Displaying publications 381 - 400 of 424 in total

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  1. Ahmed AM, Sulaiman WN
    Environ Manage, 2001 Nov;28(5):655-63.
    PMID: 11568845
    Landfills are sources of groundwater and soil pollution due to the production of leachate and its migration through refuse. This study was conducted in order to determine the extent of groundwater and soil pollution within and around the landfill of Seri Petaling located in the State of Selangor, Malaysia. The condition of nearby surface water was also determined. An electrical resistivity imaging survey was used to investigate the leachate production within the landfill. Groundwater geochemistry was carried out and chemical analysis of water samples was conducted upstream and downstream of the landfill. Surface water was also analyzed in order to determine its quality. Soil chemical analysis was performed on soil samples taken from different locations within and around the landfill in the vadose zone (unsaturated zone) and below the water table (in the soil saturated zone). The resistivity image along line L-L1 indicated the presence of large zones of decomposed waste bodies saturated with highly conducting leachate. Analysis of trace elements indicated their presence in very low concentrations and did not reflect any sign of heavy metal pollution of ground and surface water or of soil. Major ions represented by Na, K, and Cl were found in anomalous concentrations in the groundwater of the downstream bore hole, where they are 99.1%, 99.2%, and 99.4%, respectively, higher compared to the upstream bore hole. Electrical conductivity (EC) was also found in anomalous concentration downstream. Ca and Mg ions represent the water hardness (which is comparatively high downstream). There is a general trend of pollution towards the downstream area. Sulfates (SO4) and nitrates (NO3) are found in the area in low concentrations, even below the WHO standards for drinking water, but are significantly higher in the surface water compared to the groundwater. Phosphate (PO4) and nitrite (NO2), although present in low levels, are significantly higher at the downstream. There is no significant difference in the amount of fluoride (F) in the different locations. In the soil vadose zone, heavy metals were found to be in their typical normal ranges and within the background concentrations. Soil exchangeable bases were significantly higher in the soil saturated zone compared to the vadose zone, and no significant difference was obtained in the levels of inorganic pollutants. With the exception of Cd, the concentration ranges of all trace elements (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Ni) of Seri Petaling landfill soils were below the upper limits of baseline concentrations published from different sources.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Silicates/analysis
  2. Ebadi M, Buskaran K, Saifullah B, Fakurazi S, Hussein MZ
    Int J Mol Sci, 2019 Aug 01;20(15).
    PMID: 31374834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153764
    One of the current developments in drug research is the controlled release formulation of drugs, which can be released in a controlled manner at a specific target in the body. Due to the diverse physical and chemical properties of various drugs, a smart drug delivery system is highly sought after. The present study aimed to develop a novel drug delivery system using magnetite nanoparticles as the core and coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and Mg-Al-layered double hydroxide (MLDH) for the formation of FPVA-FU-MLDH nanoparticles. The existence of the coated nanoparticles was supported by various physico-chemical analyses. In addition, the drug content, kinetics, and mechanism of drug release also were studied. 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was found to be released in a controlled manner from the nanoparticles at pH = 4.8 (representing the cancerous cellular environment) and pH = 7.4 (representing the blood environment), governed by pseudo-second-order kinetics. The cytotoxicity study revealed that the anticancer delivery system of FPVA-FU-MLDH nanoparticles showed much better anticancer activity than the free drug, 5FU, against liver cancer and HepG2 cells, and at the same time, it was found to be less toxic to the normal fibroblast 3T3 cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Hydroxide/chemistry*
  3. Saifullah B, El Zowalaty ME, Arulselvan P, Fakurazi S, Webster TJ, Geilich BM, et al.
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2016;11:3225-37.
    PMID: 27486322 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S102406
    The chemotherapy for tuberculosis (TB) is complicated by its long-term treatment, its frequent drug dosing, and the adverse effects of anti-TB drugs. In this study, we have developed two nanocomposites (A and B) by intercalating the anti-TB drug isoniazid (INH) into Zn/Al-layered double hydroxides. The average size of the nanocomposites was found to bê164 nm. The efficacy of the Zn/Al-layered double hydroxides intercalated INH against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was increased by approximately three times more than free INH. The nanocomposites were also found to be active against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Compared to the free INH, the nanodelivery formulation was determined to be three times more biocompatible with human normal lung fibroblast MRC-5 cells and 3T3 fibroblast cells at a very high concentration of 50 µg/mL for up to 72 hours. The in vitro release of INH from the Zn/Al-layered double hydroxides was found to be sustained in human body-simulated buffer solutions of pH 4.8 and 7.4. This research is a step forward in making the TB chemotherapy patient friendly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum/pharmacology*
  4. Gabriel S, Rasheed AK, Siddiqui R, Appaturi JN, Fen LB, Khan NA
    Parasitol Res, 2018 Jun;117(6):1801-1811.
    PMID: 29675682 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5864-0
    Brain-eating amoebae (Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri) have gained increasing attention owing to their capacity to produce severe human and animal infections involving the brain. Early detection is a pre-requisite in successful prognosis. Here, we developed a nanoPCR assay for the rapid detection of brain-eating amoebae using various nanoparticles. Graphene oxide, copper and alumina nanoparticles used in this study were characterized using Raman spectroscopy measurements through excitation with a He-Ne laser, while powder X-ray diffraction patterns were taken on a PANanalytical, X'Pert HighScore diffractometer and the morphology of the materials was confirmed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Using nanoparticle-assisted PCR, the results revealed that graphene oxide, copper oxide and alumina nanoparticles significantly enhanced PCR efficiency in the detection of pathogenic free-living amoebae using genus-specific probes. The optimal concentration of graphene oxide, copper oxide and alumina nanoparticles for Acanthamoeba spp. was determined at 0.4, 0.04 and 0.4 μg per mL respectively. For B. mandrillaris, the optimal concentration was determined at 0.4 μg per mL for graphene oxide, copper oxide and alumina nanoparticles, and for Naegleria, the optimal concentration was 0.04, 4.0 and 0.04 μg per mL respectively. Moreover, combinations of these nanoparticles proved to further enhance PCR efficiency. The addition of metal oxide nanoparticles leads to excellent surface effect, while thermal conductivity property of the nanoparticles enhances PCR productivity. These findings suggest that nanoPCR assay has tremendous potential in the clinical diagnosis of parasitic infections as well as for studying epidemiology and pathology and environmental monitoring of other microbes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide/chemistry*
  5. Deraman MA, Abdul Hafidz MI, Lawenko RM, Ma ZF, Wong MS, Coyle C, et al.
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2020 06;51(11):1014-1021.
    PMID: 32343001 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15746
    BACKGROUND: Late-night supper increases the risk of postprandial reflux from the acid pocket especially in obesity. An alginate-based, raft-forming medication may be useful for obese patients with GERD.

    AIMS: To compare the efficacy of Gaviscon Advance (Reckitt Benckiser, UK) and a non-alginate antacid in post-supper suppression of the acid pocket and post-prandial reflux among obese participants.

    METHODS: Participants underwent 48 h wireless and probe-based pH-metry recording of the acid pocket and lower oesophagus, respectively, and were randomised to single post-supper (10 pm) dose of either Gaviscon Advance or a non-alginate antacid on the second night. Primary outcomes were suppression of median pH of acid pocket and lower oesophagus, measured every 10-minutes post-supper for 1 h. Secondary outcomes were suppression of % time pH 

    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Hydroxide/therapeutic use*
  6. Gupta G, Chellappan DK, Agarwal M, Ashwathanarayana M, Nammi S, Pabreja K, et al.
    Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem, 2017;17(3):196-200.
    PMID: 27834136 DOI: 10.2174/1871524917666161111095335
    BACKGROUND: Elevation in brain levels of aluminium can be neurotoxic and can cause learning and memory deficiencies. In Chinese medicine, Morus alba is used as a neuroprotective herb. The current study was intended to discover the recuperative effect of morusin against aluminium trichloride (AlCl3)-induced memory impairment in rats along with biochemical mechanism of its protective action.

    METHODS: Memory deficiency was produced by AlCl3 (100 mg/kg; p.o.) in experimental animals. Learning and memory activity was measured using Morris water maze (MWM) test model. Central cholinergic activity was evaluated through the measurement of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In addition to the above, oxidative stress was determined through assessment of brain thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) levels.

    RESULTS: AlCl3 administration prompted significant deficiency of learning and memory in rats, as specified by a noticeable reduction in MWM presentation. AlCl3 administration also produced a significant deterioration in brain AChE action and brain oxidative stress (increase in TBARS and decrease in GSH) levels. Treatment with morusin (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg, dose orally) significantly overturned AlCl3- induced learning and memory shortages along with diminution of AlCl3-induced rise in brain AChE activity and brain oxidative stress levels.

    CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that morusin exerts a memory-preservative outcome in mental discrepancies of rats feasibly through its various activities.

    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Compounds/toxicity*
  7. Panhwar QA, Naher UA, Radziah O, Shamshuddin J, Razi IM
    Molecules, 2015 Feb 20;20(3):3628-46.
    PMID: 25710843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033628
    Aluminum toxicity is widely considered as the most important limiting factor for plants growing in acid sulfate soils. A study was conducted in laboratory and in field to ameliorate Al toxicity using plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), ground magnesium limestone (GML) and ground basalt. Five-day-old rice seedlings were inoculated by Bacillus sp., Stenotrophomonas maltophila, Burkholderia thailandensis and Burkholderia seminalis and grown for 21 days in Hoagland solution (pH 4.0) at various Al concentrations (0, 50 and 100 μM). Toxicity symptoms in root and leaf were studied using scanning electron microscope. In the field, biofertilizer (PGPB), GML and basalt were applied (4 t·ha-1 each). Results showed that Al severely affected the growth of rice. At high concentrations, the root surface was ruptured, leading to cell collapse; however, no damages were observed in the PGPB inoculated seedlings. After 21 days of inoculation, solution pH increased to >6.0, while the control treatment remained same. Field study showed that the highest rice growth and yield were obtained in the bio-fertilizer and GML treatments. This study showed that Al toxicity was reduced by PGPB via production of organic acids that were able to chelate the Al and the production of polysaccharides that increased solution pH. The release of phytohormones further enhanced rice growth that resulted in yield increase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum/toxicity*
  8. Lim BK, Ng KY, Omar J, Omar SZ, Gunapalaiah B, Teoh YL, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Feb;69(1):2-8.
    PMID: 24814620
    INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women worldwide. The HPV-16/18 AS04- adjuvanted vaccine (Cervarix©) has previously been shown to be highly immunogenic with a clinically acceptable safety profile. This phase IIIb, double-blind, randomized (1:1) and placebo controlled trial (NCT00345878) was designed to evaluate the vaccine immunogenicity against HPV-16 and HPV-18 as well as its safety and reactogenicity in Malaysian women.

    METHODS: Healthy women aged 18-35 years received intramuscularly three doses of either the vaccine (HPV group) or aluminium hydroxide (ALU group) at 0, 1, and 6 months. Antibody titers were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

    RESULTS: A total of 271 eligible subjects were enrolled and 266 subjects completed the study. Initially seronegative subjects in the HPV group showed 100% seroconversion one month post-dose-3 for anti HPV-16 and anti-HPV-18 antibodies with geometric mean titers of 11107.5 (95% CI: 9727.3-12683.4) EL.U/mL and 4273.5 (95% CI: 3771.8-4841.9) EL.U/mL, respectively. Over 96% of subjects in both groups received all three vaccine doses. Solicited local (pain) and general symptoms (myalgia, fatigue, arthralgia and headache) were commonly reported in both HPV and ALU groups. Eight serious adverse events were reported throughout the study (five in the HPV group; three in the ALU group), all considered by investigators to be unrelated to vaccination.

    CONCLUSION: The HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine was immunogenic and generally well tolerated in Malaysian women aged 18-35 years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Hydroxide
  9. Yee KF, Lee KT, Ceccato R, Abdullah AZ
    Bioresour Technol, 2011 Mar;102(5):4285-9.
    PMID: 21232947 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.12.048
    This study reports the conversion of Jatrophacurcas L. oil to biodiesel catalyzed by sulfated zirconia loaded on alumina catalyst using response surface methodology (RSM), specifically to study the effect of interaction between process variables on the yield of biodiesel. The transesterification process variables studied were reaction temperature, reaction duration, molar ratio of methanol to oil and catalyst loading. Results from this study revealed that individual as well as interaction between variables significantly affect the yield of biodiesel. With this information, it was found that 4h of reaction at 150°C, methanol to oil molar ratio of 9.88 mol/mol and 7.61 wt.% for catalyst loading gave an optimum biodiesel yield of 90.32 wt.%. The fuel properties of Jatropha biodiesel were characterized and it indeed met the specification for biodiesel according to ASTM D6751.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide
  10. AL-Makramani BM, Razak AA, Abu-Hassan MI
    J Prosthodont, 2009 Aug;18(6):484-8.
    PMID: 19694015
    PURPOSE: This study investigated the occlusal fracture resistance of Turkom-Cerafused alumina compared to Procera AllCeram and In-Ceram all-ceramic restorations.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixmaster dies were duplicated from the prepared maxillary first premolar tooth using nonprecious metal alloy (Wiron 99). Ten copings of 0.6 mm thickness were fabricated from each type of ceramic, for a total of thirty copings. Two master dies were used for each group, and each of them was used to lute five copings. All groups were cemented with resin luting cement Panavia F according to manufacturer's instructions and received a static load of 5 kg during cementation. After 24 hours of distilled water storage at 37 degrees C, the copings were vertically compressed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min.

    RESULTS: The results of the present study showed the following mean loads at fracture: Turkom-Cera (2184 +/- 164 N), In-Ceram (2042 +/- 200 N), and Procera AllCeram (1954 +/- 211 N). ANOVA and Scheffe's post hoc test showed that the mean load at fracture of Turkom-Cera was significantly different from Procera AllCeram (p < 0.05). Scheffe's post hoc test showed no significant difference between the mean load at fracture of Turkom-Cera and In-Ceram or between the mean load at fracture of In-Ceram and Procera AllCeram.

    CONCLUSION: Because Turkom-Cera demonstrated equal to or higher loads at fracture than currently accepted all-ceramic materials, it would seem to be acceptable for fabrication of anterior and posterior ceramic crowns.

    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide
  11. Al-Makramani BM, Razak AA, Abu-Hassan MI
    J Contemp Dent Pract, 2008;9(2):33-40.
    PMID: 18264523
    The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of different luting agents on the fracture strength of Turkom-Cera all-ceramic copings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide
  12. Ahmad R, Morgano SM, Wu BM, Giordano RA
    J Prosthet Dent, 2005 Nov;94(5):421-9.
    PMID: 16275301
    Many studies on the strengthening effects of grinding and polishing, as well as heat treatment on ceramics, are not well standardized or use commercially available industrial polishing systems. The reported effectiveness of these strengthening mechanisms on ceramics may not be applicable to clinical dentistry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide
  13. Ramesh M, Narasimhan M, Krishnan R, Chalakkal P, Aruna RM, Kuruvilah S
    Contemp Clin Dent, 2016 6 17;7(2):203-8.
    PMID: 27307668 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237X.183061
    CONTEXT: There are various regions in India that have high levels of fluoride in drinking water sources. Many people residing in such places suffer from dental fluorosis (DF).

    AIMS: To evaluate the prevalence of DF in children residing in Salem and also to find any correlation between DF and other related factors.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: One school from each block of Salem (total 21 blocks) was selected for the study. A single examiner had evaluated untreated caries, lesions, and DF (for permanent anterior teeth and molars) using the Dean's fluorosis index, in all children. Water fluoride level determination at each school was done using the Tamil Nadu Water Fluoridation and Drainage Board field kit. Other factors that may have contributed to DF were assessed using a questionnaire, which was provided to each student. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the SPSS software version 11.5.

    STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.

    RESULTS: DF was present in 56.9% of the children examined. It was mostly seen in 9 years old (72%) and male (59%) children. A positive correlation was found between the occurrence of DF and the duration of residence in a place with high water fluoride content, consumption of borewell water (64%), the parts per million of fluoride in drinking water, consumption of black tea (59%). However, no correlation was found between DF, dental caries, consumption of milk, or consumption of foods cooked in aluminum vessels.

    CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between DF and factors such as male gender, bore well water consumption, black tea consumption and the duration of residence in a place with high water fluoride content.

    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum
  14. Malini M, Kwan TK, Perumal R
    Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int., 1994 Feb;32(2):279-90.
    PMID: 8019433
    In vivo studies involved monitoring the effect of morphine administration on catecholamine biosynthesis by the brain while in vitro studies involved studying the effect of morphine on the uptake of tritiated tyrosine by synaptosomes and its subsequent incorporation into the catecholamines. The extremely low levels of these endogenous compounds required the use of High Performance Liquid Chromatography with electrochemical detection. Intra-peritoneal injection of morphine at a dosage of 10 mg/kg did not produce appreciable changes in the catecholamine levels but a dosage of 30 mg/kg morphine was found to elevate dihydroxy phenylacetic acid content. At a dosage of 60 mg/kg, dopamine levels were elevated while noradrenaline was depleted. Morphine, at a concentration of 1 x 10(-5)M increases the incorporation of tritiated tyrosine into dopamine and dihydroxy phenylacetic acid in synaptosomal preparations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide
  15. Danial R, Sobri S, Abdullah LC, Mobarekeh MN
    Chemosphere, 2019 Oct;233:559-569.
    PMID: 31195261 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.010
    In this study, the performance of glyphosate removal in an electrocoagulation batch with two electrodes formed by the same metal type, consisting of aluminum, iron, steel and copper have been compared. The aim of this study intends to remove glyphosate from an aqueous solution by an electrocoagulation process using metal electrode plates, which involves electrogeneration of metal cations as coagulant agents. The production of metal cations showed an ability to bind together to form aggregates of flocs composed of a combination of glyphosate and metal oxide. Electrocoagulation using aluminum electrodes indicated a high percentage removal of glyphosate, 94.25%; followed by iron electrodes, 88.37%; steel electrodes, 62.82%; and copper electrodes, 46.69%. The treated aqueous solution was then analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Percentages of Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Sulfur remaining in the treated aqueous solution after the electrocoagulation process have been determined. The treated water and sludge were characterized and the mechanism of the overall process was concluded as an outcome. An X-Ray Diffraction analysis of dried sludge confirmed that new polymeric compounds were formed during the treatment. The sludge composed of new compounds were also verified the removals. This study revealed that an electrocoagulation process using metal electrodes is reliable and efficient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum
  16. Chen L, Xie W, Luo Y, Ding X, Fu B, Gopinath SCB, et al.
    PMID: 33786878 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2155
    A highly sensitive silica-alumina (Si-Al)-modified capacitive non-Faradaic glucose biosensor was introduced to monitor gestational diabetes. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was attached to the Si-Al electrode surface as the probe through amine-modification followed by glutaraldehyde premixed GOx as aldehyde-amine chemistry. This Si-Al (∼50 nm) modified electrode surface has increased the current flow upon binding of GOx with glucose. Capacitance values were increased by increasing the glucose concentrations. A mean capacitance value was plotted and the detection limit was found as 0.03 mg/mL with the regression coefficient value, R² = 0.9782 [y = 0.8391x + 1.338] on the linear range between 0.03 and 1 mg/mL. Further, a biofouling experiment with fructose and galactose did not increase the capacitance, indicating the specific glucose detection. This Si-Al-modified capacitance sensor detects a lower level of glucose presence and helps in monitoring gestational diabetes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide
  17. Zwain HM, Chang SM, Dahlan I
    Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2019;49(4):344-351.
    PMID: 30712465 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1566144
    Microbial content formed in bioreactors plays a significant role in the anaerobic process. Therefore, the physicochemical characteristics of microbial content in a modified anaerobic inclining-baffled reactor (MAI-BR) treating recycled paper mill effluent (RPME) were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric (TG), and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and surface area analyzer. FTIR spectra revealed that the microbial content had stronger characteristic peaks corresponding to alcohols, water, lipids carbohydrates, proteins, and mineral compounds. Calcite, muscovite, and lepidolite were the prevalent mineral phases found by XRD analysis. The elemental of these minerals like C, Ca, N, O, and Si was confirmed by XPS results. The microbial content samples from each compartment showed similar thermal behavior. SEM images showed that straight rod-shaped and Methanosaeta-like microorganisms were predominant, whereas C, O, and Ca were noticed by EDS on the surface of granules. The BET surface areas and pores of granules are found to decline throughout the reactor's compartment, where Compartment 1 had the largest values. Thus, the findings of this study establish further understanding of the physicochemical properties of microbial content formed in MAI-BR during the RPME treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Silicates
  18. Lisuzzo L, Cavallaro G, Pasbakhsh P, Milioto S, Lazzara G
    J Colloid Interface Sci, 2019 Jul 01;547:361-369.
    PMID: 30974251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.04.012
    The filling of halloysite nanotubes with active compounds solubilized in aqueous solvent was investigated theoretically and experimentally. Based on Knudsen thermogravimetric data, we demonstrated the water confinement within the cavity of halloysite. This process is crucial to properly describe the driving mechanism of halloysite loading. In addition, Knudsen thermogravimetric experiments were conducted on kaolinite nanoplates as well as on halloysite nanotubes modified with an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecanoate) in order to explore the influence of both the nanoparticle morphology and the hydrophobic/hydrophilic character of the lumen on the confinement phenomenon. The analysis of the desorption isotherms allowed us to determine the water adsorption properties of the investigated nanoclays. The pore sizes of the nanotubes' lumen was determined by combining the vapor pressure of the confined water with the nanoparticles wettability, which was studied through contact angle measurements. The thermodynamic description of the water confinement inside the lumen was correlated to the influence of the vacuum pumping in the experimental loading of halloysite. Metoprolol tartrate, salicylic acid and malonic acid were selected as anionic guest molecules for the experimental filling of the positively charged halloysite lumen. According to the filling mechanism induced by the water confinement, the vacuum operation and the reduced pressure enhanced the loading of halloysite nanotubes for all the investigated bioactive compounds. This work represents a further and crucial step for the development of halloysite based nanocarriers being that the filling mechanism of the nanotube's cavity from aqueous dispersions was described according to the water confinement process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Silicates
  19. NURDIYANA ROSLAN, MAZIDAH MAMAT, MAZIDAH MAMAT, KU HALIM KU BULAT
    MyJurnal
    Batik industryiswell known intheEast Coast of Malaysia, particularly in Terengganu and Kelantan. This industry consumes a lot of waterforthe batik making processwhich contributes tohigh dischargeof wastewater containingexcess dye pollutants. Hence,in this study, ananionic clayofnickel/aluminium-layered double hydroxide (NiAL) was investigatedas a potential adsorbent for the removal of anionic dyeof Eriochrome Black T (EBT). The NiAL was synthesized via self-assemblymethod and characterization of NiALwas carried outusing powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). The composition and morphology of NiAL was further analyzed using carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur elemental analyzer (CHNS), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).The potential of NiAL as an adsorbent for the removal ofEBT in aqueous solution was tested at different dosages of NiAL. Theadsorptionabilitywasanalyzedby using two common adsorption isotherms, which were Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption of EBT onto NiAL was governedby Freundlich isotherm model indicating that the adsorption occurs in heterogeneous system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum
  20. Melati Khalid, Mohamad Aris Mohd Moklas
    MyJurnal
    Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADC) is a rare autosomal recessive pediatric neurotransmitter disease. To date it remains poorly understood mainly due to an absence of a disease model. The dopaminergic neuroblastoma cell SH-SY5Y was chosen to develop our AADC deficiency model. These cells are not native dopamine synthesizers. Objective: To develop a dopamine-producing cellular model of AADC deficiency using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Methods: Dopamine pathway proteins were identified with Western Blotting. Dopaminergic differentiation was attempted using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) with dopamine detection via HPLC-ECD post alumina extraction. Treatment with L-DOPA provided SH-SY5Y with excess precursor. RT-PCR was used to determine the expression of markers of mature neurons. Results: Western Blot screening identified AADC, dopamine β-hydroxylase and tyrosine hyrdoxylase proteins, indicative of a dopaminergic pathway. ATRA was unsuccessful in producing dopamine from the cells. L-DOPA treatment however, generated dopamine first visible as a HPLC-ECD peak 30 minutes post-incubation. Prior to this, SH-SY5Y dopamine synthesis from L-DOPA has never been documented. This de novo synthesis is then inhibited using benserazide to form our AADC deficiency cell model. RT-PCR showed that SH-SY5Y cells express markers of mature neurons in its ‘native’ state and is not affected by L-DOPA and benserazide treatment. This cell model will potentially benefit many areas of AADC deficiency research. Conclusion: SH-SY5Y cells produced HPLC-ECD measureable amounts of dopamine with the addition of L-DOPA. Our model of AADC deficiency is generated by quelling the dopamine production with Benserazide.
    Matched MeSH terms: Aluminum Oxide
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