Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 564 in total

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  1. Muscle attachment to the condylar process of mandible: anatomical considerations
    Thent ZC, Das S, Mahakkanukrauh P
    Surg Radiol Anat, 2016 07;38(5):635.
    PMID: 26875077 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-016-1641-x
  2. The underlying mechanism of action for various medicinal properties of Piper betle (betel)
    Haslan H, Suhaimi FH, Thent ZC, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2015;166(5):208-14.
    PMID: 26550811 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2015.1880
    Piper betle (betel) plant belongs to the Piperaceae family. Piper. betle is widely known for its potent medicinal properties. Various active compounds are present in Piper. betle such as allylpyrocatechol, hydroxychavicol, piperbetol, ethylpiperbetol, piperol A, piperol B, chavibetol, and alkaloids which account for these beneficial medicinal properties. In the present narrative review, we looked into the various active compounds present in the Piper betle and attempted to understand their underlying mechanism of action. Proper understanding of the molecular biology involving the mechanism of action may help in better drug formulation and provide better therapeutic actions in the field of alternative and complementary medicine.
  3. Fulltext Letter to the editor: Knowledge and Attitude of Nursing Personnel towards Depression in General Hospitals: The Korean Perspective
    Kosai N, Rajan R, Das S
    J Korean Med Sci, 2015 Aug;30(8):1209.
    PMID: 26240503 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.8.1209
  4. Fulltext Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) Facts and Figures: What Every Dermatologist Should Know at this Hour of Need
    Manchanda Y, Das S, De A
    Indian J Dermatol, 2020;65(4):251-258.
    PMID: 32831363 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_360_20
    Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected India and the world as a whole, like nothing in the recent history and we, dermatologists, are also affected directly or indirectly. In this review, we have tried to address the COVID-19-related information we need to be aware of as a health-care professional. We have discussed the relevant details of the disease: the agent, the symptomatology, common preventive measures, investigations, and management outline. We have also discussed the implications of COVID-19 in dermatology practice and given a basic guideline for dermatology practice during the pandemic.
  5. Schizophrenia and Nicotine Dependence: What Psychopharmacological Treatment Options are Available for the Duo Perturbationes?
    Theng YM, Wahab S, Wahab NAA, Sidi H, Das S
    Curr Drug Targets, 2019;20(2):173-181.
    PMID: 29046149 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666171017163741
    Nicotine dependence has progressively become a foremost community health interest in both the developed and developing nations due to the economic burden and health-related problems. Smoking was significantly higher among patients with schizophrenia in comparison to the general population. Nicotine dependence is not only associated with public stress, but among patients with schizophrenia, smoking brings major challenges to the management. Nicotine may diminish the therapeutic efficacy of the bioavailability of the psychopharmacological agents in-vivo. These duo perturbations, i.e. two clinical conditions co-existed may prevent psychotic symptoms remission among patients suffering from schizophrenia who smoke at the same time. The aim of this review was to highlight the role of pharmacological treatment options and strategies for patients with nicotine dependence in schizophrenia with emphasis on the underlying neurobiological process. The role of nicotine replacement therapy, i.e. norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibition (NDRI) e.g. bupropion and selective partial agonist of α4β2 and full α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor e.g. varenicline was deliberated. An ideal choice of drug targets for patients with schizophrenia with nicotine dependence is pivotal to foster a better therapeutic alliance.
  6. Herbs for Effective Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Wounds: Medicinal Chemistry and Future Therapeutic Options
    Hussan F, Yahaya MF, Teoh SL, Das S
    Mini Rev Med Chem, 2018;18(8):697-710.
    PMID: 28971772 DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666170927155707
    The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased globally. Various complications such as blindness, nephropathy leading to renal failure, neuropathy, foot ulceration, amputation, and disturbance in autonomic nervous system were reported. Although, allopathy treatment still remains the treatment of choice, there is a need to look at the easy availability, patient compliance and cheaper cost of the drugs used in day-day practice. In this regard, complementary and alternative medicine has a greater role to play. Numerous plant extracts were shown to exhibit antihyperglycemic properties. In the present review, we surfed published literature in Pubmed and google databases with regard to the herbs used for DM wound treatment. We also discuss the possible mechanism of wound healing in DM with regard to advanced glycation end products, inflammation, macrophages, non-leukocytic cells such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, matrix metalloproteinase and miRNA. The review opens the door for effective treatment of DM wounds with plant extracts and plan future treatment options.
  7. Fulltext Oxidative Stress in Oral Diseases: Understanding Its Relation with Other Systemic Diseases
    Kumar J, Teoh SL, Das S, Mahakknaukrauh P
    Front Physiol, 2017;8:693.
    PMID: 28959211 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00693
    Oxidative stress occurs in diabetes, various cancers, liver diseases, stroke, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation, and other degenerative diseases related to the nervous system. The free radicals have deleterious effect on various organs of the body. This is due to lipid peroxidation and irreversible protein modification that leads to cellular apoptosis or programmed cell death. During recent years, there is a rise in the oral diseases related to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress in oral disease is related to other systemic diseases in the body such as periodontitis, cardiovascular, pancreatic, gastric, and liver diseases. In the present review, we discuss the various pathways that mediate oxidative cellular damage. Numerous pathways mediate oxidative cellular damage and these include caspase pathway, PERK/NRF2 pathway, NADPH oxidase 4 pathways and JNK/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. We also discuss the role of inflammatory markers, lipid peroxidation, and role of oxygen species linked to oxidative stress. Knowledge of different pathways, role of inflammatory markers, and importance of low-density lipoprotein, fibrinogen, creatinine, nitric oxide, nitrates, and highly sensitive C-reactive proteins may be helpful in understanding the pathogenesis and plan better treatment for oral diseases which involve oxidative stress.
  8. Fulltext Role of MicroRNA in Proliferation Phase of Wound Healing
    Soliman AM, Das S, Abd Ghafar N, Teoh SL
    Front Genet, 2018;9:38.
    PMID: 29491883 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00038
    Wound healing is a complex biological process that is generally composed of four phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. The proliferation phase is crucial for effective healing compared to other phases. Many critical events occur during this phase, i.e., migration of fibroblasts, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis and wound contraction. Chronic wounds are common and are considered a major public health problem. Therefore, there is the increasing need to discover new therapeutic strategies. MicroRNA (miRNA) research in the field of wound healing is in its early phase, but the knowledge of the recent discoveries is essential for developing effective therapies for the treatment of chronic wounds. In this review, we focused on recently discovered miRNAs which are involved in the proliferation phase of wound healing in the past few years and their role in wound healing.
  9. Fulltext Sleep Related Epilepsy and Pharmacotherapy: An Insight
    Kumar J, Solaiman A, Mahakkanukrauh P, Mohamed R, Das S
    Front Pharmacol, 2018;9:1088.
    PMID: 30319421 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01088
    In the last several decades, sleep-related epilepsy has drawn considerable attention among epileptologists and neuroscientists in the interest of new paradigms of the disease etiology, pathogenesis and management. Sleep-related epilepsy is nocturnal seizures that manifest solely during the sleep state. Sleep comprises two distinct stages i.e., non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) that alternate every 90 min with NREM preceding REM. Current findings indicate that the sleep-related epilepsy manifests predominantly during the synchronized stages of sleep; NREM over REM stage. Sleep related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE), benign partial epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes or benign rolandic epilepsy (BECTS), and Panayiotopoulos Syndrome (PS) are three of the most frequently implicated epilepsies occurring during the sleep state. Although some familial types are described, others are seemingly sporadic occurrences. In the present review, we aim to discuss the predominance of sleep-related epilepsy during NREM, established familial links to the pathogenesis of SHE, BECTS and PS, and highlight the present available pharmacotherapy options.
  10. Anesthetic Molecule Interaction of Noble Gases with Proteins and Lipids and their Effect: A Review
    Kundu SK, Chakraborty C, Yagihara S, Teoh SL, Das S
    Curr Drug Deliv, 2018;15(10):1381-1392.
    PMID: 30124152 DOI: 10.2174/1567201815666180820101255
    Surgical operations are impossible without administering proper analgesia. Advancement in the field of anesthesia has invariably resulted in the accomplishment of all surgical processes without any inconvenience. Admittedly, the use of noble gas is on the decline. The noble gases may not interact chemically with any other substance under normal temperature and pressure but they may interact with proteins and lipids. Different anesthetic molecules may stimulate either proteins or lipids in membrane. There is a connection between the anesthetic molecules and the hydrophobic region of the membrane. In the present review, we attempt to highlight the interaction between the anesthetic molecule with proteins and lipids and their effects. We sketched few noble gases and some other existing molecules such as halothane and alcohol which interacted with proteins and lipids.
  11. Molecular concept of diabetic wound healing: effective role of herbal remedies
    Soliman A, Teoh SL, Ghafar N, Das S
    Mini Rev Med Chem, 2018 Oct 25.
    PMID: 30360709 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181025155204
    The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing worldwide. One of the main complications in DM is delayed wound healing which often requires amputation. Various drugs have been used to treat DM but they present with various complications and patients often do not comply with such treatment. This opens the door for complementary and alternative medicine. In the present review, we explore the molecular concept of wound healing occurring in different stages with special emphasis to DM. We also highlight potential herbal products such as NF3 (Chinese 2-Herb Formula), Zicao, Jing Wan Hong ointment, mixture of Adiantum capillus-veneris, Commiphora molmol, Aloe Vera, and henna, Aleo vera, Phenol-rich compound sweet gel, Jinchuang ointment, San-huang-sheng-fu (S) oil, Yi Bu A Jie extract, Astragali Radix (AR) and Rehmanniae Radix (RR), Yiqi Huayu, Tangzu yuyang ointment, Shengji Huayu recipe, Angelica sinensis, Lithospermun erythrorhison, Hippophae rhamnoides L., Curcuma longa, and Momordica charantia that could be effectively used to treat DM wounds. Future clinical trials are needed for designing potential drugs which may be effective in treating DM wounds.
  12. Fulltext Role of microRNAs in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma
    Soliman AM, Lin TS, Mahakkanukrauh P, Das S
    Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Oct 13;21(20).
    PMID: 33066062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207539
    Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancerous bone disease characterized by malignant transformation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM is considered to be the second most common blood malignancy, with 20,000 new cases reported every year in the USA. Extensive research is currently enduring to validate diagnostic and therapeutic means to manage MM. microRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to be dysregulated in MM cases and to have a potential role in either progression or suppression of MM. Therefore, researchers investigated miRNAs levels in MM plasma cells and created tools to test their impact on tumor growth. In the present review, we discuss the most recently discovered miRNAs and their regulation in MM. Furthermore, we emphasized utilizing miRNAs as potential targets in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of MM, which can be useful for future clinical management.
  13. Fulltext Rare and Unique Case of Midline Anterior Arch of Atlas Non-formation Mimicking Jefferson Type 1 Fracture
    Das S, Palaniandy K, Abu Bakar A, Idris Z, Abdullah JM
    Cureus, 2020 Feb 03;12(2):e6850.
    PMID: 32181085 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6850
    Cervical spine injuries are rare occurrences in children, especially the congenital anomalies of the atlas vertebra. Any injury involving the craniovertebral junction such as Jefferson fracture, is a valid cause for alarm due to the complex nature of the craniovertebral junction and the morbidity associated with it. We report the case of a 10-year-old male, who had failure of fusion of anterior arch of atlas due to the failure of formation of the anterior midline synchondrosis, and this mimicked a Jefferson fracture. If it was not for the peculiar absence of any corresponding evidence to suggest spinal injury, we might have mistaken this extremely rare but benign anomaly for a Jefferson fracture and subjected the patient to needless surgical treatment. Hence, it is concluded that keen clinical acumen and clear understanding of the developmental anatomy of these patients may be necessary to adequately manage them.
  14. A prospective cohort study on quality of life after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis
    Dharmaraj B, Kosai NR, Gendeh H, Ramzisham AR, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2016;167(3):67-71.
    PMID: 27424505 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2016.1928
    BACKGROUND: Hyperhidrosis is an excessive sweating disorder affecting quality of life. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS), introduced by Kux in 1951, is currently the gold standard surgical treatment for primary hyperhidrosis. 75% of patients with primary hyperhidrosis have seen improvement in quality of life within 30 days after surgery. Compensatory hyperhidrosis and pneumothorax (up to 75%) have been reported in patients after surgery. This study evaluates the functional status, self- esteem, compensatory hyperhidrosis and quality of life among patient with primary hyperhidrosis before and after undergoing ETS.
    METHOD: Fifty (n=50) patients between the ages 18 to 30, with primary hyperhidrosis were recruited. Patients answered the quality of life questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire prior to surgery and 30 days post surgery on follow up. Any post-operative complications were documented. Telephone interviews were held for patients who were unable to attend the clinics for follow-up.
    RESULTS: Forty six patients (92%) had symptomatic relieve within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of compensatory sweating was 78% (39 patients), with 6 patients developing severe hyperhidrosis. Two patients who did not experience symptomatic relieve, developed compensatory hyperhidrosis. Pneumothorax was documented in 8 patients (16%), with 6 patients requiring chest tubes. Significant improvement in quality of life and self-esteem was seen among patients after surgery.
    CONCLUSIONS: ETS has shown to significantly improve the quality of life and self-esteem of patients with primary hyperhidrosis within 30 days of surgery. However, the rate of compensatory hyperhidrosis still remains high (78%) which requires a long term evaluation.
    KEYWORDS: Hyperhyrosis; Quality of life; Thoracoscopic Symphatectomy
  15. Fulltext Diabetes mellitus and diet: few important facts to ponder. [Kencing manis dan diet: beberapa fakta penting untuk direnungi bersama]
    Das S, Suhaimi F, Ho C, Ho SE
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2015;13(1):33-37.
    MyJurnal
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia. There is either disturbance in insulin secretion or defective insulin action or even a combination of both. Usually, there are few confounding factors like genetic, obesity, sedentary life style, atherosclerosis, and even faulty dietary habits which lead or aggravate DM. Usually, the individual does not care and often the complications resulting from hyperglycaemia are fatal. Complications in DM involve the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, endocrine, renal and neurological systems in the body. Treatment of diabetic complications is not only costly but it is also a burden on the affected families. The present review discusses the challenges faced in DM with special concern on diet and food habits. Knowledge of proper food consumption may also help an individual combat complication in DM and reduce the mortality and morbidity.
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; complications; food; habits; mortality; morbidity
  16. Anatomical variants of the superficial temporal artery in patients with microtia: a pilot descriptive study
    Imran FH, Yong CK, Das S, Huei YL
    Anat Cell Biol, 2016 Dec;49(4):273-280.
    PMID: 28127502 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2016.49.4.273
    Superficial temporal artery (STA) based pedicled fascial flap plays a pivotal role in ear reconstruction for microtia patients. There is paucity of literature on the anatomy of the STA in microtia patients. The present study aimed to describe any possible anatomical variations seen in the STA of patients afflicted with microtia. Pre-operative carotid computer tomographic angiography images of patients under the microtia database of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit at a tertiary medical centre were selected and 3-dimensionally reconstructed. Measurements were made on the 3D reconstructed computed tomographic angiography images of the STA on both the sides of the microtic ear and the non-microtic ear to assess its various anatomical parameters. We managed to obtain a total of 39 computed tomographic angiography images of STAs for analysis. There was a significant difference in the number of main branches of STA between the two groups (P=0.006). The proportion of ears with 2 main branches was higher in the non-microtia group (89.5%) compared to the microtia group (45.0%). A significant difference was found in the STA diameter between the two groups (P=0.012). The mean diameter of STA in the non-microtia group was larger by 0.4 mm. Furthermore, the median angle of STA was larger on the side of the non-microtic ears compared to that of microtic ears by 24.5°, with a P-value of 0.011. The results of the study may be of clinical importance while planning and performing ear reconstructive surgeries using STA based pedicled fascial flaps.
  17. Therapeutic Targeting of Inflammatory Pathways with Emphasis on NLRP3 Inflammasomes by Natural Products: A Novel Approach for the Treatment of Inflammatory Eye Diseases
    Soliman AM, Sim RH, Das S, Mahakkannurauh P
    Curr Med Chem, 2021 Sep 10.
    PMID: 34514977 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210910154330
    There is an increase in the incidence of inflammatory eye diseases worldwide. Several dysregulated inflammatory pathways, including the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, have been reported to contribute significantly to the pathogenesis and progression of ophthalmic diseases. Although the available allopathic/conventional medicine has demonstrated effectiveness in managing eye diseases, there is an ongoing global demand for alternative therapeutics with minimal adverse drug reactions, easy availability, increase in patient-compliance, and better disease outcome. Therefore, several studies are investigating the utilization of natural products and herbal formulations in impeding inflammatory pathways, including the NLRP3 inflammasome, in order to prevent or manage eye diseases. In the present review, we highlight the recently reported inflammatory pathways with special emphasis on NLRP3 Inflammasomes involved in the development of eye diseases. Furthermore, we present a variety of natural products and phytochemicals that were reported to interfere with these pathways and their underlying mechanisms of action. These natural products represent potential therapeutic applications for the treatment of several inflammatory eye diseases.
  18. The effects of metallothionein in paraquat-induced Parkinson disease model of zebrafish
    Mohamad Najib NH, Yahaya MF, Das S, Teoh SL
    Int J Neurosci, 2023 Dec;133(8):822-833.
    PMID: 34623211 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1990916
    INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Metallothionein has been shown to act as a neuroprotectant in various brain injury. Thus, this study aims to identify the effects of full-length human metallothionein 2 peptide (hMT2) in paraquat-induced brain injury in the zebrafish.

    METHODOLOGY: A total of 80 adult zebrafish were divided into 4 groups namely control, paraquat-treated, pre-hMT2-treated, and post-hMT2-treated groups. Fish were treated with paraquat intraperitoneally every 3 days for 15 days. hMT2 were injected intracranially on day 0 (pre-treated group) and day 16 (post-treated group). Fish were sacrificed on day 22 and the brains were collected for qPCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry analysis.

    RESULTS: qPCR analysis showed that paraquat treatment down-regulated the expression of genes related to dopamine activity and biosynthesis (dat and th1) and neuroprotective agent (bdnf). Paraquat treatment also up-regulated the expression of the mt2, smtb and proinflammatory genes (il-1α, il-1β, tnf-α and cox-2). hMT2 treatment was able to reverse the effects of paraquat. Lipid peroxidation decreased in the paraquat and pre-hMT2-treated groups. However, lipid peroxidation increased in the post-hMT2-treated group. Paraquat treatment also led to a reduction of dopaminergic neurons while their numbers showed an increase following hMT2 treatment.

    CONCLUSION: Paraquat has been identified as one of the pesticides that can cause the death of dopaminergic neurons and affect dopamine biosynthesis. Treatment with exogenous hMT2 could reverse the effects of paraquat in the zebrafish brain.

  19. A novel nano-anti-malarial induces redox damage and elicits cytokine response to the parasite
    Das S, Tripathy S, Pramanik P, Saha B, Roy S
    Cytokine, 2021 08;144:155555.
    PMID: 33992538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155555
    Emergence and spread of resistant parasites to the newest chemotherapeutic anti-malarial agents are the biggest challenges against malaria control programs. Therefore, developing a novel effective treatment to reduce the overgrowing burden of multidrug resistant malaria is a pressing need. Herein, we have developed a biocompatible and biodegradable, non-toxic chitosan-tripolyphosphate-chloroquine (CS-TPP CQ) nanoparticle. CS-TPP CQ nanoparticles effectively kill the parasite through redox generation and induction of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in both sensitive and resistant parasite in vitro. The in vitro observations showed a strong inhibitory effect (p 
  20. Fulltext Nutrition and physical activity interventions to ameliorate postpartum depression: A scoping review
    Yahya NFS, Teng NIMF, Das S, Juliana N
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2021 Dec;30(4):662-674.
    PMID: 34967195 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202112_30(4).0013
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Globally, there is a high prevalence of postpartum depression (17.7%) reported in a recent study among mothers during the postpartum period. It contributes to poor health and well-being among newly delivered women. We reviewed the published effect of nutrition and physical activity interventions on improving and treating postpartum depression.

    METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: The scoping review was performed using Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. The systematic search was conducted using Scopus, Pubmed, EBSCOHost and Google Scholar in April 2020, updated in March 2021. Only literature published between January 2010 until February 2021 was searched.

    RESULTS: A total of 25 articles were included, of which 23 were randomised controlled trials , and 2 were quasi-experimental studies. Some of studies found improvements in depression (76% out of all studies). On this basis, nutrition or physical activity intervention probably improves postpartum depression. Moreover, the integration of nutrition and physical activity appears to improve depression in the more thorough follow-up of participants . Active involvement of the participant in the interventions was contributory to effectiveness.

    CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition and physical activity interventions with appropriate strategy and delivery are promising options for the management of postpartum maternal mental health. More definitive investigation of non-pharmacological interventions to ameliorate depression among postpartum women is warranted.

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