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  1. Fulltext Effects of different types and doses of whey protein on the physiological and intestinal flora in D-galactose induced aging mice
    Ma Z, Zhang F, Ma H, Chen X, Yang J, Yang Y, et al.
    PLoS One, 2021;16(4):e0248329.
    PMID: 33857162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248329
    The elderly usually suffer from many diseases. Improving the quality of life of the elderly is an urgent social issue. In this present study, D-galactose treated aging mice models were used to reveal the effects of different animal sources and different doses of whey protein (WP) on the immune indexes organs and intestinal flora. A total of 9 groups were set up, including normal control (NC), negative control (NS), positive control (Vc), low-, medium- and high-doses of cow WP intervention groups (CL, CM and CH for short, correspondingly) and low-, medium- and high-doses of goat WP intervention groups (GL, GM and GH for short, correspondingly). The body weight gain, thymus/body weight ratio, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, spleen immunoglobulins G (IgG), spleen interleukin-2 (IL-2) and spleen interleukin-2 (IL-6) were measured. Then, the intestinal contents were collected, and 16s genes of intestinal bacteria were sequenced to reveal the changes in bacterial flora structure. WP intervention significantly increased the weight gain, thymus/body ratio and SOD activity, but decrease the content of MDA. WP intervention increased some immune indicators. All the WP treated aging mice showed similar values of physiological indexes to that of the Vc group, even better. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Stenotrophomonas was increased and decreased, respectively, by both cow and goat WP. Lactobacillus may be involved in regulating the functional repair of organisms. In contrast, Stenotrophomonas might play a negative role in the immune and antioxidant capacity of the body. Combining physiological indicators and intestinal flora structure, low-concentration WP for cow and goat might be optimal for aging models.
    Matched MeSH terms: Whey Proteins/metabolism; Antioxidants/metabolism; Galactose/metabolism; Malondialdehyde/metabolism; Spleen/metabolism; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
  2. Fermentation of blueberry and blackberry juices using Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum: Growth of probiotics, metabolism of phenolics, antioxidant capacity in vitro and sensory evaluation
    Wu Y, Li S, Tao Y, Li D, Han Y, Show PL, et al.
    Food Chem, 2021 Jun 30;348:129083.
    PMID: 33517000 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129083
    In this study, three potential probiotic strains were selected to ferment blueberry and blackberry juices. The viable cell counts of selected strains were increased by 0.4-0.7 log CFU/mL in berry juices environments after 48-h fermentation. Meanwhile, the contents of cyanindin-3-glucoside and peonidin-3-glucoside decreased over 30%. Heatmap presented an upgrade trend of syringic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid and lactic acid during fermentation. However, the contents of p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, critic acid and malic acid showed downgrade trend. The metabolism of phenolics probably contributed to the enhancement of the ABTS radical scavenging activity (40%-60%) in fermented berry juices. Moreover, the three strains presented different capacities on changing the quality of berry juices according to the PCA and LDA analysis. The contents of individual organic acids had positive correlations with sensory quality, especially for sourness. Overall, probiotic fermentation could improve the sensory quality of berry juices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacteria/metabolism*; Probiotics/metabolism*; Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolism; Streptococcus thermophilus/metabolism; Bifidobacterium bifidum/metabolism
  3. Micro-RNA and the Features of Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review
    Das S, Mohamed IN, Teoh SL, Thevaraj T, Ku Ahmad Nasir KN, Zawawi A, et al.
    Mini Rev Med Chem, 2020;20(7):626-635.
    PMID: 31969099 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200122124445
    The incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has risen globally. MetS includes a combination of features, i.e. blood glucose impairment, excess abdominal/body fat dyslipidemia and elevated blood pressure. Other than conventional treatment with drugs, the main preventive approaches include lifestyle changes, weight loss, diet control and adequate exercise also proves to be beneficial. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play critical regulatory roles in most biological and pathological processes. In the present review, we discuss various miRNAs which are related to MetS by targeting various organs, including the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissues. These miRNAs have the effect on insulin production and secretion (miR-9, miR-124a, miR-130a,b, miR152, miR-335, miR-375), insulin resistance (miR-29), adipogenesis (miR-143, miR148a) and lipid metabolism (miR-192). We also discuss the miRNAs as potential biomarkers and future therapeutic targets. This review may be beneficial for molecular biologists and clinicians dealing with MetS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Lipid Metabolism
  4. Fulltext Platanosides, a Potential Botanical Drug Combination, Decrease Liver Injury Caused by Acetaminophen Overdose in Mice
    Samuvel DJ, Nguyen NT, Jaeschke H, Lemasters JJ, Wang X, Choo YM, et al.
    J Nat Prod, 2022 Jul 22;85(7):1779-1788.
    PMID: 35815804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00324
    Oxidative stress plays an important role in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. Platanosides (PTSs) isolated from the American sycamore tree (Platanus occidentalis) represent a potential new four-molecule botanical drug class of antibiotics active against drug-resistant infectious disease. Preliminary studies have suggested that PTSs are safe and well tolerated and have antioxidant properties. The potential utility of PTSs in decreasing APAP hepatotoxicity in mice in addition to an assessment of their potential with APAP for the control of infectious diseases along with pain and pyrexia associated with a bacterial infection was investigated. On PTS treatment in mice, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) release, hepatic centrilobular necrosis, and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were markedly decreased. In addition, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation decreased when mice overdosed with APAP were treated with PTSs. Computational studies suggested that PTSs may act as JNK-1/2 and Keap1-Nrf2 inhibitors and that the isomeric mixture could provide greater efficacy than the individual molecules. Overall, PTSs represent promising botanical drugs for hepatoprotection and drug-resistant bacterial infections and are effective in protecting against APAP-related hepatotoxicity, which decreases liver necrosis and inflammation, iNOS expression, and oxidative and nitrative stresses, possibly by preventing persistent JNK activation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Necrosis/metabolism; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism
  5. Fulltext Keyhole limpet hemocyanin augmented the killing activity, cytokine production and proliferation of NK cells, and inhibited the proliferation of Meth A sarcoma cells in vitro
    Sarker MM, Zhong M
    Indian J Pharmacol, 2014 Jan-Feb;46(1):40-5.
    PMID: 24550583 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.125164
    Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is a popular tumor vaccine carrier protein and an immunostimulant. The present study aimed to investigate the immunoregulatory activity of KLH on cytotoxicity, cytokines production, and proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells. Moreover, antiproliferative activity of KLH on Meth A sarcoma cells was studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
  6. Metagenomic Analysis of the Effect of Enteromorpha prolifera Bloom on Microbial Community and Function in Aquaculture Environment
    Sun F, Wang C, Chen H, Zheng Z
    Curr Microbiol, 2020 May;77(5):816-825.
    PMID: 31927597 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01862-x
    Enteromorpha prolifera blooms considerably affected coastal environments in recent years. However, the effects of E. prolifera on microbial ecology and function remained unknown. In this study, metagenomic sequencing was used to investigate the effect of E. prolifera bloom on the microbial communities and functional genes in an aquaculture environment. Results showed that E. prolifera bloom could significantly alter the microbial composition and abundance, and heterotrophic bacteria comprised the major groups in the E. prolifera bloom pond, which was dominated by Actinomycetales and Flavobacteriales. The study indicated that viruses played an important role in shaping the microbial community and diversity during E. prolifera bloom. These viruses affected various dominant microbial taxa (such as Rhodobacteraceae, Synechococcus, and Prochlorococcus), which produced an obvious impact on potential nutrient transformation. Functional annotation analysis indicated that E. prolifera bloom would considerably shift the metabolism function by altering the structure and abundance of the microbial community. E. prolifera bloom pond had the low ability of potential metabolic capabilities of nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphate, whereas promoted gene abundance of genetic information processing. These changes in the microbial community and function could produce serious effect on aquaculture ecosystem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ulva/metabolism*
  7. Fulltext Identification of novel breast cancer susceptibility loci in meta-analyses conducted among Asian and European descendants
    Shu X, Long J, Cai Q, Kweon SS, Choi JY, Kubo M, et al.
    Nat Commun, 2020 Mar 05;11(1):1217.
    PMID: 32139696 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15046-w
    Known risk variants explain only a small proportion of breast cancer heritability, particularly in Asian women. To search for additional genetic susceptibility loci for breast cancer, here we perform a meta-analysis of data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in Asians (24,206 cases and 24,775 controls) and European descendants (122,977 cases and 105,974 controls). We identified 31 potential novel loci with the lead variant showing an association with breast cancer risk at P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
  8. Fulltext Transcriptomic analysis of resistant and susceptible banana corms in response to infection by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4
    Zhang L, Cenci A, Rouard M, Zhang D, Wang Y, Tang W, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 06 03;9(1):8199.
    PMID: 31160634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44637-x
    Fusarium wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, especially by tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), is threatening the global banana industry. Musa acuminata Pahang, a wild diploid banana that displays strong resistance to Foc TR4, holds great potential to understand the underlying resistance mechanisms. Microscopic examination reports that, in a wounding inoculation system, the Foc TR4 infection processes in roots of Pahang (resistant) and a triploid cultivar Brazilian (susceptible) were similar by 7 days post inoculation (dpi), but significant differences were observed in corms of both genotypes at 14 dpi. We compare transcriptomic responses in the corms of Pahang and Brazilian, and show that Pahang exhibited constitutive defense responses before Foc TR4 infection and inducible defense responses prior to Brazilian at the initial Foc TR4 infection stage. Most key enzymatic genes in the phenylalanine metabolism pathway were up-regulated in Brazilian, suggesting that lignin and phytotoxin may be triggered during later stages of Foc TR4 infection. This study unravels a few potential resistance candidate genes whose expression patterns were assessed by RT-qPCR assay and improves our understanding the defense mechanisms of Pahang response to Foc TR4.
    Matched MeSH terms: Catechol Oxidase/metabolism
  9. Improving the substrate binding of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (AccB) from Streptomyces antibioticus through computational enzyme engineering
    Ali I, Wei DQ, Khan A, Feng Y, Waseem M, Hussain Z, et al.
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2024 Apr;71(2):402-413.
    PMID: 38287712 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2548
    Malonyl-CoA serves as the main building block for the biosynthesis of many important polyketides, as well as fatty acid-derived compounds, such as biofuel. Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium gultamicum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have recently been engineered for the biosynthesis of such compounds. However, the developed processes and strains often have insufficient productivity. In the current study, we used enzyme-engineering approach to improve the binding of acetyl-CoA with ACC. We generated different mutations, and the impact was calculated, which reported that three mutations, that is, S343A, T347W, and S350W, significantly improve the substrate binding. Molecular docking investigation revealed an altered binding network compared to the wild type. In mutants, additional interactions stabilize the binding of the inner tail of acetyl-CoA. Using molecular simulation, the stability, compactness, hydrogen bonding, and protein motions were estimated, revealing different dynamic properties owned by the mutants only but not by the wild type. The findings were further validated by using the binding-free energy (BFE) method, which revealed these mutations as favorable substitutions. The total BFE was reported to be -52.66 ± 0.11 kcal/mol for the wild type, -55.87 ± 0.16 kcal/mol for the S343A mutant, -60.52 ± 0.25 kcal/mol for T347W mutant, and -59.64 ± 0.25 kcal/mol for the S350W mutant. This shows that the binding of the substrate is increased due to the induced mutations and strongly corroborates with the docking results. In sum, this study provides information regarding the essential hotspot residues for the substrate binding and can be used for application in industrial processes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Escherichia coli/metabolism; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism
  10. Effects of high stocking density on growth performance and expression of MyD88, and its temporal expression under the challenge of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the noble scallop Chlamys nobilis
    Feng M, Tan K, Zhang H, Duan X, Li S, Ma H, et al.
    Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2023 Oct;141:109059.
    PMID: 37678479 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109059
    High stocking density has been regarded as an adverse factor in bivalve aquaculture. However, its subsequent molecular response to pathogenic bacteria has been little studied. In order to study the question, a novel MyD88 was first cloned using adult noble scallops Chlamys nobilis (CnMyD88), and its tissue distribution was investigated. Then, 1860 juvenile scallops were divided into two groups with two initial densities of high density (200 individuals/layer, HD) and normal density (110 individuals/layer, ND) and in-situ cultured for three months, in which their growth, survival, and the differential expression of CnMyD88 were examined, respectively. Finally, scallops were injected with the Vibrio parahaemolyticus to assess the temporal expression of CnMyD88. As the results show, CnMyD88 cDNA has a full length of 2241 bp and contains an 1107 bp ORF that encodes a 368-derived protein. It was widely expressed in examined tissues with a significantly higher level in hemolymph, intestine, mantle, and gonad than others. Besides, the HD group showed lower growth (0.39 ± 0.05 mm/day) and survival (37.00 ± 8.49%) than the ND group (0.55 ± 0.02 mm/day and 76.82 ± 5.78%). More importantly, the HD group exhibited significantly lower expression levels of CnMyD88 in their examined tissues than the ND group. After V. parahaemolyticus challenging, CnMyD88 had significantly lower expression levels in the scallops from the HD group than that of the scallops from the ND group at 6th, 24th, and 36th. The present results indicated that high stocking density not only made adverse impacts on growth and survival but also may induce immunosuppression in the noble scallop. Therefore, appropriate low stocking density may be worth considering to adopt in scallop aquaculture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism
  11. Mitigation of oxidative stress damage caused by abiotic stress to improve biomass yield of microalgae: A review
    Zhu J, Cai Y, Wakisaka M, Yang Z, Yin Y, Fang W, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2023 Oct 20;896:165200.
    PMID: 37400020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165200
    Microalgae have been recognized as emerging cell factories due to the high value-added bio-products. However, the balance between algal growth and the accumulation of metabolites is always the main contradiction in algal biomass production. Hence, the security and effectiveness of regulating microalgal growth and metabolism simultaneously have drawn substantial attention. Since the correspondence between microalgal growth and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level has been confirmed, improving its growth under oxidative stress and promoting biomass accumulation under non-oxidative stress by exogenous mitigators is feasible. This paper first introduced ROS generation in microalgae and described the effects of different abiotic stresses on the physiological and biochemical status of microalgae from these aspects associated with growth, cell morphology and structure, and antioxidant system. Secondly, the role of exogenous mitigators with different mechanisms in alleviating abiotic stress was concluded. Finally, the possibility of exogenous antioxidants regulating microalgal growth and improving the accumulation of specific products under non-stress conditions was discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/metabolism; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
  12. NES-REBS: A novel nuclear export signal prediction method using regular expressions and biochemical properties
    Wu T, Wang X, Zhang Z, Gong F, Song T, Chen Z, et al.
    J Bioinform Comput Biol, 2016 06;14(3):1650013.
    PMID: 27225342 DOI: 10.1142/S021972001650013X
    A nuclear export signal (NES) is a protein localization signal, which is involved in binding of cargo proteins to nuclear export receptor, thus contributes to regulate localization of cellular proteins. Consensus sequences of NES have been used to detect NES from protein sequences, but suffer from poor predictive power. Some recent peering works were proposed to use biochemical properties of experimental verified NES to refine NES candidates. Those methods can achieve high prediction rates, but their execution time will become unacceptable for large-scale NES searching if too much properties are involved. In this work, we developed a novel computational approach, named NES-REBS, to search NES from protein sequences, where biochemical properties of experimental verified NES, including secondary structure and surface accessibility, are utilized to refine NES candidates obtained by matching popular consensus sequences. We test our method by searching 262 experimental verified NES from 221 NES-containing protein sequences. It is obtained that NES-REBS runs in 2-3[Formula: see text]mins and performs well by achieving precision rate 47.2% and sensitivity 54.6%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Proteins/metabolism*
  13. Fulltext The effect of tillage systems on phosphorus distribution and forms in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil under maize (Zea mays L.) in Northeast China
    Xomphoutheb T, Jiao S, Guo X, Mabagala FS, Sui B, Wang H, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2020 04 20;10(1):6574.
    PMID: 32313140 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63567-7
    An appropriate tillage method must be implemented by maize growers to improve phosphorus dynamics in the soil in order to increase phosphorus uptake by plant. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tillage systems on phosphorus and its fractions in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils under maize. An experimental field was established, with phosphate fertilizers applied to four treatment plots: continuous rotary tillage (CR), continuous no-tillage (CN), plowing-rotary tillage (PR), and plowing-no tillage (PN). Under the different tillage methods, the available P was increased in the non-rhizosphere region. However, the concentration of available P was reduced in the rhizosphere soil region. The soil available P decreased with the age of the crop until the maize reached physiological maturity. The non-rhizosphere region had 132.9%, 82.5%, 259.8%, and 148.4% more available P than the rhizosphere region under the CR, PR, CN, and PN treatments, respectively. The continuous no-tillage method (CN) improved the uptake of soil phosphate by maize. The concentrations of Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Fe-P, Al-P and O-P at the maturity stage were significantly lower than other seedling stages. However, there was no significant relationship between total P and the P fractions. Therefore, a continuous no-tillage method (CN) can be used by farmers to improve phosphorus availability for spring maize. Soil management practices minimizing soil disturbance can be used to impove phosphorus availability for maize roots, increase alkaline phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soil and increase the abundance of different phosphorus fractions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Zea mays/metabolism*; Phosphates/metabolism; Phosphorus/metabolism*; Plant Roots/metabolism*
  14. Immuno-probed multiwalled carbon nanotube surface for abdominal aortic aneurysm biomarker analysis
    Zhao X, Gopinath SCB, Zhao W
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2023 Apr;70(2):502-508.
    PMID: 35661417 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2372
    Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a medical complication, occurs when the aortic area becomes swollen and very large. It is mandatory to identify AAA to avoid the breakdown of aneurysms. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been recognized as one of the biomarkers for identifying AAA due to the possibility of CRP produced in vascular tissue, which contributes to the formation of an aneurysm, and it is elevated in patients with a ruptured AAA. This research work was designed to develop an immunosensor on a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-modified surface to quantify the CRP level. Anti-CRP specificity was constructed on the MWCNT surface through a silane linker to interact with CRP. The detection limit of CRP was calculated as 100 pM with an R2 (determination coefficient) value of 0.9855 (y = 2.3446x - 1.9922) on a linear regression graph. The dose-dependent linear pattern was registered from 200 to 3000 pM and attained the saturation level during binding at 3000 pM. Furthermore, serum-spiked CRP showed a clear increase in the current response, proving the specific recognition of CRP in biological samples. This designed biosensor identifies CRP at a lower level and can help diagnose AAA.
    Matched MeSH terms: C-Reactive Protein/metabolism
  15. Electroimmunodetection of cardiac C-reactive protein for determining myocardial Injury
    Gan X, Gong T, Zheng Y, Gopinath SCB, Zhao K
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2021 Apr;68(2):272-278.
    PMID: 32275089 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1921
    C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant to be a marker of inflammation and has been correlated with the cardiac injury. An immunoassay was performed using anti-human CRP antibody on an InterDigitated electrode (IDE) sensor to determine and specify CRP concentration for diagnosing the condition of myocardial inflammation. To promote the detection, gold nanoparticle (GNP) was seeded on the aminated-IDE surface. Anti-CRP was hitched on the GNP-seeded surface and identified the abundance of CRP. The limit of quantification was found as 100 fM, and the higher current response was noticed by increasing CRP concentrations with the sensitivity at 1 pM. Furthermore, CRP-spiked human serum did not interfere the determination of CRP and increased the current response, indicating suitability for a real-life sample. Similarly, the control experiments with nonimmune antibody Troponin I are not showing the definite current responses, proving the selective identification of CRP. This method of diagnosing is needful to determine the cardiovascular injury at the right time.
    Matched MeSH terms: C-Reactive Protein/metabolism*
  16. Antioxidants improve β-cypermethrin degradation by alleviating oxidative damage and increasing bioavailability by Bacillus cereus GW-01
    Xie Y, Gong L, Liu S, Yan J, Zhao S, Xia C, et al.
    Environ Res, 2023 Nov 01;236(Pt 1):116680.
    PMID: 37500036 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116680
    Microbial degradation of pesticide residues has the potential to reduce their hazards to human and environmental health. However, in some cases, degradation can activate pesticides, making them more toxic to microbes. Here we report on the β-cypermethrin (β-CY) toxicity to Bacillus cereus GW-01, a recently described β-CY degrader, and effects of antioxidants on β-CY degradation. GW-01 exposed to β-CY negatively affected the growth rate. The highest maximum specific growth rate (μm) appeared at 25 mg/L β-CY. β-CY induced the oxidative stress in GW-01. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalyse (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were significantly higher than that in control (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism; Bacillus cereus/metabolism
  17. Fulltext Modulation of platelet functions by crude rice (Oryza sativa) bran policosanol extract
    Wong WT, Ismail M, Imam MU, Zhang YD
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2016 Jul 28;16:252.
    PMID: 27465266 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1223-9
    Rice bran is bioactive-rich and has proven health benefits for humans. Moreover, its source, the brown rice has antioxidant, hypolipidemic and other functional properties that are increasingly making it a nutritional staple especially in Asian countries. This study investigated the antiplatelet aggregation mechanisms of crude hexane/methanolic rice bran extract, in which policosanol was the targeted bioactive. Platelets play a vital role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, and their increased activities could potentially cause arterial thrombus formation or severe bleeding disorders. Thus, in this study, platelet aggregation and adhesion of platelets to major components of basal lamina were examined in vitro. In addition, cellular protein secretion was quantified as a measurement of platelet activation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism; Collagen/metabolism; Arachidonic Acid/metabolism
  18. Fulltext Modulation of Crustacean Innate Immune Response by Amino Acids and Their Metabolites: Inferences From Other Species
    Huang Z, Aweya JJ, Zhu C, Tran NT, Hong Y, Li S, et al.
    Front Immunol, 2020;11:574721.
    PMID: 33224140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574721
    Aquaculture production of crustaceans (mainly shrimp and crabs) has expanded globally, but disease outbreaks and pathogenic infections have hampered production in the last two decades. As invertebrates, crustaceans lack an adaptive immune system and mainly defend and protect themselves using their innate immune system. The immune system derives energy and metabolites from nutrients, with amino acids constituting one such source. A growing number of studies have shown that amino acids and their metabolites are involved in the activation, synthesis, proliferation, and differentiation of immune cells, as well as in the activation of immune related signaling pathways, reduction of inflammatory response and regulation of oxidative stress. Key enzymes in amino acid metabolism have also been implicated in the regulation of the immune system. Here, we reviewed the role played by amino acids and their metabolites in immune-modulation in crustaceans. Information is inferred from mammals and fish where none exists for crustaceans. Research themes are identified and the relevant research gaps highlighted for further studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Amino Acids/metabolism; Crustacea/metabolism; Immune System/metabolism
  19. The influence of metformin on IGF-1 levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Yang X, Kord-Varkaneh H, Talaei S, Clark CCT, Zanghelini F, Tan SC, et al.
    Pharmacol Res, 2020 01;151:104588.
    PMID: 31816435 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104588
    BACKGROUND: A meta-analysis is needed to comprehensively consolidate findings from the influence of metformin on IGF-1 levels. The present study was conducted with the objective to accurately evaluate the influence of metformin intake on IGF-1 levels via a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

    METHODS: A comprehensive systematic search was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Embase from inception until June 2019. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with the 95 % CI were applied for estimating the effects of metformin on serum IGF-1 levels.

    RESULTS: 11 studies involving a total of 569 individuals reported changes in IGF-1 plasma concentrations as an outcome measure. Pooled results demonstrated an overall non-significant decline in IGF-1 following metformin intake (WMD: -8.292 ng/ml, 95 % CI: -20.248, 3.664, p = 0.174) with heterogeneity among (p = 0.000,I2 = 87.1 %). The subgroup analyses displayed that intervention duration <12 weeks on children (WMD:-55.402 ng/ml, 95 % CI: -79.845, -30.960, I2 = 0.0 %) significantly reduced IGF-1. Moreover, in age 18 < years older metformin intake (WMD: 15.125 ng/ml, 95 % CI: 5.522, 24.729, I2 = 92.5 %) significantly increased IGF-1 than 18 ≤ years older (WMD:-1.038 ng/ml, 95 % CI: -3.578,1.502,I2 = 78.0 %). Following dose-response evaluation, metformin intake reduced IGF-1 (coefficient for dose-response analysis= -13.14, P = 0.041 and coefficient for liner analysis= -0.066, P = 0.038) significantly based on treatment duration.

    CONCLUSION: We found in children, intervention duration <12 weeks yielded significant reductions in IGF-1, whilst paradoxically, in participants >18 years old, metformin intake significantly increased IGF-1. We suggest that caution be taken when interpreting the findings of this review, particularly given the discordant supplementation practices between children and adults.

    Matched MeSH terms: Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
  20. Fulltext Cephalomannine inhibits hypoxia-induced cellular function via the suppression of APEX1/HIF-1α interaction in lung cancer
    Ullah A, Leong SW, Wang J, Wu Q, Ghauri MA, Sarwar A, et al.
    Cell Death Dis, 2021 05 14;12(5):490.
    PMID: 33990544 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03771-z
    Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. As one of the key features of tumor microenvironment, hypoxia conditions are associated with poor prognosis in LC patients. Upregulation of hypoxic-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) leads to the activation of various factors that contribute to the increased drug resistance, proliferation, and migration of tumor cells. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (APEX1) is a multi-functional protein that regulates several transcription factors, including HIF-1α, that contribute to tumor growth, oxidative stress responses, and DNA damage. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying cell responses to hypoxia and modulation of APEX1, which regulate HIF-1α and downstream pathways. We found that hypoxia-induced APEX1/HIF-1α pathways regulate several key cellular functions, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9)-mediated intracellular pH, migration, and angiogenesis. Cephalomannine (CPM), a natural compound, exerted inhibitory effects in hypoxic LC cells via the inhibition of APEX1/HIF-1α interaction in vitro and in vivo. CPM can significantly inhibit cell viability, ROS production, intracellular pH, and migration in hypoxic LC cells as well as angiogenesis of HUVECs under hypoxia through the inhibition of APEX1/HIF-1α interaction. Taken together, CPM could be considered as a promising compound for LC treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism*; DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase/metabolism*; Taxoids/metabolism*
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