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Patterns of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in palm plantation occupation

Henry LJ, Jafarzadeh Esfehani A, Ramli A, Ishak I, Justine M, Mohan V

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):NP1785-92.
PMID: 23417907 DOI: 10.1177/1010539513475657

This study investigated the patterns of ongoing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) and exposure risk to musculoskeletal injuries for various body regions among palm plantation workers. Standard Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (SNMQ) was used to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders symptoms. The Quick Exposure check (QEC) was used to assess the exposure risk of farmers to WRMDs. The common pattern of WRMDs was back pain (40%), followed by shoulder pain (19%). The QEC revealed high exposure risk for neck (56%), followed by back (45.6%). The results from the SNMQ showed that 58% reported pain in 1 region, followed by 2 regions (10.7%) and 3 regions (3.6%). Back pain and shoulder pain were found to be common among workers in palm plantation occupation. Nevertheless, the neck region appeared to have the highest risk of exposure to injuries.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Fulltext A hospital-based study on seroprevalence of leptospirosis among febrile cases in northeastern Malaysia

Rafizah AA, Aziah BD, Azwany YN, Imran MK, Rusli AM, Nazri SM, et al.

Int J Infect Dis, 2013 Jun;17(6):e394-7.
PMID: 23357246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.12.012

To determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among febrile inpatient cases in northeastern Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Fulltext Towards an effective control programme of soil-transmitted helminth infections among Orang Asli in rural Malaysia. Part 1: prevalence and associated key factors

Nasr NA, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Ahmed A, Roslan MA, Bulgiba A

Parasit Vectors, 2013;6:27.
PMID: 23356952 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-27

Despite the continuous efforts to improve the quality of life of Orang Asli (Aborigines) communities, these communities are still plagued with a wide range of health problems including parasitic infections. The first part of this study aimed at determining the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections and identifying their associated factors among rural Orang Asli children.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Fulltext Dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer in Tehran Province: a case-control study

Safari A, Shariff ZM, Kandiah M, Rashidkhani B, Fereidooni F

BMC Public Health, 2013;13:222.
PMID: 23497250 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-222

Colorectal cancer is the third and fourth leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality among men and women, respectively in Iran. However, the role of dietary factors that could contribute to this high cancer incidence remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine major dietary patterns and its relationship with colorectal cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Fulltext Prevalence and associated factors of stress, anxiety and depression among prospective medical students

Yusoff MS, Abdul Rahim AF, Baba AA, Ismail SB, Mat Pa MN, Esa AR

Asian J Psychiatr, 2013 Apr;6(2):128-33.
PMID: 23466109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2012.09.012

Many studies have reported that the prevalence of psychological distress among medical students during medical training was high. However, there are very few studies exploring on the psychological health of prospective medical students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors for stress, anxiety and depression symptoms among the prospective medical students. A cross-sectional study was done on two cohorts of applicants to a public medical school. A total of 839 applicants were invited to participate in the study. The 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was administered to the applicants after they completed interviews. A total of 743 (92.2%) applicants took part in the study. The prevalence of moderate to extremely severe level of stress, anxiety and depression were 3.6%, 54.5% and 1.9%, respectively. Stress was significantly associated with extra-curricular activity (p<0.001) and race (p<0.001). Anxiety was associated with extra-curricular activity (p<0.001), race (p<0.001), mother education level (p=0.002) and CGPA group (p=0.034). Depression was associated with academic performance in class (p<0.001) and race (p=0.004). Prevalence of stress and depression among entering medical students was low; however prevalence of anxiety was high which could be due to worry about the interviews to enter medical course. The associated factors of psychological distress among prospective medical students were related to academic, non-academic, parent education and cultural backgrounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Risk factors of erectile dysfunction in patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy

Nik Jaafar NR, Mislan N, Abdul Aziz S, Baharudin A, Ibrahim N, Midin M, et al.

J Sex Med, 2013 Aug;10(8):2069-76.
PMID: 23445463 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12105

INTRODUCTION: While methadone effectively treats opiate dependence, the side effect of erectile dysfunction (ED) may interfere with treatment adherence and benefits.
AIM:To determine the rate of ED and the associated factors which predict ED in male patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) in a Malaysian population.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were the International Index of Erectile Function-15 (IIEF-15) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).
METHODS: A total of 108 participants diagnosed with heroin dependence were assessed. We used the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I Disorders (SCID-I) on subjects who received MMT, and they were assessed using the IIEF-15, the BDI, and measures of other clinical and sociodemographic variables.
RESULTS: The rate of ED among men on MMT was 68.5% (mild ED, 36.1%; mild to moderate ED, 22.2%; severe ED, 3.7%). The mean age of the participants was 43.45 years. Older age (P = 0.002), concurrent illicit heroin use (P = 0.024), and having an older partner (P = 0.039) were significantly associated with ED. Following multivariate analysis, it was found that older age was the only significant predictor of ED, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.07 (95% CI = 1.02-1.16). Methadone dose and duration of methadone treatment were not significantly associated with ED.
CONCLUSION: ED was highly prevalent among male patients on MMT. This suggests that there is a need for routine assessment of sexual function in patients on methadone. Among the risk factors, age was the only factor that was significantly associated with ED. The current use of MMT in Malaysia in terms of dosage and duration did not pose a significant risk for ED.
KEYWORDS: Erectile Dysfunction; Methadone Therapy; Opiate Dependence
Study site: outpatient clinic for opiate substitution therapy, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (HKL), Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Prevalence of cigarette smoking and associated factors among secondary school teachers in Malaysia

Al-Naggar RA, Jawad AA, Bobryshev YV

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012;13(11):5539-43.
PMID: 23317214

OBJECTIVE: The smoking prevalence in Malaysia is high, especially among men and adolescents. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors towards cigarette smoking among school teachers in Malaysia.
METHODOLOGY: This study was a school-based cross-sectional study conducted among 495 secondary school teachers. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of 29 questions categorized into two sections: socio-demographic characteristics and smoking behaviour. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program 13.0. ANOVA; t-tests were used in univariate analysis; multiple linear regression was applied for multivariate analysis.
RESULTS: The majority of the participants were female (81.6%), in the age group ranged between 30-39 years (44%), Malay (90.1%), married (89.7%), degree holders (85.1%), with monthly income ranged between 3000-3999 Ringgit Malaysia (33.5%), from urban areas (94.7%), their specialty is social studies (33.9%) and with no family history of cancer (83.6%). The prevalence of smoking among school teachers in Malaysia was found to be 7.8%. Regarding reasons to start smoking among school teachers: the major reason was found to be relaxation (33.3%), followed by stress-relief (28.2%). Univariate analysis showed that sex, educational status, monthly income and residency were significantly associated with smoking among school teachers (p<0.001, p=0.004, p=0.031, p=0.010; respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that gender and marital status were significantly associated with smoking among school teachers (p<0.001, p=0.033; respectively).
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of smoking among school teachers in Malaysia was found to be relatively low. Sex, marital status, educational status, monthly income and residency were significantly associated with smoking among school teachers.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
An international comparison of women's occupational health issues in the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Canada, Hong Kong and Singapore: the CIDA-SEAGEP study

Choi BC

Occup Med (Lond), 2005 Oct;55(7):515-22.
PMID: 16174662

An international comparison study of women's occupational health issues was carried out in 2000 for the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Canada, Hong Kong and Singapore. The study was funded by the Canadian International Development Agency's Southeast Asia Gender Equity Program.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Poor correlation between hemolysis and jaundice in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient babies

Jalloh S, Van Rostenberghe H, Yusoff NM, Ghazali S, Nik Ismail NZ, Matsuo M, et al.

Pediatr Int, 2005 Jun;47(3):258-61.
PMID: 15910447

The role of hemolysis in the pathophysiology of neonatal jaundice (NNJ) in patients with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency has been questioned recently. The aim of the present study was to determine the contribution of hemolysis to the pathophysiology of jaundice in Malay neonates with G6PD deficiency and NNJ.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Fulltext Wrong conclusion when the statistical test is incorrect

Norsa'adah B

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):692; author reply 693-5.
PMID: 15889579
Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Risk factors for augmentation of the flow of blood to the lungs in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum after radiofrequency valvotomy

Alwi M, Kandavello G, Choo KK, Aziz BA, Samion H, Latiff HA

Cardiol Young, 2005 Apr;15(2):141-7.
PMID: 15845156

Some patients with pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum, mild to moderate right ventricular hypoplasia, and a patent infundibulum remain duct dependent on the flow of blood through the arterial duct despite adequate relief of the obstruction within the right ventricular outflow tract. The objective of our study was to review the risk factors for stenting of the patent arterial duct, or construction of a Blalock-Taussig shunt, in the patients with pulmonary atresia and an intact ventricular septum who remain duct-dependent following radiofrequency valvotomy and dilation of the imperforate pulmonary valve. We reviewed the data from 53 patients seen between November 1995 and December 2001. Of the 47 patients who survived, 6 required stenting of the patent arterial duct, while 4 needed construction of a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt to augment the flow of blood to the lungs at a mean of 7 plus or minus 5.7 days following the initial intervention. The remaining 37 patients required no additional procedures. We compared the findings in these two groups. The mean diameter of the tricuspid valve in the patients requiring early reintervention was 8.5 plus or minus 3.7 millimetres, giving a Z-score of -1.1 plus or minus 1.47, whilst those in the group without early reintervention had values of 10.7 plus or minus 2.2 millimetres, giving a Z-score of -0.58 plus or minus 1.18 (p equal to 0.003). No statistically significant differences were found in right ventricular morphology, McGoon ratio, or residual obstruction across the right ventricular outflow tract after decompression of the right ventricle. The diameter of the tricuspid valve, therefore, appears to be the only factor predicting the need for augmentation of flow of blood to the lungs. As just over one-fifth of our survivors required such augmentation, we hypothesize that stenting of the patent arterial duct may be performed as an integral part of primary transcatheter therapy in patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum who have moderate right ventricular hypoplasia and a small tricuspid valve.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Fulltext Martial arts injuries

Pieter W

Med Sport Sci, 2005;48:59-73.
PMID: 16247253 DOI: 10.1159/000084283

OBJECTIVE: To review the current evidence for the epidemiology of pediatric injuries in martial arts.
DATA SOURCES: The relevant literature was searched using SPORT DISCUS (keywords: martial arts injuries, judo injuries, karate injuries, and taekwondo injuries and ProQuest (keywords: martial arts, taekwondo, karate, and judo), as well as hand searches of the reference lists.
MAIN RESULTS: In general, the absolute number of injuries in girls is lower than in boys. However, when expressed relative to exposure, the injury rates of girls are higher. Injuries by body region reflect the specific techniques and rules of the martial art. The upper extremities tend to get injured more often in judo, the head and face in karate and the lower extremities in taekwondo. Activities engaged in at the time of injury included performing a kick or being thrown in judo, while punching in karate, and performing a roundhouse kick in taekwondo. Injury type tends to be martial art specific with sprains reported in judo and taekwondo and epistaxis in karate. Injury risk factors in martial arts include age, body weight and exposure.
CONCLUSIONS: Preventive measures should focus on education of coaches, referees, athletes, and tournament directors. Although descriptive research should continue, analytical studies are urgently needed.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Hearing screening of infants in Neonatal Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions

Khairi MD, Din S, Shahid H, Normastura AR

J Laryngol Otol, 2005 Sep;119(9):678-83.
PMID: 16156907

The objective of this prospective study was to report on the prevalence of hearing impairment in the neonatal unit population. From 15 February 2000 to 15 March 2000 and from 15 February 2001 to 15 May 2001, 401 neonates were screened using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) followed by second-stage screening of those infants who failed the initial test. Eight (2 per cent) infants failed one ear and 23 (5.74 per cent) infants failed both ears, adding up to 7.74 per cent planned for second-stage screening. Five out of 22 infants who came for the follow up failed the screening, resulting in a prevalence of hearing impairment of 1 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.0-2.0). Craniofacial malformations, very low birth weight, ototoxic medication, stigmata/syndromes associated with hearing loss and hyperbilirubinaemia at the level of exchange tranfusion were identified to be independent significant risk factors for hearing impairment, while poor Apgar scores and mechanical ventilation of more than five days were not. In conclusion, hearing screening in high-risk neonates revealed a total of 1 per cent with hearing loss. The changes in the risk profile indicate improved perinatal handling in a neonatal population at risk for hearing disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
ERCP induced complications

Rupa B, Rao GV, Nageshwar DR

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:140.
PMID: 16108197
Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Aetiology and classification of acute liver failure

Rosmawati M

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:125-6.
PMID: 16108192
Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Treatment of immunosuppressed chronic hepatitis B patients

Lau GK

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:57-62.
PMID: 16108175
Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Infections in patient with decompensated cirrhosis

Suresh RL

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:16.
PMID: 16108167
Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Peninsular Malaysia: retrospective study of 195 cases

Nissapatorn V, Kuppusamy I, Rohela M, Anuar AK, Fong MY

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2004;35 Suppl 2:39-45.
PMID: 15906632

During a 2-year retrospective study, 195 non-HIV-infected patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPT) were diagnosed at the National Tuberculosis Center, Kuala Lumpur, representing 10% of all patients with tuberculosis. Their mean age was 39 (+/- SD) 14 years old (range 14-81). The largest age group was 25-34 years, while 78.5% were less than 50 years of age. The subjects were mainly female (50.3%), Malay (49.2%), married (61.5%), resided in Kuala Lumpur (51.0%), and were unemployed (50.3%). Regarding risk factors, they were smokers and/or alcohol users (21.0%), and injecting drug users (IDUs) (5.1%); they also had history of tuberculosis (3.6%) and contact with TB patients (9.2%). Lymphadenopathy was the most common sign (45.6%) shown in the medical records. 42% of x-ray findings (chest, spine, and hip) showed signs consistent with tuberculosis, while histopathology was the most useful diagnostic tool (52.3%) and lymph node was the most frequent specimen used (35.0%) in this study. The three main sites of involvement were lymph nodes (42.6%), miliary and disseminated (19.5%), and pleura (12.8%). The outcome of this study showed 72.8% of these patients had completed treatment for at least 6 months, whilst, only 4.6% of patients were still undergoing treatment, and unfortunately, 22.6% of them showed non-adherence to anti-tubercular therapy at a duration of less than 6 months. However, no MDR-TB or death cases were reported or registered in this study.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Fulltext High blood pressure and associated cardiovascular risk factors in Iran: Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme

Sadeghi M, Roohafza HR, Kelishadi R

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Oct;59(4):460-7.
PMID: 15779578

This study was done to estimate the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) in treated and non-treated subjects with respect to age and gender and its association with other cardiovascular risk factors in Iran. This cross sectional study was performed in three cities of Iran on participants over 19 years at 2002. First a questionnaire consisting of demographic details, drug intake and smoking status was filled. Then physical examination including systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip circumference (WHC) was performed. Fasting blood sample was drawn for sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) and a 2-hour postprandial glucose was also measured. In this study performed on 12494 subjects, 48% were males and 52% females. The mean age of men and women was 38.99+/-15.30 and 38.80+/-14.54 years respectively. The prevalence of high BP in men and women was 15.6% and 18.8% respectively. The prevalence of high BP was higher in women than in men, except in the younger age classes. Overall 26.7% of hypertensive men and 47.7% of hypertensive women were on anti-hypertensive pharmacological treatment. Among the treated patients, BP was under control in 6.4% of the men and 13.8% of the women. In 86.5% of men with high BP and 89.3% of women with high BP, at least one other cardiovascular risk factor was present and its prevalence increased with age in both genders. BMI >25 (especially abdominal obesity) was the most frequent associated risk factor (41.9% in male, 59% in female). Except for smoking, the prevalence of each cardiovascular risk factor increased with the severity of hypertension, except in young women. The prevalence of high BP- even in treated subjects- is high in Iran. Many subjects with high BP have at least one other associated cardiovascular risk factor. These data emphasize the necessity of implementing community-based interventions.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors
Fulltext Positron Emission Tomographic Imaging in Stroke: Cross-Sectional and Follow-Up Assessment of Amyloid in Ischemic Stroke

Sahathevan R, Linden T, Villemagne VL, Churilov L, Ly JV, Rowe C, et al.

Stroke, 2016 Jan;47(1):113-9.
PMID: 26578658 DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.010528

Cardiovascular risk factors significantly increase the risk of developing Alzheimer disease. A possible mechanism may be via ischemic infarction-driving amyloid deposition. We conducted a study to determine the presence of β-amyloid in infarct, peri-infarct, and hemispheric areas after stroke. We hypothesized that an infarct would trigger β-amyloid deposition, with deposition over time.

Matched MeSH terms: Risk Factors

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