Displaying publications 361 - 380 of 496 in total

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  1. Extraction of collagen from catfish (Clarias gariepnus) waste and determination of its physico-chemical properties
    Normah Ismail, Nurul Asyiraf Abdul Jabar
    Scientific Research Journal, 2012;9(1):29-42.
    MyJurnal
    Collagen was extracted from catfish (Clarias gariepnus) waste using 0.5M acetic acid and its subsequent precipitation in 2.6M NaCl. The resultant collagen was analysed with respect to its moisture content and physicochemical properties including yield, pH, protein content, colour, odour and thermal stability. A yield of 16.4% and positive collagen attributes indicate that catfish waste has potential as a collagen source. The snowy white, crystal-like and light textured collagen comprises of 5.97% protein and 0.46% moisture, and exhibits a pH of 4.75. Sensory evaluation indicates that the collagen has a slight fishy odour. Viscosity analysis indicates a steady decrease with increasing temperature over the range considered (20-50°C). The pale colour exhibited and limited odour emitted by the extracted collagen indicate that catfish waste collagen could be applied in the food industry without resulting in any undesirable food products attributes. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the collagen exhibits good thermal stability and denatures at a high temperature in a similar manner to mammalian collagen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  2. Evaluation of Chilling Injury in Mangoes Using Multispectral Imaging
    Hashim N, Onwude DI, Osman MS
    J Food Sci, 2018 May;83(5):1271-1279.
    PMID: 29660789 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14127
    Commodities originating from tropical and subtropical climes are prone to chilling injury (CI). This injury could affect the quality and marketing potential of mango after harvest. This will later affect the quality of the produce and subsequent consumer acceptance. In this study, the appearance of CI symptoms in mango was evaluated non-destructively using multispectral imaging. The fruit were stored at 4 °C to induce CI and 12 °C to preserve the quality of the control samples for 4 days before they were taken out and stored at ambient temperature for 24 hr. Measurements using multispectral imaging and standard reference methods were conducted before and after storage. The performance of multispectral imaging was compared using standard reference properties including moisture content (MC), total soluble solids (TSS) content, firmness, pH, and color. Least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) combined with principal component analysis (PCA) were used to discriminate CI samples with those of control and before storage, respectively. The statistical results demonstrated significant changes in the reference quality properties of samples before and after storage. The results also revealed that multispectral parameters have a strong correlation with the reference parameters of L* , a* , TSS, and MC. The MC and L* were found to be the best reference parameters in identifying the severity of CI in mangoes. PCA and LS-SVM analysis indicated that the fruit were successfully classified into their categories, that is, before storage, control, and CI. This indicated that the multispectral imaging technique is feasible for detecting CI in mangoes during postharvest storage and processing.

    PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This paper demonstrates a fast, easy, and accurate method of identifying the effect of cold storage on mango, nondestructively. The method presented in this paper can be used industrially to efficiently differentiate different fruits from each other after low temperature storage.

    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  3. Fulltext ESI-LC-MS based-metabolomics data of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) fruit pericarp, aril and seed at different ripening stages
    Mamat SF, Azizan KA, Baharum SN, Noor NM, Aizat WM
    Data Brief, 2018 Apr;17:1074-1077.
    PMID: 29876463 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.02.033
    Fruit ripening is a complex phenomenon involving a series of biochemical, physiological and organoleptic changes. Ripening process in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) is unique of which the fruit will only ripen properly if harvested during its middle stage (emergence of purple/pink colour) but not earlier (green stage). The knowledge on the molecular mechanism and regulation behind this phenomenon is still limited. Hence, electrospray ionization liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (ESI-LC-MS) based metabolomics analysis was applied to determine the metabolome of mangosteen ripening. Specifically, mangosteen pericarp, aril and seed were collected at four different ripening stages (stage 0: green, stage 2: yellowish with pink patches, stage 4: brownish red and stage 6: dark purple) and subjected to metabolite profiling analysis. The data provided in this article have been deposited to the EMBL-EBI MetaboLights database (DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1004. PubMed PMID: 23109552) with the identifier MTBLS595. The complete dataset can be accessed here https://www.ebi.ac.uk/metabolights/MTBLS595.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  4. Fulltext Incorporation of Pleurotus Sajor-caju powder in cinnamon biscuit: Study on nutritional, physical, colour and sensorial properties
    Wan Amir Nizam, W.A., Ng, S.H., Wan Rosli, W.I.
    International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(6):2442-2450.
    MyJurnal
    Discovery of novel dietary fibre (DF)-rich food ingredient is of great interest to meet the rising consumer demand for healthy food. Intake of DF-enriched food has been positively associated with a decreased risk of chronic diseases. Pleurotus sajor-caju (PSC), one of the prominent edible mushrooms widely cultivated in Malaysia, is useful for its culinary and medicinal purpose. This study aimed to determine the nutritional, physical, colour and sensorial properties of cinnamon biscuit formulated with PSC powder as partial replacement (0, 4, 8 and 12%) for wheat flour. Results indicated that elevated incorporation levels of PSC powder significantly (P
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  5. Fulltext Integrative taxonomy of a new and highly-diverse genus of onchidiid slugs from the Coral Triangle (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Onchidiidae)
    Goulding TC, Khalil M, Tan SH, Dayrat B
    Zookeys, 2018.
    PMID: 29896045 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.763.21252
    A new genus of onchidiid slugs, Wallaconchis Goulding & Dayrat, gen. n., is described, including ten species. Five species were previously described but known only from the type material: Wallaconchis ater (Lesson, 1830), W. graniferum (Semper, 1880), W. nangkauriense (Plate, 1893), W. buetschlii (Stantschinsky, 1907), and W. gracile (Stantschinsky, 1907), all of which were originally classified in Onchidium Buchannan, 1800. Many new records are provided for these five species, which greatly expand their known geographic distributions. Five species are new: Wallaconchis achleitneri Goulding, sp. n., W. comendadori Goulding & Dayrat, sp. n., W. melanesiensis Goulding & Dayrat, sp. n., W. sinanui Goulding & Dayrat, sp. n., and W. uncinus Goulding & Dayrat, sp. n. Nine of the ten Wallaconchis species are found in the Coral Triangle (eastern Indonesia and the Philippines). Sympatry is high, with up to six species found on the island of Bohol (Philippines) and eight species overlapping in northern Sulawesi (Indonesia). Wallaconchis is distinguished from other onchidiids by its bright dorsal colors (red, yellow, orange) but those are extremely variable and not useful for specific identification. Internally, the reproductive system can be used to identify all Wallaconchis species. The copulatory organs of Wallaconchis species are especially diverse compared to other onchidiid genera, and the possible role of reproductive incompatibility in species diversification is discussed. All specimens examined were freshly collected for the purpose of a worldwide revision of the Onchidiidae Rafinesque, 1815. The species are well delineated using DNA sequences and comparative anatomy. Mitochondrial DNA analysis yields thirteen molecular units separated by a large barcode gap, while nuclear DNA yields nine units. By integrating nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA with morphology, ten species are recognized. The natural history of each species (e.g., the microhabitat where they are found) is also documented. Nomenclature is addressed thoroughly (the types of all onchidiid species were examined, lectotypes were designated when needed, nomina dubia are discussed). Morphological characters, transitions to new microhabitats, and diversification processes are discussed in the context of a robust molecular phylogeny.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  6. Synthesis of nanostructured titanium dioxide layer onto kaolin hollow fibre membrane via hydrothermal method for decolourisation of reactive black 5
    Mohtor NH, Othman MHD, Bakar SA, Kurniawan TA, Dzinun H, Norddin MNAM, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2018 Oct;208:595-605.
    PMID: 29890498 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.159
    Hydrothermal method has been proven to be an effective method to synthesise the nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) with good morphology and uniform distribution at low temperature. Despite of employing a well-known and commonly used glass substrate as the support to hydrothermally synthesise the nanostructured TiO2, this study emphasised on the application of kaolin hollow fibre membrane as the support for the fabrication of kaolin/TiO2 nanorods (TNR) membrane. By varying the hydrothermal reaction times (2 h, 6 h, and 10 h), the different morphology, distribution, and properties of TiO2 nanorods on kaolin support were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that the well-dispersed of TiO2 nanorods have improved the surface affinity of kaolin/TNR membrane towards water, allowing kaolin/TNR membrane prepared from 10 h of hydrothermal reaction to exhibit the highest water permeation of 165 L/h.m2.bar. In addition, this prepared membrane also showed the highest photocatalytic activity of 80.3% in the decolourisation of reactive black 5 (RB5) under UV irradiation. On top of that, the kaolin/TNR membrane prepared from 10 h of hydrothermal reaction also exhibited a good resistance towards photocorrosion, enabling the reuse of this membrane for three consecutive cycles of photocatalytic degradation of RB5 without showing significant reduction in photocatalytic efficiency towards the decolourisation of RB5.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  7. A comparative enhancement of Au and Ag NPs role on radiative properties in Sm3+ doped zinc-sodium tellurite glass: Judd-Ofelt parameter
    Mawlud SQ
    Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2019 Feb 15;209:78-84.
    PMID: 30359852 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.10.032
    Enhanced red and orange fluorescence emissions of Sm3+ Rare earth (RE) ions were observed in sodium‑zinc tellurite glasses embedded with silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs). The fine distribution of NPs in the glass matrix with an average diameter ~ 11.09 nm and ~3.86 nm for Ag and Au NPs respectively were confirmed by using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The embedding of Ag and Au NPs into the glass structure caused an increasing in the transition emission intensity of Sm3+ ions, which is ascribed to the progress of the presence of the localized surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) indicating from the characteristic absorption peaks. The luminescence and absorption spectra have been discussed using a standard hypothesis Judd-Ofelt theory for a certain absorption transitions 6P3/2, 4I11/2, 6F11/2, 6F9/2, 6F7/2, 6F5/2, 6F3/2, 6H15/2, 6F1/2 and emission transitions 6H5/2, H7/2, 6H9/2 and H11/2 under 409 nm excitation of the Sm3+ ions. The decay life time curve exhibited a non-exponential behavior of the studied glass samples and the results were compared with the similar reported glasses. An efficient red and orange fluorescence emission illustrate that the Sm3+-doped sodium‑zinc tellurite embedded with Ag and Au NPs are potential materials for the laser illumination.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  8. Frying quality of virgin coconut oil as affected by Zea mays extract
    Marina A, Wan Rosli WI, Neoh S
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1311-1315.
    The effect of corn silk or Zea mays extract on the physicochemical changes of virgin coconut oil was studied during three consecutive days of deep frying. There were three types of oil blend systems used: virgin coconut oil without antioxidant as control system; virgin coconut oil with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as synthetic antioxidant and virgin coconut oil with Zea mays extract as natural antioxidant. The oil quality was assessed by measuring the colour, viscosity, peroxide, p-anisidine, free fatty acids, totox and iodine value. The results show that Zea mays extract delayed the oil deterioration. The Zea mays extract significantly (p<0.05) lowered the rate of oxidation in virgin coconut oil compared to control oil and was comparable to BHT. Zea mays extract did not change the sensory profiles of French fries which was shown by insignificant difference (p<0.05) between Zea mays and control fries for all sensory attributes (colour, taste, aroma, crispiness, oiliness and overall quality). In general, the Zea may extract was capable of extending the stability and quality of virgin coconut oil and therefore has potential as new source of natural antioxidant for use in deep frying.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  9. Effect of different drying techniques on the nutritional values of oyster mushroom (pleurotus sajor-caju)
    Aishah M, Wan Rosli W
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:937-941.
    Mushrooms are basically fungi, which have fleshy and spore-bearing fruiting body. This family of fungi literally has thousands of varieties of mushroom throughout the world. Oyster mushrooms are uniquely distinctive and they do look like oysters. Drying these mushroom confer a stabilizing property to it and then can be stored for a longer period. The nutritional values of the dried oyster mushroom with different drying techniques were thus determined. There were three different drying techniques used. These include low heat air blow (LHAB, AnjaadTM), sun drying (SD) and gas laboratory oven (LO) drying. All three samples were analyzed for beta-glucan content, water activity, colour, proximate analysis and dietary fibre concentration. The result showrd that LHAB method confers the lowest water activity compared with the other two drying methods. It also has the lowest colour measurement for brightness. Mushroom samples dried by LHAB techniques contain the highest concentration of both fat and carbohydrate compared with the other two methods. Besides, SD method confers the highest beta-glucan content. On the other hand, dietary fibres observed in LO dried samples contain the highest fibre content among the three drying treatments. In conclusion, LHAB method is recommended in reducing water activity and increasing proximate contents while both SD and LO are good in preserving beta-glucan and dietary fibre contents, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  10. Assessment of masticatory performance by geometric measurement of the mixing ability with 2-color chewing gum
    Yousof Y, Salleh NM, Yusof F
    J Prosthet Dent, 2019 Jun;121(6):916-921.
    PMID: 30745100 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.09.005
    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The 2-color mixing ability test has been recently introduced for objective assessment of masticatory performance. However, the ideal bicolor specimens have not yet been identified, and the color analysis of digital images requires improvement.

    PURPOSE: The purpose of this clinical study was to formulate a custom-made, 2-color chewing gum for the mixing ability test and to develop an image-processing method for color mixing analysis.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: Specimens of red-green (RG) chewing gum were prepared as a test food. Twenty dentate participants (10 men, 10 women; mean age 21 years) took part in this study. Each participant masticated 1 piece of RG gum for 3, 6, 9, 15, and 25 cycles, and this task was repeated 3 times consecutively (total n=15 for each participant). The boluses were retrieved and flattened to 1-mm-thick wafers and scanned with a flatbed scanner. The digital images were analyzed using ImageJ software equipped with a custom-built plug-in to measure the geometric dispersion (GD) of baseline red segment. The predictive criterion validity of this method was determined by correlating GD to the number of mastication cycles. The hardness and mass of RG chewing gum were measured before and after mastication. Hardness loss (%) and mass loss (%) were then calculated and compared with those of a commercially available chewing gum.

    RESULTS: The 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni test showed that GD was able to discriminate among the groups of different numbers of mastication cycles (Pcolor mixture and quantified the mixing ability.

    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  11. Spatial and temporal risk quotient based river assessment for water resources management
    Wan Mohtar WHM, Abdul Maulud KN, Muhammad NS, Sharil S, Yaseen ZM
    Environ Pollut, 2019 May;248:133-144.
    PMID: 30784832 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.011
    Malaysia depends heavily on rivers as a source for water supply, irrigation, and sustaining the livelihood of local communities. The evolution of land use in urban areas due to rapid development and the continuous problem of illegal discharge have had a serious adverse impact on the health of the country's waterways. Klang River requires extensive rehabilitation and remediation before its water could be utilised for a variety of purposes. A reliable and rigorous remediation work plan is needed to identify the sources and locations of streams that are constantly polluted. This study attempts to investigate the feasibility of utilising a temporal and spatial risk quotient (RQ) based analysis to make an accurate assessment of the current condition of the tributaries in the Klang River catchment area. The study relies on existing data sets on Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Ammonia (NH3) to evaluate the water quality at thirty strategic locations. Analysis of ammonia pollution is not only based on the limit established for river health but was expanded to include the feasibility of using the water for water intake, recreational activities, and sustaining fish population. The temporal health of Klang River was evaluated using the Risk Matrix Approach (RMA) based on the frequency of RQ > 1 and associated colour-coded hazard impacts. By using the developed RMA, the hazard level for each parameter at each location was assessed and individually mapped using Geographic Information System (GIS). The developed risk hazard mapping has high potential as one of the essential tools in making decisions for a cost-effective river restoration and rehabilitation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  12. Pencirian bakteria asid laktik dan sebatian aroma ikan pekasam
    Tan WC, Lim SJ, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:439-448.
    Dalam kajian ini, bakteria asid laktik (LAB) serta sebatian aroma ikan pekasam daripada spesies yang berbeza
    ditentukan. Persampelan ikan pekasam iaitu tilapia, loma, lampam, sepat dan gelama diperoleh daripada pembekal
    Perusahaan Ikan Pekasam Kiah di Kuala Kangsar, Perak. Penentuan spesies LAB dijalankan melalui kaedah pencairan
    bersiri, pengkulturan LAB, ujian katalase, ujian pewarnaan spora serta ujian pengesanan Gram bakteria dan morfologi.
    Pengesahan spesies LAB dijalankan melalui pengekstrakan asid deoksiribonukleik (DNA), amplifikasi dengan tindak
    balas rantaian polimerasi (PCR), analisis elektroforesis gel dan penjujukan DNA. Hasil jujukan DNA yang diperoleh
    dibandingkan dengan jujukan dalam pangkalan data GenBank di NCBI menggunakan BLAST. Didapati Lactobacillus
    brevis KB290 DNA dan Lactobacillus casei W56 wujud dalam pekasam tilapia, Lactobacillus plantarum 16 dalam
    pekasam lampam, Lactobacillus casei BD-II kromosom dan Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 dalam pekasam sepat,
    Corynebacterium vitaeruminis DSM 20294 dan Streptococcus anginosus C1051 dalam pekasam gelama. Manakala
    Staphylococcus carnosus subsp. carnosus TM300 kromosom adalah LAB dominan dalam pekasam loma. Sementara
    itu, sebatian aroma ditentukan melalui kaedah pengekstrakan cecair menggunakan pelarut metanol dan heksana.
    Pemprofilan sebatian aroma dijalankan dengan kromatografi gas-spektometer jisim (GC-MS). Sebatian aroma dalam
    ekstrak metanol dan heksana daripada lima jenis ikan pekasam dibandingkan. Bilangan sebatian aroma yang diekstrak
    menggunakan metanol adalah lebih banyak berbanding dengan yang menggunakan heksana. Sebatian aroma yang
    paling banyak dikesan adalah daripada pekasam loma. Asid karboksilik merupakan sebatian yang paling dominan
    dalam ikan pekasam dan memberi bau hamis serta tengik.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  13. Rediscovery of nycticebus coucang insularis robinson, 1917 (primates: lorisidae) at tioman island and its mitochondrial genetic assessment
    Jeffrine J. Rovie-Ryan, Millawati Gani, Norsyamimi Rosli, Han Ming Gan, Gilmoore G. Bolongon, Tan Cheng Cheng, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2533-2542.
    Slow lorises (Nycticebus) consist of eight species native to Southeast Asia while three species are recognised in
    Malaysia - N. coucang, N. menagensis and N. kayan. This study reports on the rediscovery of the subspecies N. coucang
    insularis Robinson, 1917 in Tioman Island and the genetic assessment of its mitochondrial DNA variation. Morphological
    measurements conform the specimen as the putative N. coucang but with distinct colour and markings. Two mitochondrial
    DNA segments (cytochrome b and control region) were produced from the subspecies representing their first registered
    sequences in GenBank. Genetically, the subspecies showed 99% of nucleotide similarity to N. coucang species type for
    both the DNA segments and constitute its own unique haplotype. Phylogenetic trees constructed using three methods
    (neighbour joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) showed two major groups within Nycticebus; the
    basal group was formed by N. pygmaeus while the second group consisted of the remaining Nycticebus species. The
    phylogenetic position of the subspecies, however, remains unresolved due to the observed mixing between N. coucang and
    N. bengalensis. Several reasons could lead to this condition including the lack of well documented voucher specimens and
    the short DNA fragments used. In addition, the possibility of hybridisation event between N. coucang and N. bengalensis
    could not be excluded as a possible explanation since both species occur sympatrically at the Isthmus of Kra region
    until the Thailand-Malaysia border. The rediscovery of this subspecies displays the unique faunal diversity that justifies
    the importance of Tioman Island as a protected area.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  14. An aminonaphthalene-based colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for selective recognition of Fe3+ in water
    Nizar SA, Kobayashi T, Mohd Suah FB
    Luminescence, 2020 Dec;35(8):1286-1295.
    PMID: 32525612 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3890
    This paper describes the synthesis of poly(1-aminonaphthalene) and its application as a chemosensor for detection of Fe3+ using the naked eye and a fluorimetric method. The conjugated polymer was synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization using FeCl3 as a catalyst. The response of the polymer towards various metal ions was investigated using colorimetric detection, and ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. The polymer displayed high selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ compared with other metal ions. A significant colour change from purple to yellow was observed upon addition of Fe3+ by the naked eye. The polymer also showed a high selectivity and sensitivity 'turn-off' fluorescence response towards Fe3+ ions. A good linear response was obtained for Fe3+ concentrations in the range 10-50 mg L-1 with a detection limit of 1.04 mg L-1 . The proposed chemosensor was applied for determination of Fe3+ content in water samples and satisfactory results were obtained.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color; Colorimetry
  15. Fulltext Land snails of Leptopoma Pfeiffer, 1847 in Sabah, Northern Borneo (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae): an analysis of molecular phylogeny and geographical variations in shell form
    Phung CC, Heng PS, Liew TS
    PeerJ, 2017;5:e3981.
    PMID: 29104827 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3981
    Leptopoma is a species rich genus with approximately 100 species documented. Species-level identification in this group has been based on shell morphology and colouration, as well as some anatomical features based on small sample sizes. However, the implications of the inter- and intra-species variations in shell form to the taxonomy of Leptopoma species and the congruency of its current shell based taxonomy with its molecular phylogeny are still unclear. There are four Leptopoma species found in Sabah, Borneo, and their taxonomy status remains uncertain due to substantial variation in shell forms. This study focuses on the phylogenetic relationships and geographical variation in shell form of three Leptopoma species from Sabah. The phylogenetic relationship of these species was first estimated by performing Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analysis based on mitochondrial genes (16S rDNA and COI) and nuclear gene (ITS-1). Then, a total of six quantitative shell characters (i.e., shell height, shell width, aperture height, aperture width, shell spire height, and ratio of shell height to width) and three qualitative shell characters (i.e., shell colour patterns, spiral ridges, and dark apertural band) of the specimens were mapped across the phylogenetic tree and tested for phylogenetic signals. Data on shell characters of Leptopoma sericatum and Leptopoma pellucidum from two different locations (i.e., Balambangan Island and Kinabatangan) where both species occurred sympatrically were then obtained to examine the geographical variations in shell form. The molecular phylogenetic analyses suggested that each of the three Leptopoma species was monophyletic and indicated congruence with only one of the shell characters (i.e., shell spiral ridges) in the current morphological-based classification. Although the geographical variation analyses suggested some of the shell characters indicating inter-species differences between the two Leptopoma species, these also pointed to intra-species differences between populations from different locations. This study on Leptopoma species is based on small sample size and the findings appear only applicable to Leptopoma species in Sabah. Nevertheless, we anticipate this study to be a starting point for more detailed investigations to include the other still little-known (ca. 100) Leptopoma species and highlights a need to assess variations in shell characters before they could be used in species classification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  16. Strawberry puree processed by thermal, high pressure, or power ultrasound: Process energy requirements and quality modeling during storage
    Sulaiman A, Farid M, Silva FV
    Food Sci Technol Int, 2017 Jun;23(4):293-309.
    PMID: 28595485 DOI: 10.1177/1082013216685485
    Strawberry puree was processed for 15 min using thermal (65 ℃), high-pressure processing (600 MPa, 48 ℃), and ultrasound (24 kHz, 1.3 W/g, 33 ℃). These conditions were selected based on similar polyphenoloxidase inactivation (11%-18%). The specific energies required for the above-mentioned thermal, high-pressure processing, and power ultrasound processes were 240, 291, and 1233 kJ/kg, respectively. Then, the processed strawberry was stored at 3 ℃ and room temperature for 30 days. The constant pH (3.38±0.03) and soluble solids content (9.03 ± 0.25°Brix) during storage indicated a microbiological stability. Polyphenoloxidase did not reactivate during storage. The high-pressure processing and ultrasound treatments retained the antioxidant activity (70%-74%) better than the thermal process (60%), and high-pressure processing was the best treatment after 30 days of ambient storage to preserve antioxidant activity. Puree treated with ultrasound presented more color retention after processing and after ambient storage than the other preservation methods. For the three treatments, the changes of antioxidant activity and total color difference during storage were described by the fractional conversion model with rate constants k ranging between 0.03-0.09 and 0.06-0.22 day - 1, respectively. In resume, high-pressure processing and thermal processes required much less energy than ultrasound for the same polyphenoloxidase inactivation in strawberry. While high-pressure processing retained better the antioxidant activity of the strawberry puree during storage, the ultrasound treatment was better in terms of color retention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  17. A new species of Polyplocia Lestage from Malaysia with comments on the genus (Ephemeroptera, Euthyplociidae, Euthyplociinae)
    Gonçalves IC, Peters JG
    Zootaxa, 2016 Nov 07;4184(3):zootaxa.4184.3.9.
    PMID: 27988780 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.9
    Polyplocia nebulosa sp. nov. is described based on male and female imagos from Malaysia, Sabah State. Nymphs provisionally assigned to this species are also described. This species can be readily separated from P. vitalisi by the color pattern of the wings, with light brown longitudinal veins, narrow dark brown clouds on cross veins and margins of wings tinged with brown. The male genitalia are distinct from those of other species of Polyplocia: penes are broad, T-shaped, with large lateral projecting lobes, which are apically rounded, and with a small dorsolateral spine on each lobe; the styliger plate is short and not projected posteriorly. Eggs of the genus are described for the first time using scanning electron microscopy. Eggs are 265-267 µm in length, 170-186 µm in width, barrel-shaped, without polar caps or other attachment structures, with one visible micropyle and with chorion forming an irregular mesh with raised ridges (mesh between 3.8-8 µm). A key to male adults of Polyplocia is provided and additional records of Polyplocia from Thailand are given.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  18. Sono assisted electrocoagulation process for the removal of pollutant from pulp and paper industry effluent
    Asaithambi P, Aziz ARA, Sajjadi B, Daud WMABW
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2017 Feb;24(6):5168-5178.
    PMID: 27221586 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6909-5
    In the present work, the efficiency of the sonication, electrocoagulation, and sono-electrocoagulation process for removal of pollutants from the industrial effluent of the pulp and paper industry was compared. The experimental results showed that the sono-electrocoagulation process yielded higher pollutant removal percentage compared to the sonication and electrocoagulation process alone. The effect of the operating parameters in the sono-electrocoagulation process such as electrolyte concentration (1-5 g/L), current density (1-5 A/dm(2)), effluent pH (3-11), COD concentration (1500-6000 mg/L), inter-electrode distance (1-3 cm), and electrode combination (Fe and Al) on the color removal, COD removal, and power consumption were studied. The maximum color and COD removal percentages of 100 and 95 %, respectively, were obtained at the current density of 4 A/dm(2), electrolyte concentration of 4 g/L, effluent pH of 7, COD concentration of 3000 mg/L, electrode combination of Fe/Fe, inter-electrode distance of 1 cm, and reaction time of 4 h, respectively. The color and COD removal percentages were analyzed by using an UV/Vis spectrophotometer and closed reflux method. The results showed that the sono-electrocoagulation process could be used as an efficient and environmental friendly technique for complete pollutant removal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  19. Differential preferences of oviposition by Aedes mosquitos in man-made containers under field conditions
    Chua KB, Chua IL, Chua IE, Chua KH
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2004 Sep;35(3):599-607.
    PMID: 15689073
    A study was made of the oviposit behavior of gravid female Aedes mosquitos in man-made habitats under field conditions. The study showed that the gravid female Aedes mosquitos preferred containers with relatively easy access but not too open to external environmental influence. The dark surface of the containers served as the initial and long-range attractant to the breeding sites. Volatile chemicals generated by the decaying vegetation in the container may serve as a close-range attractant. Finally, the water quality and the quantity of 'food' derived from decaying vegetative matter in the water determined the amount of eggs deposited in each container. The study confirmed previous findings that each gravid female Aedes mosquito had the tendency to lay her eggs in more than one container. However, the results of the study suggests that under favorable conditions, each gravid female Aedes mosquito could be encouraged to lay all her eggs in a single breeding site.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
  20. Integrating color histogram analysis and convolutional neural networks for skin lesion classification
    Rasel MA, Kareem SA, Obaidellah U
    Comput Biol Med, 2024 Dec;183:109250.
    PMID: 39395346 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109250
    The color of skin lesions is a crucial diagnostic feature for identifying malignant melanoma and other skin diseases. Typical colors associated with melanocytic lesions include tan, brown, black, red, white, and blue-gray. This study introduces a novel feature: the number of colors present in lesions, which can indicate the severity of skin diseases and help distinguish melanomas from benign lesions. We propose a color histogram analysis, a traditional image processing technique, to analyze the pixels of skin lesions from three publicly available datasets: PH2, ISIC2016, and Med-Node, which include dermoscopic and non-dermoscopic images. While the PH2 dataset contains ground truth about skin lesion colors, the ISIC2016 and Med-Node datasets lack such annotations; our algorithm establishes this ground truth using the color histogram analysis based on the PH2 dataset. We then design and train a 19-layer Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with different skip connections of residual blocks to classify lesions into three categories based on the number of colors present. The DeepDream algorithm is utilized to visualize the learned features of different layers, and multiple configurations of the proposed CNN are tested, achieving the highest weighted F1-score of 75.00 % on the test set. LIME is subsequently applied to identify the most important features influencing the model's decision-making. The findings demonstrate that the number of colors in lesions is a significant feature for describing skin conditions. The proposed CNN, particularly with three skip connections, shows strong potential for clinical application in diagnosing melanoma, supporting its use alongside traditional diagnostic methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Color
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