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Fulltext Fructooligosaccharides in honey and effects of honey on growth of Bifidobacterium longum BB 53

International Food Research Journal, 2010;17(3):557-561.
MyJurnal

This research was carried out to determine the fructooligosaccharides content in local honey samples, namely the wild Malaysian Tualang honey and common wild honey obtained from Tapah, Perak and a commercial Tualang honey. Local wild honeys were found to contain a higher concentration of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) compared to the commercial Tualang honey. The FOS quantified from local wild honeys was inulobiose, kestose and nystose. Nystoses were found at a very low amount in the commercial Tualang honey. The effects of honey on the growth of Bifidobacterium longum BB 536 were investigated. Both wild and commercial honey samples including FOS standard were found to support the growth of B. longum. The pH value of the skim milk + honey inoculated with the probiotic strain decreases as expected. Addition of honey was found to support the growth of B. longum BB 536.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Physico-chemical and microbiological qualities of locally produced raw goat milk

Fatimah, A.B., Lai, C.Y., Saari, N., Zaman, M.Z.

International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(2):739-750.
MyJurnal

Raw goat milk is recognized as one kind of nutritious food owed to its originality and
medicinal values. This study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical and microbiological
qualities of locally produced raw goat milk prior any processing steps during storage. Milk
samples passed organoleptic test and C.O.B. test were mostly (88.89 %) failed in alcohol test.
AOAC Official method of oven drying method, Kjeldahl method and Soxhlet method were
performed in physico-chemical analysis where results obtained were partially in lined with
reported literature due to subjective factors of breeds, geographical areas and feeds. The locally
produced raw goat milk’s compositions are high in water content and low in fat percentage.
Initial total plate count, coliform count and proteolytic count tested were 3.44 log cfu/ml, 1.87
log cfu/ml and 1.97 log cfu/ml, respectively. Storage time showed significant effect on the
bacterial counts (p>0.05) of milk samples. Shelf-life of milk samples were kept up to 12 hours
under ambient temperature (3.95 log cfu/ml) had not exceeded the standard limit. The shelflife
of the milk samples were extended up to 16 days storage under refrigerated temperature
of 4°C. The microbiological quality of the milk samples showed a significant bacteriological
growth upon prolonged storage and high initial coliform count indicates possible poor hygienic
practices at farm level.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Development of novel “energy” snack bar by utilizing local Malaysian ingredients

Ho, L.-H., Tang, J.Y.H., Mazaitul Akma, S., Mohd Aiman, H., Roslan, A.

International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(5):2280-2285.
MyJurnal

The objective of this research is to develop an “energy” snack bar supplying energy and
electrolytes in one bar by utilizing local Malaysian ingredients. The local ingredients used to make
this snack bar were banana, glutinous rice flour, and coconut milk. It is a wholesome nutritious
food for different age groups from adolescents to elderly people. Proximate composition, total
carbohydrate, energy value, and sensory quality of prototype were determined. The developed
snack bar contains 13.23% of moisture, 1.13% of ash, 6.36% of crude protein, 22.39% of
crude fat, 1.16% of crude fibre, 56.89% of total carbohydrate, and 454.51 kcal of energy. The
“energy” snack bar was highly acceptable with desirable sensory quality by all consumers.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Breastfeeding

Koe, Swee-Lee

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2009;3(2):1-2.
MyJurnal

It is ironical to realize that a perfect and free nutritional product, individually produced and naturally distributed to all families, is not universally used. This product is of course breast milk that nurtures the optimal health, growth and development of the human young. Breast milk also protects infants and young children from and prevents diseases in the short and long term. (Copied from article)

Matched MeSH terms: Milk, Human
Fulltext Relationship Between Breast-feeding & Bottle-feeding To Craniofacial & Dental Development

Radzi, Z., Yahya, N.A.

Ann Dent, 2005;12(1):-.
MyJurnal

Breast-feeding offers many benefits to the baby and the mother. For instance, breast milk provides the right balance of nutrients to help an infant grow into a strong and healthy toddler. Even though breastfeeding is a natural process, it is not always easy. In certain situations, some mothers are unable to breastfeed their babies or the babies are unable to adapt to breastfeeding. This will lead to the use of bottle-feeding. The effect of breast-feeding and bottle-feeding on physical growth has been well established but less has been concentrated on the craniofacial growth and dental development. This review reveals the effects of breast-feeding and bottle-feeding on craniofacial growth and dentoalveolar development based on the available literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk, Human
Comparative evaluation of cytotoxic effects of milk from various species on leukemia cell lines

Asmah Rahmat, Rozita Rosli, Tan, Mui Hoon, Nasir Umar-Tsafe, Abdul Manaf Ali, Mohd Fadzelly Abu Bakar

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2006;2(1):1-10.
MyJurnal

Objective: Previous studies have shown milk to contain cancer inhibitors. In this context, this study was conducted to screen the potential cytotoxic properties of four different types of milk, namely cow's milk, goat's milk, mare's milk and human milk.
Methods: In evaluating the cytotoxic properties of milk, two different human leukemia cell lines namely, Raji and CEM-SS were used. The treated and untreated cells of milk were cultured at 37°C in 5% CO2 for 5 days according to standard guidelines. The CellTiter 96® Aqueous (MTS) assay was carried out on the first, third and fifth days to measure cell viability. The percentage of cell viability was determined by comparing the optical density of the treated cells against the untreated controls. One-way ANOYA at p

Matched MeSH terms: Milk, Human
Fulltext Lactose tolerance and intolerance in Malaysians

Barling PM

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(10):0-0.
MyJurnal

This review explores the digestibility of lactose by Malaysians, and the value of milk and other milk-derived products as sources of appropriate nutrition for Malaysians. Increased calcium intake through consumption of milk is an effective mechanism for increasing calcium uptake from the diet and thereby minimising the risk of development of osteoporosis in later life. Detailed information about rates of lactose intolerance, and adaptation to dietary lactose and its consequences for Malaysians, will help in the formulation of dietary advice, and improve commerial food manufaturing practice and Government policy
directed to the minimization of rates of osteoporosis, which presents a substantial morbidity risk to elderly female Asians in particular.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Evaluation of calcium and phosphorus content in virgin coconut oil, coconut milk and coconut water using icpms- assessment of remineralization potential for tooth enamel

Siti Fatimah Rahamat, Zurainie Abllah, Wan Nor Hayati Wan Abd Manan, Anil Azura Jalaludin, Intan Azura Shahdan

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):23-23.
MyJurnal

Dental decays happened due to demineralization of dental minerals because of oral
acidic environment. The minerals that usually dissolved out from the enamel are calcium (Ca) and
phosphorus (P). To ensure more Ca and P absorbed via remineralization, high Ca and P content in
daily diet supply are required. In Malaysia, virgin coconut oil (VCO), coconut milk (CM) and coconut
water (CW) are a few of many major diet component of daily diet. The aim for this study is to
evaluate the Ca and P content of VCO, CM and CW. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Potential of four corn varieties at different harvest stages for silage production in Malaysia

Nazli MH, Halim RA, Abdullah AM, Hussin G, Samsudin AA

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 2019 Feb;32(2):224-232.
PMID: 29879832 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0175

OBJECTIVE: Apart from various climatic differences, corn harvest stage and varieties are two major factors that can influence the yield and quality of corn silage in the tropics. A study was conducted to determine the optimum harvest stage of four corn varieties for silage production in Malaysia.
METHODS: Corn was harvested at four growth stages; silking, milk, dough, and dent stages from four varieties; Sweet Corn hybrid 926, Suwan, breeding test line (BTL) 1 and BTL 2. Using a split plot design, the treatments were then analysed based on the plant growth performance, yield, nutritive and feeding values followed by a financial feasibility study for potential commercialization.
RESULTS: Significant differences and interactions were detected across the parameters suggesting varying responses among the varieties towards the harvest stages. Sweet Corn was best harvested early in the dough stage due to high dry matter (DM) yield, digestible nutrient, and energy content with low fibre portion. Suwan was recommended to be harvested at the dent stage when it gave the highest DM yield with optimum digestible nutrient and energy content with low acid detergent fibre. BTL 1 and BTL 2 varieties can either be harvested at dough or dent stages as the crude protein, crude fibre, DM yield, DM content, digestible nutrient and energy were not significantly different at either stage. Further financial analysis showed that only Sweet Corn production was not financially feasible while Suwan had the best financial appraisal values among the grain varieties.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, only the grain varieties tested had the potential for silage making according to their optimum harvest stage but Suwan is highly recommended for commercialization as it was the most profitable.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Comparison of the viability of probiotics from various cultured-milk drinks in a simulated pH study of the human gastrointestinal tract

Ting, A.S.Y, DeCosta, J.L.

International Food Research Journal, 2009;16(1):59-64.
MyJurnal

Different probiotic strains are incorporated into cultured-milk drinks by respective manufacturers with the common aim of providing health benefits to the consumers. Four common cultured-milk products (brands N, S, V and Y) were evaluated for their quality of probiotic strains used, based on the susceptibility of the probiotics to various pH levels simulated to mimic the gastrointestinal system. Results showed that brands Y and V have higher initial probiotic inoculum compared to brands N and S although probiotics from brands N and S were more tolerant to pH 3. Generally, all probiotic strains preferred higher pH with highest viability of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Streptococcus thermophilus observed at pH 8.1. Our study also discovered that among the four brands tested, brand V contained probiotic strains which are most likely to remain viable after passage through the gastrointestinal system.

Matched MeSH terms: Cultured Milk Products
Fulltext The awareness of the religious laws regarding breast milk donation: a study conducted among the Muslim community in Selangor

Norita Kamaruddin, Nora'inan Bahari, Zanariah Dimon, Nurhayati Abd Ghani

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(3):168-172.
MyJurnal

The awareness of the Muslim community on the importance of understanding breastfeeding according
to Islamic perspective needs to be emphasized in promoting the implementation of breastfeeding in the
best way. This proved that breast milk is the major food after birth and a mother should know the right
and the regulation of breastfeeding in order to be in line with Islamic law. This article aims to discuss
the level of awareness among the Muslim community in Selangor regarding breast milk donation. Data
were collected through a questionnaire distributed to 400 respondents involving three locations in
Selangor, namely in the northern zone (Hulu Selangor district), central zone (Klang district) and
southern zone (Sepang district). The findings showed that the respondents had a moderate level of
awareness regarding milk donation laws with average mean value of 3.26. This finding shows that the
Muslim community in Selangor are concerned about the rights and the regulation of breastfeeding.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk, Human
Fulltext Dairy Farmers' Perceptions of and Actions in Relation to Lameness Management

Babatunde SM, Ramanoon SZ, Shaik Mossadeq WM, Mansor R, Syed Hussain SS

Animals (Basel), 2019 May 23;9(5).
PMID: 31126064 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050270

Lameness continues to be a welfare and economic issue for dairy cows. However, the consequences of lameness seem to be better understood by veterinarians and related personnel in comparison to dairy farmers. Prompt detection and treatment of lame cows is essential in reducing its negative impact on milk processing systems. To that end, understanding farmers' perceptions regarding the significance of lameness to dairy cows is vital. One fundamental aspect is the underestimation of lameness prevalence by dairy farmers, which is as a result of different understanding of the problem. The same applies to their decision to treat lame cows and to adopt various detection and management practices. All of these shortcomings contribute to poor cattle welfare and economic losses in dairy production. This review summarizes the results of studies that have investigated dairy farmers' perceptions of lameness and the associated implications on the wellbeing and productivity of dairy cows. Factors associated with farmers' attitudes toward claw health and lameness management are also presented. Additionally, economic observations relating to lameness prevention, treatment and the adoption of lameness detection systems are also highlighted. To strengthen these points, interventional programmes requiring farmers' participation are discussed as a promising approach in answering some of these challenges. A review of the literature indicates both the opportunities and barriers inherent in the tackling the lameness issue from the farmers' perspectives. Such knowledge is crucial in identifying measures on how to motivate dairy farmers towards proper lameness management.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Modern influences on the breast feeding decision

Lee M

Family Practitioner, 1977;2:64-66.

Some of the factors that could contribute towards influencing a mother's decision on breast-feeding and its success were discussed. One of the most important of such factors is the information and encouragement a mother receives, or fails to receive, when she needs it most. Such information, which is mostly non-medical, includes the technique of breast-feeding. Some of the negative influences on breast-feeding discussed include old wives' tales about diet and elements secreted through the mother's milk, the fear of losing one's figure, the fear by working mothers that breast-feeding is impossible to manage, the hospital practice of separating the mother and new-born for the first 24 hours, the shyness of breast-feeding babies in front of others, the lack of confidence in their own efficiency in breast-feeding, and the belief that breast-feeding is inconvenient. Some of the positive influences which can help towards successful preast-feeding are assistance and support from Breast-feeding Associations, a supportive husband and family, and the physician who makes a point of spending a few minutes to encourage his patient to breast-feed her forthcoming infant. The author called for combined efforts towards the restoration of breast-feeding as every infant's basic right.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Simultaneous preconcentration and determination of sulfonamide antibiotics in milk and yoghurt by dynamic pH junction focusing coupled with capillary electrophoresis

Semail NF, Abdul Keyon AS, Saad B, Kamaruzaman S, Mohamad Zain NN, Lim V, et al.

Talanta, 2022 Jan 01;236:122833.
PMID: 34635223 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122833

A dynamic pH junction was used in capillary electrophoresis (CE-DAD) to on-line preconcentrate, separate, and determine trace amounts of sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) in milk and yoghurt samples in this study. A sample matrix with 0.15% acetic acid and 10% methanol (MeOH) at a pH of 4.0, and a background electrolyte (BGE) that contained 35 mM sodium citrate with 10% MeOH at a pH of 8.5, and an acidic barrage of 0.4% acetic acid with 10% MeOH at a pH of 2.5 were utilised to achieve a stacking effect for SAs through a dynamic pH junction. Under optimised conditions, the proposed preconcentration method showed good linearity (30-500 ng/mL, r2 ≥ 0.9940), low limits of detection (LODs) of 4.1-6.3 ng/mL, and acceptable analytes recovery (81.2-106.9%) with relative standard deviations (RSDs) within 5.3-13.7 (n = 9). The limits of quantification (LOQs) were below the maximum residue limit approved by the European Union (EU) in this type of matrices. Sensitivity enhancement factors of up to 129 were reached with the optimised dynamic pH junction using CE with a diode array detector (DAD). The method was used to determine SAs in fresh milk, low-fat milk, full-cream milk, and yoghurt samples.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Ethnopharmacological Approaches for Therapy of Jaundice: Part II. Highly Used Plant Species from Acanthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Combretaceae, and Fabaceae Families

Tewari D, Mocan A, Parvanov ED, Sah AN, Nabavi SM, Huminiecki L, et al.

Front Pharmacol, 2017;8:519.
PMID: 28848436 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00519

In many developing countries, jaundice is the common symptom of hepatic diseases which are a major cause of mortality. The use of natural product-based therapies is very popular for such hepatic disorders. A great number of medicinal plants have been utilized for this purpose and some facilitated the discovery of active compounds which helped the development of new synthetic drugs against jaundice. However, more epidemiological studies and clinical trials are required for the practical implementation of the plant pharmacotherapy of jaundice. The focus of this second part of our review is on several of the most prominent plants used against jaundice identified in the analysis performed in the first part of the review viz. Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Terminalia chebula Retz., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and some species of genus Phyllanthus. Furthermore, we discuss their physiological effects, biologically active ingredients, and the potential mechanisms of action. Some of the most important active ingredients were silybin (also recommended by German commission), phyllanthin and andrographolide, whose action leads to bilirubin reduction and normalization of the levels of relevant serum enzymes indicative for the pathophysiological status of the liver.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk Thistle
Fulltext Chronic Lactiferous Fistula: A case report

Sharini S, Norie AK, Haida H

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(1):131-134.
MyJurnal

Lactiferous or milk fistula is a tract between the skin and lactiferous duct. Chronic lactiferous duct is uncommon and generally formed during lactating period. It commonly result from complication of the surgical intervention, such as excision biopsy of breast mass or incision and drainage (I&D) for breast abscess. We reported a case of chronic lactiferous fistula secondary to previous I&D for breast abscess in 31 year old lactating woman.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Lactation failure in crossbred Sahiwal Friesian cattle

Murugaiyah M, Ramakrishnan P, Omar AR, Knight CH, Wilde CJ

J Dairy Res, 2001 May;68(2):165-74.
PMID: 11504381

Milk producers in Malaysia make extensive use of crossbred Sahiwal Friesian dairy cattle. These animals have, however, been found susceptible to lactation failure. A survey of cows in an experimental herd of F1 Sahiwal Friesian animals indicated that, in 30% of animals, milk yield decreased to negligible levels within the first 8 weeks post partum. Lactation failure was associated with a progressive increase in the amount of residual milk left in the udder after normal milking. By week 3 of lactation, residual milk volume was significantly greater than that in animals that, based on previous lactation history were not susceptible to lactation failure, and accounted for up to 30% of milk available at the morning milking. The cellular consequences of residual milk accumulation were evident in the activities of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthetase and galactosyltransferase, key enzyme markers of cellular differentiation, which decreased in glands undergoing lactation failure and were lower than values measured in tissue of control cows. Mammary cell number, estimated by tissue DNA content, was also reduced in animals undergoing lactation failure. These indices of mammary development indicate that lactation failure is the result of premature involution in susceptible animals. Premature involution is a predictable consequence of progressive milk stasis in failing lactation, and attributable to an increase in autocrine feedback by inhibitory milk constituents. The progressive increase in residual milk is, on the other hand, unlikely to be attributable to impaired mammary development. Measurements of milk storage during milk accumulation showed no differences between control and lactation failure cows in the distribution of milk between alveolar and cisternal storage compartments. We conclude that lactation failure in Sahiwal Friesian cows is due to a failure of milk removal, and probably the result of an impaired milk ejection reflex rather than to the glands' milk storage characteristics.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk/metabolism; Milk Ejection/physiology*
Performance evaluation and energy potential analysis of anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) in the treatment of simulated milk wastewater

Moideen SNF, Krishnan S, Li YY, Hassim MH, Kamyab H, Nasrullah M, et al.

Chemosphere, 2023 Mar;317:137923.
PMID: 36682635 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137923

An anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) was employed as primary treatment unit for anaerobic treatment of simulated wastewater to produce high effluent quality. A lab scale hollow fiber membrane was used to scrutinize the performance of AnMBR as a potential treatment system for simulated milk wastewater and analyze its energy recovery potential. The 15 L bioreactor was operated continuously at mesophilic conditions (35 °C) with a pH constant of 7.0. The membrane flux was in the range of 9.6-12.6 L/m2. h. The different organic loading rates (OLRs) of 1.61, 3.28, 5.01, and 8.38 g-COD/L/d, of simulated milk wastewater, were fed to the reactor and the biogas production rate was analyzed, respectively. The results revealed that the COD removal efficiencies of 99.54 ± 0.001% were achieved at the OLR of 5.01 gCOD/L/d. The highest methane yield was found to be at OLR of 1.61 gCOD/L/d at HRT of 30 d with the value of 0.33 ± 0.01 L-CH4/gCOD. Moreover, based on the analysis of energy balance in the AnMBR system, it was found that energy is positive at all the given HRTs. The net energy production (NEP) ranged from 2.594 to 3.268 kJ/gCOD, with a maximum NEP value of 3.268 kJ/gCOD at HRT 10 d HRT. Bioenergy recovery with the maximum energy ratio, of 4.237, was achieved with an HRT of 5 d. The study suggests a sizable energy saving with the anaerobic membrane process.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk
Fulltext Challenges experienced by induced lactation women in Malaysia: An exploratory qualitative study

Che Abdul Rahim N, Sulaiman Z, Ismail TAT

PLoS One, 2024;19(1):e0291758.
PMID: 38277383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291758

BACKGROUND: Induction of lactation occurs when breast milk is produced in a human (woman), without going through the process of pregnancy and delivery. Efforts to produce milk by women who had never been pregnant and give birth are not easy. According to the many who have attempted it, it is far more arduous a task than initiating postpartum lactation, but it is possible and worth the effort.
RESEARCH AIM: This study aimed to explore and understand the challenges for women during induced lactation in Malaysia.
METHODS: This qualitative study was done in 2017 and utilized in-depth interview among women who induced lactation in five states based on five regions in Malaysia [Central Region (Selangor), Northern Region (Penang), Southern Region (Johor), East Coast Region (Kelantan), Malaysia Borneo (Sabah)]. All interviews were consented, audio-recorded then transcribed verbatim, followed by identification of main themes.
RESULTS: Data saturation was achieved after interviewing a total of 23 induced lactation women. Data synthesized using thematic analysis revealed six themes describing the main challenges during the induction process were (1) health condition, (2) work commitment, (3) overexertion, (4) not eligible to take leave, (5) inability to follow the treatment plan, and (6) difficulty attaching the adopted baby to initiate breastfeeding during induced lactation process.
CONCLUSIONS: The challenges faced by women during the process of induced lactation were complex and the induced lactation process requires considerable dedication and determination. The findings of this research will help other women and their spouses/partners comprehend the challenges, obstacles, and support that are needed along the induced lactation process. The Government and other stakeholders have roles in more efforts and programs to help these mothers breastfeed their adoptive child and make them feel more accomplished as women and mothers.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk, Human
Discordance in exclusive breastfeeding between maternal recall and deuterium dose-to-mother technique during the first 6 months of infants: A multi-country study in Asia

Winichagoon P, Pongcharoen T, Fadjarwati T, Winarno E, Karim NA, Purevsuren E, et al.

Eur J Clin Nutr, 2024 Feb;78(2):135-140.
PMID: 37838807 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01353-0

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the agreement in EBF between maternal recall and the dose-to-mother (DTM) technique.
METHODS: Indonesia, Malaysia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam participated in the study. A total of 207 and 118 mother-infant pairs were assessed at 3 and 6 months of child's age. Using a standardized questionnaire, mothers were asked to recall child feeding during the previous 24 h, at 3 and 6 months. Those recalled to be EBF proceeded to be assessed using DTM technique. Non-milk oral intake (NMOI) cutoff of 86.6 g/d was used to classify EBF.
RESULTS: According to DTM, 66% of infants were EBF at 3 months, while only 22% were EBF at 6 months. At 3 months, the overall % agreement between maternal recall and DTM method was 68%, kappa 0.06 (95% CI: 0.07-0.20), and at 6 months, the % agreement was only 21%, kappa -0.031 (95% CI -0.168 to 0.107). Human milk intakes were similar at 3 months and 6 months when expressed as g/d, but decreased when expressed as g/kg/d, with a large variation within and between countries; Pakistan being the lowest.
CONCLUSION: This study showed there were declining levels of EBF from 3 to 6 months in the participating countries from Asia and the agreement between maternal recall and DTM technique to classify EBF was low. To ensure that the DTM technique can be more widely used in evaluating breastfeeding promotion programs, consensus on the appropriate NMOI cutoff and simplification of the DTM protocol is necessary.

Matched MeSH terms: Milk, Human

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