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  1. Fulltext Measuring the motives of informal entrepreneurs
    Othman NS, Marthandan G, Ab Aziz K
    F1000Res, 2022;11:56.
    PMID: 36545376 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73706.2
    Background - Handling non-observed activities pose major challenges to the governments and other stakeholders. Non-observed activities refer to underground activities, illegal activities, informal sector and any other activities that result in goods or services consumed by the household. The impact of these non-observed activities shows that the volume of people involved in the informal sector will rapidly increase. Informal economic activities are technically illegal yet are not intended as antisocial,   thereby remaining acceptable to many individuals within the society. This research aimed to identify the factors that lead to entrepreneurial necessity and opportunity.   Methods - The data of 51 respondents who were employed as informal entrepreneurs in Klang Valley areas in Malaysia was collected with the use of a questionnaire and convenient and proportionate sampling techniques. The data were analysed using SPSS software.   Results - The two primary drivers of informal entrepreneurial activity were necessity and opportunity. The inability to find a formal job was an example of being driven by necessity. Meanwhile, individuals that are driven by opportunity chose to work independently in these informal sectors. Between necessity and engagement, refinement acted as a mediator. Often, necessity and opportunity do not automatically translate into successful entrepreneurship; further refinement is required in terms of market potential, technology usage, location preferences, and capital requirements. Improved refinement results in increased entrepreneurial engagement.  Conclusions - The role and contribution of the informal sector entrepreneurship in economic development need to be evaluated and not just observed as an opportunity for individuals who choose this type of career. Therefore, further research is required in a wider variety of contexts to evaluate whether the same remains true in different populations. The results of this study can be useful for the government to set policies to encourage the transition of informal to formal entrepreneurships in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship*
  2. Fulltext Entrepreneurship elements in culinary field
    Mohamad Izzuan Mohd Ishar, Mohd Khata Jabor
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2018;3(1):100-133.
    MyJurnal
    The existence of the gap between the expectation of culinary students and the realities of the job
    market has led the students to face the obstacles to entering or continuing their career in the same
    industry. As such, entrepreneurship is one of the best approaches in educating culinary students to
    prepare for any possible after graduation. However, there are no guidelines for determining and
    measuring the entrepreneurial level of culinary students. Therefore, this research aims to identify the
    elements of entrepreneurship in culinary. The results of this research is a culinary entrepreneurial
    framework. Side of this research is to build a measurement instrument of culinary entrepreneurship
    level and to produce culinary entrepreneurship profiles for culinary students. This research uses
    qualitative method in the first phase through document analysis and interviews with graduates and
    culinary entrepreneurs. At the end of the study, it will acquire a culinary entrepreneurial framework
    that is also used to produce an entrepreneurship measurement instrument in the second phase of
    research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
  3. Fulltext Assessing the impact of entrepreneurial education activity on entrepreneurial intention and behavior: role of behavioral entrepreneurial mindset
    Yan J, Huang T, Xiao Y
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Feb;30(10):26292-26307.
    PMID: 36357759 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23878-w
    This study explores the relationship between Entrepreneurship Education (EE) and Entrepreneurial Intentions (EI) using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). From January through May of 2022, students from 10 Chinese institutions were surveyed using an online questionnaire. According to the research, students' EI scores rose significantly after participating in EE. In addition, students in China had a more significant impact on EI regarding factors like perceived feasibility and desirability. This study extends the body of knowledge about the connection between prior exposure and early intervention (EI) by demonstrating the beneficial effects of PE on EI. In addition, the results suggest that girls have lower EI than males, which is good news for gender equality. Lastly, the behavioral entrepreneur attitude has a favorable correlation with EI. Policymakers and university administrators might use the findings to understand better how and when extracurricular activities (EE) improve students' emotional intelligence (EI). A pioneering empirical study in a developing South-Asian setting shows the relevance of EE on EI among students at private universities. According to the study, EE generates EI, and entrepreneurial enthusiasm is crucial.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship*
  4. How does formal credit promote green entrepreneurship? New insights from renewable energy producers in high-, middle-, and low-income countries
    Sohail MT, Din NM
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2024 Jan;31(2):2869-2882.
    PMID: 38066276 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31342-6
    To tackle the growing menace of environmental degradation, the idea of green entrepreneurship has gained popularity, which is the process of creating new goods and technologies to solve environmental problems. Like traditional entrepreneurs, green entrepreneurs also need financial backing from financial institutions. However, no empirical evidence was found regarding the relationship between formal credit and green entrepreneurship. This analysis is an effort to plug this vacuum into the literature by analyzing the impact of formal credit on green entrepreneurship in high, middle, and low-income economies from 2011 to 2021. The study has employed various econometric techniques such as fixed-effects, random-effects, 2SLS, and GMM. The results show that formal credit substantially develops green entrepreneurship in high, middle, low-income, and full samples. Besides formal credit, GDP, environmental pressure, trade openness, technological development, and human capital are crucial in green entrepreneurship development in all samples. Policymakers may collaborate with financial institutions to create and provide specialized financial products and services catering to green entrepreneurs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship*
  5. Fulltext Students’ acceptance towards entrepreneurship module at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
    Mohamad Nurman Yaman, Mohammad Arif Kamarudin, Mohd Nasri Awang Besar, Siti Mariam Bujang, Abdus Salam, Harlina Halizah Siraj, et al.
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2014;6(4):e87-e90.
    MyJurnal DOI: 10.5959/eimj.v6i4.312
    Introduction: Entrepreneurship CMIE 1022 module was introduced in February 2012 and was made compulsory to all first year undergraduate students in all faculties of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The main objective of CMIE 1022 is to expose the students to entrepreneurship with implementation of online teaching and business game simulation.

    Method: Module evaluation form was distributed among medical and nursing students at the end of the module.

    Result: One hundred seventy-seven students responded to the survey with 50.3% of the respondents agreed that their soft skill have improved, 37.8% for increased awareness of entrepreneurship, 25.6% has increased their interest in entrepreneurship and 22.22% agreed to apply in their own courses. More than three quarter of the students agreed that the lecturers and teaching assistants teaching methodology were acceptable. However, only 18.4% agreed that this course should be taken by all students of UKM.

    Conclusion: This study showed despite increase in soft skills and interests including high performance of the academics, most students disagreed on the introduction of CMIE 1022 course to all UKM students. It is suggested that the course curriculum to be reviewed in order to achieve the objectives.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
  6. Fulltext Integration of entrepreneurship theories towards entrepreneurship development among students in Malaysia
    Mohamad Izzuan Mohd Ishar, Mohd Khata Jabor
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017;2(1):11-20.
    MyJurnal
    Entrepreneurship showed an increase in the popularity of business education, engineering education,
    universities and educational institutions. All students who engage in entrepreneurial education has the
    potential to develop their entrepreneurial skills and knowledge. However, the majority of
    entrepreneurial education program focused on the exploitation of existing opportunities and assume
    that these opportunities have been identified. Research on entrepreneurship also shows that efficiency
    is often ignored or receive little attention while teaching entrepreneurship. This article was developed
    to assist in improving the understanding of the concept of learning which supports entrepreneurship
    and the development of entrepreneurial competence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
  7. Fulltext Online kiosk for improving the number of students’ entrepreneurship projects (ent300) based on science and technology
    Noor Azrin Zainuddin, Shamsatuan Nahar, Norzarina Johari, Farah Suraya Md Nasrudin, Noraisyah Abdul Aziz, Nur Diana Zamani, et al.
    Jurnal Inovasi Malaysia, 2018;1(2):23-36.
    MyJurnal
    The use of technology in teaching and learning is increasingly synonymous with the existence of multiple online platforms. Online teaching and learning guides help lecturers and students to obtain a variety of information related to their specialization in the field of study. As all UiTM students at the Diploma level are required to take and pass the Entrepreneurial Basic course (ENT300), they need to produce an entrepreneurial project as one of the course evaluation components. However, the number of science and technology based entrepreneurship projects and products are still too few based on project titles every semester. The ENT300 Kiosk Science and Technology (KENTS) was developed specifically as a guide for the students of the Faculty of Computer Science and Mathematics and has been improved by expanding its scope to the students of the Faculty of Engineering and Faculty of Science at UiTM Johor. A more global scope in KENTS provides specialized online guides for lecturers and students in the science and technology clusters. KENTS is a platform that can be used to realize the direction of higher education in Malaysia and to assist UiTM in producing holistic graduates with entrepreneurship. This online guide platform provides teaching and learning assistance through the custom business template which is categorized into two, system development and machine design. KENTS provides a search function from a list of compilations of science-based and entrepreneurial projects that help lecturers and students find entrepreneurial ideas. KENTS database is used to store student entrepreneurial project information as an e-learning platform that can be shared by lecturers and students globally.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
  8. Fulltext An application of a hybrid MCDM method for the evaluation of entrepreneurial intensity among the SMEs: a case study
    Rostamzadeh R, Ismail K, Bodaghi Khajeh Noubar H
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:703650.
    PMID: 25197707 DOI: 10.1155/2014/703650
    This study presents one of the first attempts to focus on critical success factors influencing the entrepreneurial intensity of Malaysian small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) as they attempt to expand internationally. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and prioritize the entrepreneurial intensity among the SMEs using multicriteria decision (MCDM) techniques. In this research FAHP is used for finding the weights of criteria and subcriteria. Then for the final ranking of the companies, VIKOR (in Serbian: VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) method was used. Also, as an additional tool, TOPSIS technique, is used to see the differences of two methods applied over the same data. 5 main criteria and 14 subcriteria were developed and implemented in the real-world cases. As the results showed, two ranking methods provided different ranking. Furthermore, the final findings of the research based on VIKOR and TOPSIS indicated that the firms A3 and A4 received the first rank, respectively. In addition, the firm A4 was known as the most entrepreneurial company. This research has been done in the manufacturing sector, but it could be also extended to the service sector for measurement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship/economics*
  9. Fulltext Value creation in the knowledge economy: a Malaysian experience in diagnostics
    Ismail, A.
    ASM Science Journal, 2007;1(2):169-175.
    MyJurnal
    As we move towards the knowledge (K) era, the challenge in R&D is to focus on the development of original K-based products that can compete in the global market. The development of commercially viable, patented K-based products within a university environment require an innovation system and innovation policies in place and a change in the paradigm towards the approach to research. A crucial agent towards the success of the innovation system is development and training of the human capital that would be the future drivers of the K-industry. Awareness of intellectual property rights, the need for original research, entrepreneurship as well as the development and strengthening of self-confidence and leadership are among the factors needed towards the training of K-workers facing the new economy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
  10. Utilizing “traders” board game to improve entrepreneurship factors among teenagers: a qualitative study
    Kususanto P
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2015;olume 29:43-60.
    A board game has been designed in order to improve entrepreneurship among teenagers. This paper discusses about the development of the game and a preliminary study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a playing the board game in improving elements of entrepreneurship among the participants. Because entrepreneurship skill can be defined as skills in pursuing opportunities, a success in entrepreneurship is defined as success in pursuing opportunities, both Kirnzerian (discovery, exploitation) and Schumpeterian (creation, innovation) type. Features in the game is designed to represent the following psychological traits that literature suggested as elements of successful opportunity pursuing namely (1) self-esteem, (2) competitiveness, (3) resilience, (4) self-efficacy, (5) practical intelligence and (6) experience. In the preliminary study, a group of participants between 11 to 15 years old played the game twice a week for four weeks, where their behavior are observed during the game, and the collected data is analyzed in two cycles, namely in vivo and thematic analyses. At the moment this abstract is written, the participants had only been played twice; however some qualitative improvement can be seen in terms of competitiveness, resilience, and practical intelligence. It is suggested that the research be done on larger samples, conducted in mixed methods, and the game to be introduced to public in order to arouse entrepreneurship in early ages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
  11. Search engine optimisation (SEO) strategy as determinants to enhance the online brand positioning
    Ahmad UF, Mahdee J, Abu Bakar N
    F1000Res, 2022;11:714.
    PMID: 38708191 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73382.2
    BACKGROUND: Marketers face evolution of online brand positioning marketing strategy due to changes of search engine algorithm that affects the reaching out of brands to potential internet users. Brand owners realise that to be relevant in modern market, they need to transition and focus more into online market. However, many brand owners have ignored the power of search engine optimisation (SEO) strategy for attracting the online market, which is highly competitive and faces rapid changes.  A brand can be considered as old fashioned if it does not utilise the SEO as their marketing strategy, in penetrating the online marketplace. Various studies have analysed factors that can enhance the persistency of using the SEO strategy, however gaps remain regarding the relationship of this strategy with the online brand positioning. The main aim of this study was to identify the persistency of using the SEO strategy including the niche point of differentiation, valuable content, targeted keyword and scalable link building, as the determinants that enhance the success of online brand positioning.

    METHODS: This study applies quantitative design using online survey to gather information from the online business entrepreneurs. The survey questionnaire was arranged to focus on the use of SEO as a new way to strategise online business.

    RESULTS: Based on the results of this study, most online entrepreneurs have somewhat realised the effects of using the SEO strategy to enhance effectiveness of online brand positioning.

    CONCLUSION: This research provides insights into the importance of SEO strategy in online business positioning. It is hoped that online entrepreneurs will consider the SEO strategy in the positioning of their brand in the marketplace.

    IMPLICATION: This research focused on SEO as a new strategy to enhance brand positioning for online businesses. Future research may expand into another dimension of business such as customer satisfaction and business performance.

    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
  12. Fulltext Data on technopreneurial intention among male and female university students: A comparison
    Koe WL
    Data Brief, 2020 Dec;33:106423.
    PMID: 33102642 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106423
    The data presented were used to examine the level of technopreneurial intention and differences in intention between male and female university students. A total of 361 final-year students from a public university in Malaysia have participated in the data collection process through answering online questionnaire. The respondents were selected by using proportionate stratified sampling. Quantitative method was employed in data analysis process. Specifically, the software of IBM SPSS was used to perform descriptive analysis and independent sample t-test. Data have also been tested for internal consistency to ensure their reliability. Mean and standard deviation values for male and female student's technopreneurial intention were presented. In comparison, the data demonstrated that no difference existed between male and female student's technopreneurial intention. The data provided new information on university student's level of technopreneurial intention. It was useful for higher learning institutions and governmental agencies in designing technopreneurship development programs, particularly in the era of post-COVID19 pandemic which requires extensive use of technology in entrepreneurship.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
  13. Fulltext DETERMINANT FACTORS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN TERENGGANU
    NUR ERNA ERLIANA SAMSUDIN, AZWADI ALI, ROSHAIZA TAHA
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2020;2(4):51-62.
    MyJurnal
    This study was conducted to assess how entrepreneurship experience, family background, and societal factors influence university students in Terengganu to embark on entrepreneurial activities. It cannot be denied that entrepreneurship exposure on campus may drive university students to engage in activities which may enhance their academic achievements in, boost confidence, and instill relevant qualities and skills to be successful graduates in the future. Such valuable experiences may be value added to the graduates. To see the impact of such an experience together with other relevant factors, this study has tested the relationship between entrepreneurship experience, family background, social factors and the subsequent effects among students of Universiti Malaysia Terengganu after graduation. The data were collected from 370 targeted respondents and were analysed using the multiple regression analysis. It was found that entrepreneurship experience and family background have significant relationships with entrepreneurship intention while societal factor was found to be insignificant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
  14. Fulltext Evaluation on the implementation of Bachelor of Education Program, Faculty of Sport Science and Coaching
    Abdul Rahim Mohd Shariff, Norkhalid Salimin, Mohd Izwan Shahril, Normah Jusoh, Nelfianty Mohd Rasyid, Lee, Jeffrey Low Fook, et al.
    Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2016;5(1):71-94.
    MyJurnal
    Journal of Sports Science and Physical Education 5(1): 77-94, 2016 - This study aimed to
    examine the effectiveness of the Bachelor of Education (Honours) programmes offered by the
    Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching in producing quality graduates and their
    employability in the profession. Samples for this study comprised of 49 graduates from the B
    Ed (Sports Science), 25 graduates from B Ed (Coaching Science) and nine B Ed (Physical
    Education) who have graduated from 2010 to 2014 as well as their respective employers and
    peers were selected as respondents. Six to ten samples from each programme together with
    their employers were interviewed further using guided questionnaire. Data was analysed
    descriptively as well as correlation and regression methods. The findings showed that the
    graduates mastered very high levels of the knowledge and skills of the courses related to their
    respective programmes. They also achieved excellent levels of knowledge and skills in the
    implementation of their respective programmes during and after their completion of studies.
    The graduates received very high scores from their employers and peers in terms of their
    attributes and employability. Overall, analyses on the effectiveness of the faculty‟s education
    programmes showed a positive and significant correlation between the mastery (input) and
    the implementation (process) of the programmes. However, a moderately positive but not
    significant correlation was found between the mastery (input) of the courses and the
    graduates (product). Similar results were found between the implementation of the
    programmes (process) and the graduates except for the BEd.(Sports Science) which showed a
    moderate positive and significant correlation. Only 23% predicted mastery of the course
    (input) and the implementation of the programme influenced the product (graduates) towards
    the effective implementation of the BEd (Sports Science), compared to 20% for BEd
    (Coaching Science) and 98% for BEd (Physical Education). This study concluded that
    Bachelor of Education (Honours) programmes offered by the Faculty of Sports Science and
    Coaching are capable of producing quality and employable graduates. The faculty has
    developed its strategic plan in improving the employability of the graduates by streamlining
    the offering of the BEd (Coaching Science) programme, reinforce the undergraduates soft
    skills attributes, intensify the activities of the Kinesiology Centre of Excellence and advocate entrepreneurship education in order to produce graduates who are innovative and capable in the education profession.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
  15. Fulltext An approach for developing integrated undergraduate medical curriculum
    Akram A, Rizwan F, Sattar K, Hadi JIS, Meo SA
    Pak J Med Sci, 2018 9 8;34(4):804-810.
    PMID: 30190732 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.344.14565
    Background and Objectives: Medical schools are to develop integrated medical curricula because the term 'integrated curriculum' has grown up and flourished globally and it has become mandatory to align the medical education with the global concept in Pakistan. This paper aims to present a guideline to design an undergraduate integrated medical curriculum.

    Methods: Various themes are used to develop integrated curriculum which are basic medical science, simulation skills, clinical science, personality development, research, entrepreneurship and pre specialization. Each theme is subdivided, termed a module and its contents primarily focus on particular aspect.

    Results: Knowledge, skill and attitude, embodied in themes or modules, are planted in specific way that they have horizontal as well as vertical integration. There is no boundary of various traditional disciplines in template of five years curriculum. For example, diagnosis is a theme which carries contents from medicine, surgery, orthopedics etc.

    Conclusion: The blueprint introduced in this paper would help medical educators to draft integrated medical curricula for those institutions which intend to switch their medical programs from traditional to integrated one.

    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
  16. Fulltext Potential of small entrepreneurs to implement entrepreneurial skills using HRV Biofeedback
    Nazrolnizah Mohamad Noorzeli, Muhammad Nubli Abdul Wahab
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017;2(1):66-77.
    MyJurnal
    The ability to enhance the entrepreneurial skills of small entrepreneurs is the key factor to the increase
    in business. Nevertheless, previous literature showed that there is less current study which focused on
    the methods to improve entrepreneurial skills using Biofeedback techniques among entrepreneurs in
    Malaysia. Thus, this study was aimed to: 1) Identifying the demographic background of small
    entrepreneurs, 2) Identify management capabilities among entrepreneurs in entrepreneurial skills and 3) Identify the profile of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) among small entrepreneurs through increased the
    HF coherence. A total of 50 respondents of small entrepreneurs were recruited in this study. The data
    collected involved a questionnaire survey with participants, profit and sales analysis and analysis of
    HRV. Statistical correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial
    skills and business insights from the point of HRV. The finding shows that there is a very strong
    relationship between the increases in entrepreneurial skills from an increase in business with the profile
    of HRV among participants with the score of 0.80-1.00. This showed that HRV Biofeedback training
    technique is appropriate to be used as an intervention program to increse entrepreneurship skills among
    small entrepreneurs in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
  17. Fulltext Culinary arts entrepreneurship: alternative student Diploma in Culinary Arts at Kolej Yayasan Pelajaran Johor in facing open market
    Abdul Wafi Abdul Rahman, Yusmady Md Junus, Melor Md Yunus
    Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2017;2(3):27-34.
    MyJurnal
    The Open Market scenario provides high levels of unreliability to culinary arts graduates where they
    are no longer promised a place in the hospitality and tourism sectors but rather to compete with
    graduates from other fields for employment. Hence, the field of entrepreneurship is seen as an
    alternative in building a career that can help in reducing the dumping of graduates in the job market in
    line with the government's call encouraging more entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Therefore, this study is
    aimed at identifying the tendency to entrepreneurship among students of the final year semester of the Diploma in Culinary Arts, Hospitality School and Tourism Kolej Yayasan Pelajaran Johor
    (SHPKYPJ). Measurements for this study were based on surveys using questionnaire and data
    collected by Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS) Version 21.0. The results of the study
    found that overall respondents have a high inclination towards entrepreneurship. If they are more
    focused, encouragement and exposure are given to them, the probability that they become
    entrepreneurs after graduation will be higher.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
  18. [Lauritz Toft and DUMEX--the man, the idea and the way to its realization]
    Overø K
    Theriaca, 2009.
    PMID: 20027790
    Lauritz Toft (1920-1991), also known as Lau, graduated with a MSc degree in pharmacy at the Royal Danish School of Pharmacy in 1944. During the education and parallel activities Lau had shown gifts for intuition and improvisation, together with special talents for leadership and large-scale working. In 1945 he got the idea during the organization of the East Asiatic Company Ltd. to sell the best of the products from the Danish pharmaceutical companies in India under a common trade mark: DUMEX (Danish United Medical Export). The article describes Lau's difficulties and problems in realizing this idea. The adventure peaks in the mid-1950's with about 40 pharmacists in DUMEX-departments in India as well as Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, China etc.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship/history*
  19. Fulltext Aftermarket Performance of Health Care and Biopharmaceutical IPOs: Evidence From ASEAN Countries
    Komenkul K, Kiranand S
    Inquiry, 2017 01 01;54:46958017727105.
    PMID: 28853306 DOI: 10.1177/0046958017727105
    We examine the evidence from the long-run abnormal returns using data for 76 health care and biopharmaceutical initial public offerings (IPOs) listed in a 29-year period between 1986 and 2014 in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Laos. Based on the event-time approach, the 3-year stock returns of the IPOs are investigated using cumulative abnormal return (CAR) and buy-and-hold abnormal return (BHAR). As a robustness check, the calendar-time approach, related to the market model as well as Fama-French and Carhart models, was applied for verifying long-run abnormal returns. We found evidence that the health care IPOs overperform in the long-run, irrespective of the alternative benchmarks and methods. In addition, when we divide our sample into 5 groups by listing countries, our results show that the health care stock prices of the Singaporean firms behaved differently from those of most of the other firms in ASEAN. The Singaporean IPOs are characterized by a worse post-offering performance, whereas the IPOs of Malaysian and Thai health care companies performed better in the long-run.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship*
  20. Fulltext Analysis on Entrepreneurship Psychology of Preschool Education Students With Entrepreneurial Intention
    Yin Y, Yang L, Liu B
    Front Psychol, 2020;11:1559.
    PMID: 32733339 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01559
    To diversify the creative thinking of preschool education students and improve their ability to innovate and start a business, a survey of preschool education students under entrepreneurial psychology theory was conducted in this research. Based on the theoretical foundation of entrepreneurial psychology, this article analyzed the entrepreneurial psychological quality and psychological education of college students. By investigating preschool education students in a certain college in Sichuan as the research object, the author explored the current entrepreneurial intentions of college students and their entrepreneurial psychological problems. In response to the current entrepreneurial situation of college graduates, relevant countermeasures were proposed from the perspective of the school to support their entrepreneurial psychology. Among the 205 preschool education college students, the students were more willing to give full play to their professional expertise in terms of employment intentions. At the same time, there were still situations in which students were dissatisfied with the prospects of preschool education career development and wanted to achieve the value of life through other approaches. Most students in preschool education had a wait-and-see attitude toward entrepreneurship. Only 35% of students had a clear intention to start a business and made their plans for entrepreneurship. More than 90% of students held that they had developed inadequate entrepreneurial ability, and 80% of students believed that they lacked the required professional knowledge. These two factors constitute the main reasons for students' negative attitudes toward entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, colleges may stimulate the potential of students' self-development through the improvement of entrepreneurial psychological education courses, the construction of psychological consultation institutions on campus, and the establishment of interactive platforms for entrepreneurship. In this way, students' entrepreneurial psychology can be cultivated in an all-round way. Therefore, to deal with the weak overall entrepreneurial consciousness of college students, the colleges should cultivate entrepreneurial innovative talents by strengthening the psychological education of entrepreneurship for students, and help college students achieve entrepreneurial success.
    Matched MeSH terms: Entrepreneurship
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