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The problem of soil transmitted helminths in squatter areas around Kualalumpur

Yan CW, Ishak F, Hee GL, Devaraj JM, Ismail K, Jalleh RP, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 1978 Sep;33(1):34-43.
PMID: 571513
Fulltext Window-Based Channel Impulse Response Prediction for Time-Varying Ultra-Wideband Channels

Al-Samman AM, Azmi MH, Rahman TA, Khan I, Hindia MN, Fattouh A

PLoS One, 2016;11(12):e0164944.
PMID: 27992445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164944

This work proposes channel impulse response (CIR) prediction for time-varying ultra-wideband (UWB) channels by exploiting the fast movement of channel taps within delay bins. Considering the sparsity of UWB channels, we introduce a window-based CIR (WB-CIR) to approximate the high temporal resolutions of UWB channels. A recursive least square (RLS) algorithm is adopted to predict the time evolution of the WB-CIR. For predicting the future WB-CIR tap of window wk, three RLS filter coefficients are computed from the observed WB-CIRs of the left wk-1, the current wk and the right wk+1 windows. The filter coefficient with the lowest RLS error is used to predict the future WB-CIR tap. To evaluate our proposed prediction method, UWB CIRs are collected through measurement campaigns in outdoor environments considering line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. Under similar computational complexity, our proposed method provides an improvement in prediction errors of approximately 80% for LOS and 63% for NLOS scenarios compared with a conventional method.
Site and species selection for religious release of non-native fauna

Wasserman RJ, Dick JTA, Welch RJ, Dalu T, Magellan K

Conserv Biol, 2019 08;33(4):969-971.
PMID: 30417437 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13250
First Report of "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" on Field Tomatoes in the United States

French-Monar RD, Patton AF, Douglas JM, Abad JA, Schuster G, Wallace RW, et al.

Plant Dis, 2010 Apr;94(4):481.
PMID: 30754480 DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-94-4-0481A

In August 2008, 30% of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in plots in Lubbock County, Texas showed yellowing, lateral stem dieback, upward leaf curling, enlargement of stems, adventitious roots, and swollen nodes. Yellowing in leaves was similar to that seen with zebra chip disease (ZC) of potato that was confirmed in a potato field 112 km away in July 2008 and was associated with a 'Candidatus Liberibacter' species (1), similar to findings earlier in 2008 in New Zealand and California (2,3). Tissue from four symptomatic plants of cv. Spitfire and two of cv. Celebrity were collected and DNA was extracted from midribs and petioles with a FastDNA Spin Kit (Qbiogene, Inc., Carlsbad, CA,). PCR amplification was done with 16S rRNA gene primers OA2 and OI2c, which are specific for "Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum" from potato and tomato and amplify a 1.1-kb fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of this new species (1,3). Amplicons of 1.1 kb were obtained from all samples and these were sequenced in both orientations (McLab, San Francisco, CA). Sequences of the 16S rRNA gene were identical for both Spitfire and Celebrity and were submitted to the NCBI as GenBank Accession Nos. FJ939136 and FJ939137, respectively. On the basis of a BLAST search, sequence alignments revealed 99.9% identity with a new species of 'Ca. Liberibacter' from potato (EU884128 and EU884129) in Texas (1); 99.7% identity with the new species "Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum" described from potato and tomato (3) in New Zealand (EU849020 and EU834130, respectively) and from the potato psyllid Bactericera cockerelli in California (2) (EU812559, EU812556); 97% identity with 'Ca L. asiaticus' from citrus in Malaysia (EU224393) and 94% identity with both 'Ca. L. africanus' and 'Ca. L. americanus' from citrus (EU921620 and AY742824, respectively). A neighbor-joining cladogram constructed using the 16S rRNA gene fragments delineated four clusters corresponding to each species, and these sequences clustered with "Ca. L. solanacearum". A second PCR analysis was conducted with the CL514F/CL514R primer pair, which amplifies a sequence from the rplJ and rplL ribosomal protein genes of "Ca. L. solanacearum". The resulting 669-bp products were 100% identical to a sequence reported from tomato in Mexico (FJ498807). This sequence was submitted to NCBI (GU169328). ZC, a disease causing losses to the potato industry, is associated with a 'Candidatus Liberibacter' species (1-3) and was reported in Central America and Mexico in the 1990s, in Texas in 2000, and more recently in other states in the United States (4). In 2008, a "Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum" was detected on Capsicum annuum, S. betaceum, and Physalis peruviana in New Zealand (3). Several studies have shown that the potato psyllid, B. cockerelli, is a potential vector for this pathogen (2,4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of "Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum" in field tomatoes showing ZC-like foliar disease symptoms in the United States. References: (1). J. A. Abad et al. Plant Dis. 93:108, 2009 (2) A. K. Hansen et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74:5862, 2008. (3) L. W. Liefting et al. Plant Dis. 93:208, 2009. (4) G. A. Secor et al. Plant Dis. 93:574, 2009.
Fulltext Estimation of activity concentrations of radionuclides and their hazard indices in coastal plain sand region of Ogun state

Adewoyin OO, Maxwell O, Akinwumi SA, Adagunodo TA, Embong Z, Saeed MA

Sci Rep, 2022 Feb 08;12(1):2108.
PMID: 35136130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06064-3

Assessment of natural background radionuclides emanating from the subsurface geological features was carried out with the use of gamma-ray spectrometry at various locations at one of the secondary school in Canaan land, Ota, Ogun State. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were revealed to be 12.66 ± 0.76-42.33 ± 1.37, 44.96 ± 1.41-128.70 ± 1.56, 31.30 ± 1.18-453.85 ± 2.43 Bq kg-1 respectively. The mean value of 232Th reported higher than the world reference standard of 50 Bq kg-1. Moreover, the stations closest to the school's laboratory were noticed to be prone to more gamma radiations than the other buildings in the school. Similarly, the results of the radiological parameters estimated varied between 86.04-243.7 Bq kg-1, 40.02-115.4 nGy h-1, 0.049-0.142 mSv y-1 and 0.232-0.658 for Raeq, D(out), AEDE and Hex, respectively. Although, the results of the radiological parameters did not exceed the world safe limits, higher values of these parameters were reported at some stations closer to the school laboratory. It can be concluded that the school laboratory is prone to more gamma radiation than the class rooms and the administrative block. Therefore, the laboratory instructors and staff, who spend longer time in the laboratory, are more liable to the health risk that could result from years of exposure to gamma radiation in the laboratory.
Can Costus afer be used for co-treatment of COVID-19, its symptoms and comorbidities? A novel approach for combating the pandemic and implications for sub-Saharan Africa

Jannat K, Hasan A, Bondhon TA, Mahboob T, Paul AK, Jahan R, et al.

Trop Biomed, 2021 Dec 01;38(4):540-551.
PMID: 35001920 DOI: 10.47665/tb.38.4.097

Despite the huge loss of lives and massive disruption of the world economy by the COVID -19 pandemic caused by SARS -CoV-2, scientists are yet to come out with an effective therapeutic against this viral disease . Several vaccines have obtained 'emergency approval ', but difficulties are being faced in the even distribution of vaccines amongst high- and low- income countries . On top of it, comorbidities associated with COVID -19 like diabetes, hypertension and malaria can seriously impede the treatment of the main disease, thus increasing the fatality rate . This is more so in the context of sub -Saharan African and south Asian countries . Our objective was to demonstrate that a single plant containing different phytoconstituents may be used for treatment of COVID -19 and comorbidities . Towards initial selection of a plant, existing scientific literature was scanned for reported relevant traditional uses, phytochemicals and pharmacological activities of a number of plants and their phytoconstituents pertaining to treatment of COVID-19 symptoms and comorbidities. Molecular docking studies were then performed with phytochemicals of the selected plant and SARS-CoV-2 components - Mpro, and spike protein receptor binding domain and hACE2 interface using AutoDock V ina. We showed that crude extracts of an indigenous African plant, Costus afer having traditional antidiabetic and antimalarial uses, has phytochemicals with high binding affinities for Mpro, and /or spike protein receptor binding domain and hACE2 interface; the various phytochemicals with predicted high binding energies include aferoside C, dibutyl phthalate, nerolidol, suginal, and ± -terpinene, making them potential therapeutics for COVID -19. The results suggest that crude extracts and phytochemicals of C. afer can function as a treatment modality for COVID -19 and comorbidities like especially diabetes and malaria .
Preliminary study of Malaysian fruit bats species diversity in Lenggong Livestock Breeding Center, Perak: Potential risk of spill over infection

Mikail M, Putra TATR, Suri AS, Hezmee MNM, Marina MT

Vet World, 2017 Nov;10(11):1297-1300.
PMID: 29263588 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1297-1300

Aim: Farms that are neighboring wildlife sanctuaries are at risk of spillover infection from wildlife, and the objective of this research is to examine the species diversity of Malaysian fruit bats in livestock farm in determining the possible risk of spill over infection to livestock.
Materials and Methods: Fifty individual fruit bats were captured using six mists net, from May to July 2017. The nets were set at dusk (1830 h) as bats emerge for foraging and monitored at every 30-min intervals throughout the night until dawn when they returned to the roost. The nets were closed for the day until next night, and captured bats were identified to species levels.
Results: All the captured bats were mega chiropterans, and Cynopterus brachyotis was the highest captured species, representing 40% of the total capture. Shannon-Weiner index is 2.80, and Simpson index is 0.2. Our result suggests that there is a degree of species dominance with low diversity in Lenggong Livestock Breeding Center.
Conclusion: We concluded that fruit bats are indeed, encroaching livestock areas and the species identified could be a potential source of infection to susceptible livestock. Hence, an active surveillance should be embarked on farms that border wildlife sanctuaries.
Fulltext Chinese in west Malaysia: the geography of beta thalassaemia mutations

George-Kodiseri E, Yang KG, Kutlar F, Wilson JB, Kutlar A, Stoming TA, et al.

Singapore Med J, 1990 Aug;31(4):374-7.
PMID: 2255937

The overseas Chinese in West Malaysia are almost exclusively from the south-eastern provinces of China-Kwangtung, Fukien, and Kwangsi. To institute a comprehensive thalassaemia control programme for this region we have characterised the beta thalassaemia mutations in 16 Chinese patients from West Malaysia: 4 beta thalassaemia mutations were seen: a) an A----G substitution in the TATA box [-28 base pairs (bp)], an A----T substitution in codon 17 [17 A----T], c) a 4 base pairs - TCTT deletion in codon 41-42 [frameshift mutation (FSC 41-42)], and d) a C----T substitution at the second intervening sequence (IVS 11) position 654. Similar mutations have been described in patients from the south-eastern provinces of China. The delineation of the specific mutations present will enable effective prenatal diagnosis for beta thalassaemia of ethnic Chinese in West Malaysia to be instituted.
Fulltext Pattern of heart disease and pregnancy seen in a Malaysian hospital

Ong HC, Puraviappan AP, Sinnathuray TA, Chong CH, Sen DK

Singapore Med J, 1978 Jun;19(2):93-7.
PMID: 751193

Pregnancy was associated with cardiac disease in 0.94% of pregnancies. 0.66% with rheumatic lesions and 0.25'\'0 with congenital lesions. The Malays had a higher incidence than the Chinese and Indians. Most of the cardiac pregnancies were in patients between 20-30 years of age and gravida 1 to 4. Nevertheless. still about 30% of cardiac pregnancies were in patients 30 years and over in age and 20% in patient gravida 5 and above. Rheumatic lesions predominated. involving mainly the mitral valve. of which the major lesion was mitral stenosis. PDA. ASD and VSD were the major congenital lesions. Major antepartum matemal complications included arrhythmias. heart failure, anemia and pre-eclampsia. Of the arrhythmias. atrial fibrillation and sinus tachycardia occurred most commonly. A high incidence of prophylactic forceps and vacuum deliveries
was evident. There was one matemal death. The majority of infants were bom alive and well.
Fulltext Case report: A rare case of extravesical, extraperitoneal metastasis after transuretheral resection of urothelial carcinoma

Lim HC, Khong TL, Ong TA, Roslani AC, Ang CW

Urol Case Rep, 2020 Mar;29:101017.
PMID: 31867214 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2019.101017

Bladder perforation secondary to transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) increases the risk of tumour cell seeding and eventual extravesical metastasis. Here we presented a case where a patient with localised bladder tumour was initially managed with repeated TURBTs for tumour recurrence. Subsequently he was found to have extravesical pelvic metastasis. This was likely secondary to microperforation of bladder and tumour cell seeding. Microscopic bladder perforation is difficult to diagnose. However patients with confirmed bladder perforation during TURBT would justify systemic radiological cancer surveillance in view of higher risk of metastatic disease.
Fulltext Outcome of a Simple Novel Technique to Reduce Soft Tissue Complications in Open Tendoachilles Injury: A Series of 20 Patients

Mohd J, Bhat NA, Lone ZA, Bhat TA, Afzal T, Dev B, et al.

Malays Orthop J, 2023 Jul;17(2):49-56.
PMID: 37583530 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2307.008

INTRODUCTION: Open tendoachilles injuries are rare and associated with significant soft tissues complications. The objective of the present study was to assess the clinical outcome and safety of a simple and minimally invasive technique, with a goal to assess if it may help minimise flap and wound related complications in open tendoachilles injuries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study of four years duration included 20 patients with open tendoachilles injuries managed with a simple minimally invasive tunnel technique. The primary outcome variable was occurrence of a major soft tissue complication. The secondary outcome variables included functional outcome measured using AOFAS Ankle hind foot score, re-rupture of tendoachilles and need for revision surgery.
RESULTS: None of the patients in the present series developed a serious soft tissue complication. Based upon the AOFAS hind foot scoring system, good to excellent outcome was achieved in 19 (95%) patients. All the patients were able to perform tip toe walking at six months post-surgery. None of the patients had a re-rupture of the tendoachilles and no patient needed a revision surgery. The complications encountered include thickening of the tendon at the repair site (15%), superficial wound infection (5%), stitch granuloma (5%) and hypertrophic scar (5%).
CONCLUSION: This technique seems to be promising in reducing the soft tissue complications associated with the surgical management of open tendoachilles injuries. Most patients had a good final clinical outcome. The technique is safe, simple and reproducible. However, further randomised control studies with a larger sample size assessing the technique are recommended.
Fulltext LCMS dataset on compounds in Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. leaves variant from the East coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Anuar TAFT, Ismail A, Mohamed Suffian IF, Abdul Hamid AA, Arzmi MH, Omar MN

Data Brief, 2021 Dec;39:107485.
PMID: 34761082 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107485

The data presented here is the liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) profile of phytochemical compounds in the aqueous extract of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. leaves. This plant is consumed raw and sometimes added to local dishes of people in Southeast Asia countries. Most importantly, it has ethnomedicinal values mainly in treating diabetes and hypertension, and at the same time, this plant has anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-tumor properties [1]. There are chemical composition variations reported between the same species of different geographical locations, which eventually affect the plant's therapeutic potential [2], [3]. This dataset represents the identified compounds for S. polyanthum (Wight) Walp. leaves, a variant collected from Kuantan, a city located in the Pahang state on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The leaves were then dried in an open-air at room temperature for three weeks, ground, and then macerated in water inside a bath-sonicator, freeze-dried, and then run using LCMS. The LCMS was run using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography equipped with an electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer detector, operated in a negative-ion mode. The mass spectral features from samples raw data were matched with Traditional Medicine (en) and Waters Screening libraries in the Waters UNIFI™ Scientific Information System software version 1.7 (Waters, USA) for compounds identification.
The different forms of haemoglobin E-beta-thalassaemia: molecular characterization and concepts of management

George-Kodiseri E, Faridah K, George-Vadaketh R, Lau PS, Ong MS, Tan TY, et al.

Family Physician, 1989;1:34-42.
Fulltext Machine learning algorithm for ventilator mode selection, pressure and volume control

T A, G G, P AMD, Assaad M

PLoS One, 2024;19(3):e0299653.
PMID: 38478485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299653

Mechanical ventilation techniques are vital for preserving individuals with a serious condition lives in the prolonged hospitalization unit. Nevertheless, an imbalance amid the hospitalized people demands and the respiratory structure could cause to inconsistencies in the patient's inhalation. To tackle this problem, this study presents an Iterative Learning PID Controller (ILC-PID), a unique current cycle feedback type controller that helps in gaining the correct pressure and volume. The paper also offers a clear and complete examination of the primarily efficient neural approach for generating optimal inhalation strategies. Moreover, machine learning-based classifiers are used to evaluate the precision and performance of the ILC-PID controller. These classifiers able to forecast and choose the perfect type for various inhalation modes, eliminating the likelihood that patients will require mechanical ventilation. In pressure control, the suggested accurate neural categorization exhibited an average accuracy rate of 88.2% in continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mode and 91.7% in proportional assist ventilation (PAV) mode while comparing with the other classifiers like ensemble classifier has reduced accuracy rate of 69.5% in CPAP mode and also 71.7% in PAV mode. An average accuracy of 78.9% rate in other classifiers compared to neutral network in CPAP. The neural model had an typical range of 81.6% in CPAP mode and 84.59% in PAV mode for 20 cm H2O of volume created by the neural network classifier in the volume investigation. Compared to the other classifiers, an average of 72.17% was in CPAP mode, and 77.83% was in PAV mode in volume control. Different approaches, such as decision trees, optimizable Bayes trees, naive Bayes trees, nearest neighbour trees, and an ensemble of trees, were also evaluated regarding the accuracy by confusion matrix concept, training duration, specificity, sensitivity, and F1 score.
Development of molecular precursors for deposition of indium sulphide thin film electrodes for photoelectrochemical applications

Ehsan MA, Peiris TA, Wijayantha KG, Olmstead MM, Arifin Z, Mazhar M, et al.

Dalton Trans, 2013 Aug 14;42(30):10919-28.
PMID: 23787951 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50781e

Symmetrical and unsymmetrical dithiocarbamato pyridine solvated and non-solvated complexes of indium(III) with the general formula [In(S2CNRR')3]·n(py) [where py = pyridine; R,R' = Cy, n = 2 (1); R,R' = (i)Pr, n = 1.5 (2); NRR' = Pip, n = 0.5 (3) and R = Bz, R' = Me, n = 0 (4)] have been synthesized. The compositions, structures and properties of these complexes have been studied by means of microanalysis, IR and (1)H-NMR spectroscopy, X-ray single crystal and thermogravimetric (TG/DTG) analyses. The applicability of these complexes as single source precursors (SSPs) for the deposition of β-In2S3 thin films on fluorine-doped SnO2 (FTO) coated conducting glass substrates by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) at temperatures of 300, 350 and 400 °C is studied. All films have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) for the detection of phase and stoichiometry of the deposit. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies reveal that precursors (1)-(4), irrespective of different metal ligand design, generate comparable morphologies of β-In2S3 thin films at different temperatures. Direct band gap energies of 2.2 eV have been estimated from the UV-vis spectroscopy for the β-In2S3 films fabricated from precursors (1) and (4). The photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of β-In2S3 were confirmed by recording the current-voltage plots under light and dark conditions. The plots showed anodic photocurrent densities of 1.25 and 0.65 mA cm(-2) at 0.23 V vs. Ag/AgCl for the β-In2S3 films made at 400 and 350 °C from the precursors (1) and (4), respectively. The photoelectrochemical performance indicates that the newly synthesised precursors are highly useful in fabricating β-In2S3 electrodes for solar energy harvesting and optoelectronic application.
Unintentional weight loss is the most important indicator of malnutrition among surgical cancer patients

Loh KW, Vriens MR, Gerritsen A, Borel Rinkes IH, van Hillegersberg R, Schippers C, et al.

Neth J Med, 2012 Oct;70(8):365-9.
PMID: 23065984

Disease-related malnutrition is highly prevalent in hospital patients and varies from 25-40%. Early nutritional screening of patients at admission helps to improve recognition of malnourished patients to allow early interventions and enhance clinical outcomes.
Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Mitragyna speciosa Korth methanolic extract

Shaik Mossadeq WM, Sulaiman MR, Tengku Mohamad TA, Chiong HS, Zakaria ZA, Jabit ML, et al.

Med Princ Pract, 2009;18(5):378-84.
PMID: 19648761 DOI: 10.1159/000226292

OBJECTIVES: To determine the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Mitragyna speciosa Korth methanol extract in rodents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma tests in rats. Antinociceptive activity was measured using the writhing test and the hot plate test in mice, and the formalin test in rats. All drugs and extracts were diluted in dH(2)O and administered through the intraperitoneal route. Results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test for multiple comparisons among groups.
RESULTS: Results showed that intraperitoneal administration of the extract at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg produced significant dose-dependent activity in all of the nociceptive models evaluated (p < 0.05). With the formalin test, the antinociceptive activity in mice was inhibited only at the highest dose of the extract (200 mg/kg). The study also showed that intraperitoneal administration of the methanol extract of M. speciosa (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently suppressed the development of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (p < 0.05). In the chronic test, however, significant reduction in granulomatous tissue formation in rats was observed only at the highest dose of the methanol extract of M. speciosa (200 mg/kg, p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The present study suggests the presence of potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory principles in the extract, supporting its folkloric use for the treatment of these conditions.
2-((Benzimidazol-2-yl)thio)-1-arylethan-1-ones: Synthesis, crystal study and cancer stem cells CD133 targeting potential

Abdel-Aziz HA, Ghabbour HA, Eldehna WM, Al-Rashood ST, Al-Rashood KA, Fun HK, et al.

Eur J Med Chem, 2015 Nov 2;104:1-10.
PMID: 26413725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.09.023

In order to develop a potent anti-tumor agent that can target both cancer stem cells and the bulk of tumor cells, a series of 2-((benzimidazol-2-yl)thio)-1-arylethan-1-ones 5a-o was synthesized. All compounds were evaluated for their anti-proliferative activity towards colon HT-29 cancer cell line. In addition, their inhibitory effect against cell surface expression of CD133, a potent cancer stem cells (CSCs) marker, in the same cells was evaluated by flow cytometry at 10 μM. Compound 5l emerged as the most active anti-proliferative analog against HT-29 (IC50 = 18.83 ± 1.37 μM), that almost equipotent as 5-fluorouracil (IC50 = 15.83 ± 1.63 μM) with 50.11 ± 4.05% inhibition effect on CD133 expression, suggested dual targeted effect. Also, compounds 5h, 5j, 5k and 5m-o inhibited the expression of CD133 with more than 50%. The SAR study pointed out the significance of substitution of the pendent phenyl group with lipophilic electron-donating groups or replacing it by 2-thienyl or 2-furyl groups.
Fulltext Identification of a dietary pattern associated with greater cardiometabolic risk in adolescence

Appannah G, Pot GK, Huang RC, Oddy WH, Beilin LJ, Mori TA, et al.

Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2015 Jul;25(7):643-50.
PMID: 26026208 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.04.007

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Energy dense, high fat, low fibre diets may contribute to obesity in young people, however their relationships with other cardiometabolic risk factors are unclear. We examined associations between an 'energy-dense, high-fat and low-fibre' dietary pattern (DP) and cardiometabolic risk factors, and the tracking of this DP in adolescence.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Data was sourced from participants in the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Cohort Study. At 14 and 17 y, dietary intake, anthropometric and biochemical data were measured and z-scores for an 'energy dense, high fat and low fibre' DP were estimated using reduced rank regression (RRR). Associations between DP z-scores and cardiometabolic risk factors were examined using regression models. Tracking of DP z-scores was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A 1 SD unit increase in DP z-score between 14 and 17 y was associated with a 20% greater odds of high metabolic risk (95% CI: 1.01, 1.41) and a 0.04 mmol/L higher fasting glucose in boys (95% CI: 0.01, 0.08); a 28% greater odds of a high-waist circumference (95% CI: 1.00, 1.63) in girls. An increase of 3% and 4% was observed for insulin and HOMA (95% CI: 1%, 7%), respectively, in boys and girls, for every 1 SD increase in DP z-score and independently of BMI. The DP showed moderate tracking between 14 and 17 y of age (r = 0.51 for boys, r = 0.45 for girls).
CONCLUSION: An 'energy dense, high fat, low fibre' DP is positively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and tends to persist throughout adolescence.
Induction of labour with prostaglandin E2 and amniotomy--a multicentre, three dose schedule study in 1533 patients

Karim SM, Lim SM, Ilancheran A, Ratnam SS, Ang LT, Ng KH, et al.

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1982 Oct;11(4):503-7.
PMID: 7165271

Prostaglandin E2 administered orally and combined with amniotomy was used for induction of labour at or near term in 1533 patients. The study was carried out as a collaborative project between the University Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Singapore, Medan (Indonesia) and Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). The overall success rates for Medan, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore were 95.6%, 88.1% and 84.7% respectively.

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