sludge (POS-char) by slow pyrolysis. Multistage optimizations with central composite design were carried out to firstly optimize pyrolysis parameters to produce the best POS-char for Pb(2+) removal and secondly to optimize adsorption conditions for the highest removal of Pb(2+). The optimum pyrolysis parameters were nitrogen flowrateof30mLmin(-1), heating rateof10°Cmin(-1), temperatureof500°C and timeof30min. The optimum Pb(2+) adsorption conditions were concentrationof200mgL(-1), timeof60min, dosageof0.3g and pH of 3.02. The various functional groups within POS-char played a vital role in Pb(2+) uptake. Regeneration was demonstrated to be feasible using hydrochloric acid. Adsorption equilibrium was best described by Freundlich model. At low concentration range, adsorption kinetic obeyed pseudo-first-order model, but at high concentration range, it followed pseudo-second-order model. Overall, the results highlighted that POS-char is an effective adsorbent for Pb(2+) removal.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Polyaniline-dicationic ionic liquid coated with magnetic nanoparticles composite for magnetic solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples

Shahriman MS, Ramachandran MR, Zain NNM, Mohamad S, Manan NSA, Yaman SM

Talanta, 2018 Feb 01;178:211-221.
PMID: 29136814 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.023

In this present study, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) nanocomposites modified with polyaniline (PANI) coated newly synthesised dicationic ionic liquid (DICAT) forming MNP-PANI-DICAT were successfully synthesised as new generation material for magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE). MNP-PANI-DICAT was characterised by FT-IR NMR, CHN, BET, SEM, TEM, and VSM techniques and the results were compared with MNP-PANI and native MNP. This new material was applied as a magnetic adsorbent for the pre-concentration and separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to the π-π interaction between polyaniline shell and dicationic ionic liquid (DICAT) with PAHs compounds. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method was evaluated and applied for the analysis of PAHs in environmental samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The validation method showed good linearity (0.005-500µgL-1) with the coefficient of determination (R2) > 0.999. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the developed method (MNP-PANI-DICAT-MSPE) were in the range of 0.0008-0.2086µgL-1and 0.0024-0.6320µgL-1, respectively. The enrichment factor (EF) of PAHs on MNP-PANI-DICAT-MSPE were in the range of 7.546-29.632. The extraction recoveries of natural water, sludge, and soil samples were ranged from 80.2% to 111.9% with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 5.6%. The newly synthesised MNP-PANI-DICAT possess good sensitivity, reusability, and fast extraction of PAHs under the MSPE procedure in various environmental samples.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Fulltext Silver Nanoparticles in the Water Environment in Malaysia: Inspection, characterization, removal, modeling, and future perspective

Syafiuddin A, Salmiati S, Hadibarata T, Kueh ABH, Salim MR, Zaini MAA

Sci Rep, 2018 01 17;8(1):986.
PMID: 29343711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19375-1

The current status of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the water environment in Malaysia was examined and reported. For inspection, two rivers and two sewage treatment plants (STPs) were selected. Two activated carbons derived from oil palm (ACfOPS) and coconut (ACfCS) shells were proposed as the adsorbent to remove AgNPs. It was found that the concentrations of AgNPs in the rivers and STPs are in the ranges of 0.13 to 10.16 mg L-1 and 0.13 to 20.02 mg L-1, respectively, with the highest concentration measured in July. ACfOPS and ACfCS removed up to 99.6 and 99.9% of AgNPs, respectively, from the water. The interaction mechanism between AgNPs and the activated carbon surface employed in this work was mainly the electrostatic force interaction via binding Ag+ with O- presented in the activated carbon to form AgO. Fifteen kinetic models were compared statistically to describe the removal of AgNPs. It was found that the experimental adsorption data can be best described using the mixed 1,2-order model. Therefore, this model has the potential to be a candidate for a general model to describe AgNPs adsorption using numerous materials, its validation of which has been confirmed with other material data from previous works.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge for real municipal wastewater treatment: Performance, microbial community change and feasibility of lipid recovery

Purba LDA, Zahra SA, Yuzir A, Iwamoto K, Abdullah N, Shimizu K, et al.

J Environ Manage, 2023 May 01;333:117374.
PMID: 36758398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117374

Despite various research works on algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge for wastewater treatment and resource recovery processes, limited information is available on its application in real wastewater treatment in terms of performance, microbial community variation and resource recovery. This study investigated the performance of algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge on real low-strength wastewater treatment in addition to the characterization of microbial community and fatty acid compositions for biodiesel production. The results demonstrated 71% COD, 77% NH4+-N and 31% phosphate removal efficiencies, respectively. In addition, all the water parameters successfully met the effluent standard A, imposed by the Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia. Core microbiome analyses revealed important microbial groups (i.e., Haliangium ochraceum, Burkholderiales and Chitinophagaceae) in bacterial community. Meanwhile the photosynthetic microorganisms, such as Oxyphotobacteria and Trebouxiophyceae dominated the algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge, suggesting their important roles in granulation and wastewater treatment. Up to 12.51 mg/gSS lipid content was recovered from the granules. In addition, fatty acids composition showed high percetages of C16:0 and C18:0, demonstrating high feasibility to be used for biodiesel production application indicated by the cetane number, iodine value and oxidation stability properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage
Fulltext Challenges and Opportunities of Biocoagulant/Bioflocculant Application for Drinking Water and Wastewater Treatment and Its Potential for Sludge Recovery

Kurniawan SB, Abdullah SRS, Imron MF, Said NSM, Ismail N', Hasan HA, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 Dec 12;17(24).
PMID: 33322826 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249312

The utilization of metal-based conventional coagulants/flocculants to remove suspended solids from drinking water and wastewater is currently leading to new concerns. Alarming issues related to the prolonged effects on human health and further pollution to aquatic environments from the generated nonbiodegradable sludge are becoming trending topics. The utilization of biocoagulants/bioflocculants does not produce chemical residue in the effluent and creates nonharmful, biodegradable sludge. The conventional coagulation-flocculation processes in drinking water and wastewater treatment, including the health and environmental issues related to the utilization of metal-based coagulants/flocculants during the processes, are discussed in this paper. As a counterpoint, the development of biocoagulants/bioflocculants for drinking water and wastewater treatment is intensively reviewed. The characterization, origin, potential sources, and application of this green technology are critically reviewed. This review paper also provides a thorough discussion on the challenges and opportunities regarding the further utilization and application of biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water and wastewater treatment, including the importance of the selection of raw materials, the simplification of extraction processes, the application to different water and wastewater characteristics, the scaling up of this technology to a real industrial scale, and also the potential for sludge recovery by utilizing biocoagulants/bioflocculants in water/wastewater treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Sewage

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