This study is fundamental in looking to validate the agreement of Self-Assesment Instrument of Outdoor Competency (OCL-oMR) among the Co-curriculum Center Coaches in Malaysia. The instrument are newly developed by the researcher . The Inventory Responses –oMR (IR-oMR) are purposely to evaluate and determine the goodness of self-assesement instrument of outdoor competency (OCL-oMR) among co-curriculum center coaches in Malaysia. By using the correlation & percentage, the analysis were used. N=10 of head coaches of co-curriculum Center were selected to be a sampels. These data is a secondary data that researcher used in the main research. But as a secondary data, its really important to researcher to identify and justify the newly instrument of self assesment of outdoor competency (OCL-oMR). Findings shown contents validity r=.82 were recorded and the language validity were shown r=.83. Meanwhile, anothers supporting data were used percentage of agreement of Inventory Responses –Omr (IR-oMR) toward the Self-Assesment Instrument of Outdoor Competency (OCL-oMR) among the Co-curriculum Center Coaches in Malaysia. Overall, from these findings, researcher found that’s the Inventory Responses – oMR (IR-oMR) shown that the Self-Assesment Instrument of Outdoor Competency (OCL-oMR) among the Co-curriculum Center Coaches in Malaysia are valid instrument to measure the competency level of outdoor education coaches in co-curriculum center in Malaysia and the Inventory Responses – oMR (IR-oMR) are significantly toward the outdoor competency (OCL-oMR).
As one of the states within the Federation of Malaysia, Sabah has inherited the characteristics of a
developing country’s security management. The threats are not only driven by external but also from
internal sources. As such, this article analyzes threats to Sabah's security predicaments. By using the
National Security Theory of Developing Countries and Securitization Theory as the basis for
discussion, the article explores and discusses how Sabah's security management have been influenced
by several variables such as local political influences, federal-state relations, and societal’s state
loyalty. The article concludes that Sabah’s security threats have been securitised by local political and
community leaders. But, the success of securitising the threats depend on how security actors at the
federal level are convinced with the omnipresent threats.
Background: The major problem with cervical cancer screening in countries which have no organized national screening program for cervical cancer is sub-optimal participation. Implementation of self-sampling method may increase the participation of women to screen for cervical cancer.
Aims: To determine the agreement of cytological diagnoses made on samples collected by women themselves (self-sampling) versus cytological diagnoses made on samples collected
by physicians (Physician sampling)
Methods: We invited women volunteers to undergo two procedures; cervical self-sampling using the Evalyn brush and physician scraping using Cervex brush. They women were
shown a video presentation on how to take their own cervical samples before the procedure. The samples taken by physicians were taken as per routine testing (Gold Standard). All
samples were subjected to Thin Prep monolayer smears. The diagnoses made were according to the Bethesda classification. The results from the two sampling methods were analysed and compared.
Results: A total of 367 women were recruited into the study. Thin Prep smears by physicians were better in terms of volume and variety of the cells seen. There is significant good agreement of the cytological diagnoses made on the samples from the two sampling methods with the Kappa value of 0.568 (p=0.040). The Thin Prep smears by self-sampling method were better in detecting microorganisms.
Conclusion: This study shows that samples taken by women themselves (self-sampling) and physicians sampling had good cytology agreement. Self-sampling could be the method of
choice in countries in which the coverage of women attending clinics for screening for cervical cancer is poor.
Pada era globalisasi ini, pembangunan negara tidak dapat diseimbangkan dengan baik memandangkan pembangunan fizikal semakin lebih pesat berbanding pembangunan sosial, terutamanya di bandarbandar besar yang sedang membangun. Oleh sebab itu, pembangunan sosial haruslah diambil perhatian supaya pembangunan fizikal dan sosial dapat dibangunkan dengan seimbang dan juga seiring. Dasar Sosial negara turut memberikan penekanan kepada aspek sosial, ekonomi dan teknologi. Di Malaysia, kajian yang melibatkan pembangunan sosial kanak-kanak dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan sosial di kawasan perumahan adalah kurang diambil perhatian oleh para penyelidik. Maka, kajian ini dilakukan untuk membincangkan mengenai kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat bandar di kawasan perumahan. Kertas kerja ini membincangkan mengenai dua perkara penting dalam perancangan bandar iaitu perancangan sosial dan kesejahteraan sosial bandar. Kaedah kajian yang digunakan adalah berdasarkan kepada penelitian terhadap kajian-kajian lepas dan dan juga meneliti Pelan Struktur Sabah 2033 yang diperolehi daripada Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Wilayah negeri Sabah serta temubual berstruktur bersama pegawai Jabatan Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Wilayah negeri Sabah . Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa perancangan sosial yang baik dapat memberikan impak yang cukup besar dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat bandar. Taman permainan juga telah dikenalpasti mampu memberikan kesan positif kepada kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat bandar di kawasan perumahan. Hal ini kerana, taman permainan berperanan sebagai tempat pertemuan sosial, iaitu tempat berkumpul dan saling mengenali antara ibu bapa dan juga anak-anak jiran tertangga.
Pemerkasaan wanita adalah salah satu syarat utama untuk mencapai kesaksamaan gender. Kajiankajian terdahulu mendapati sektor ekopelancongan berpotensi untuk memperkasa wanita dan merapatkan jurang gender dalam sesebuah komuniti. Namun begitu, sehingga kini masih wujud ketidaksaksamaan gender dalam sektor ekopelancongan dan ini telah memperlahankan proses pemerkasaan wanita dan seterusnya mempengaruhi pencapaian pembangunan komuniti khususnya di luar bandar. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan perspektif gender untuk menganalisis kriteria-kriteria ketidaksaksamaan gender yang masih wujud dalam sektor ekopelancongan di luar bandar, Sabah. Disamping itu, kajian ini juga cuba untuk menilai sejauhmana sektor ekopelancongan mampu mengurangkan jurang ketidaksaksamaan gender serta mampu memperkasa wanita di luar bandar. Walaupun sebelum ini terdapat pelbagai kajian yang telah dilakukan di Sabah berkaitan isu ekopelancongan, namun pendekatan perspektif gender dalam kajian ekopelancongan di Malaysia khususnya di Sabah masih kurang. Untuk memenuhi kekurangan tersebut, kajian ini mengaplikasi pendekatan perspektif tersebut untuk menganalisis impak aktiviti sektor ekopelancongan di luar bandar terhadap pemerkasaan wanita, tahap pencapaian kearah kesaksamaan gender serta kesannya kepada pembangunan komuniti. Kajian ini dijalankan dalam dua buah kampung di Kota Belud iaitu Kampung Rampayan Laut dan Kampung Nanamun, iaitu dua buah kampung yang terlibat mengusahakan aktiviti-aktiviti berkaitan ekopelancongan.
Rumah kedai bersejarah di Pantai Barat Sabah telah dibina ketika pentadbiran British North Borneo Company (Chatered) seawal akhir abad ke-19. Disebabkan usia bangunan ini ada yang melebihi 100 tahun menyebabkan timbul banyak isu dan ancaman seperti kemusnahan kerana bencana alam. Manakala pengubahsuaian yang tidak sensitif dan perobohan bangunan bersejarah ini bagi memberi laluan kepada pembangunan terkini merupakan ancaman manusia yang utama. Justeru, kajian ini akan membincangkan usaha dalam pemeliharaan dan perlindungan tinggalan bersejarah ini. Perbincangan turut memberi latar belakang sejarah pembinaan rumah kedai dengan menonjolkan keunikan seni binanya. Kajian ini akan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dalam pengumpulan data dan analisis kritikal pengurusan warisan. Makalah ini diharap dapat menjelaskan bentuk isu dan pendekatan alternatif dalam memelihara dan melindungi bangunan rumah kedai bersejarah yang masih wujud di beberapa pekan dan bandar di Sabah.
Kajian ini dilaksanakan untuk melihat penerimaan terhadap penggunaan mobile learning di kalangan pelajar tingkatan 6 dalam mata pelajaran geografi. Kaedah kuantitatif digunakan dalam kajian ini yang melibatkan sebuah pusat tingkatan 6 yang terletak di daerah Kota Kinabalu, Sabah seramai 137 orang pelajar. Semua pelajar yang mengambil mata pelajaran geografi telah diambil sebagai sampel kajian. Borang soal selidik digunakan sebagai instrumen dalam kajian ini yang telah diubahsuai dan dirujuk daripada Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) untuk menentukan tahap penerimaan terhadap penggunaan mobile learning di kalangan pelajar tingkatan 6 dalam mata pelajaran Geografi. Hasil daripada analisis statistik menunjukkan bahawa tahap penerimaan pelajar terhadap mobile learning berada di tahap yang tinggi.
Kebahagiaan adalah rasa kesejahteraan, kegembiraan atau kepuasan yang boleh membawa kepada satu bentuk emosi yang positif dalam diri seseorang pekerja. Namun kebahagiaan akan merosot akibat daripada tekanan kerja dan masalah yang berkaitan dengan kesihatan. Kebanyakan pekerja tidak menyedari akan bahaya tekanan kerja yang pada akhirnya akan mengakibatkan kemerosotan kesihatan. Kajian ini dijalankan adalah bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti status kebahagiaan dan tekanan yang dihadapi oleh staf Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) serta mengukur kos kesihatan yang terpaksa ditanggung oleh mereka. Seramai 100 orang staf UMT, di mana 50 orang staf daripada bahagian akademik dan 50 orang staf daripada bukan akademik telah terlibat dalam kajian ini. Satu set soal selidik digunakan sebagai instrumen kajian. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian SPSS versi 20.0. Secara keseluruhannya, dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara faktor tekanan kerja dan kebahagiaan. Majoriti staf UMT menyatakan bahawa mereka bahagia ketika berada di tempat kerja iaitu sebanyak 78 peratus. Jumlah kos langsung perbelanjaan kesihatan yang terpaksa ditanggung oleh responden adalah RM2,220, manakala jumlah kos tidak langsung pula adalah RM1,4376.41. Antara kes tertinggi yang dirujuk ke pusat rawatan adalah berkaitan dengan tekanan darah tinggi. Oleh itu, kesedaran dalam kalangan pekerja dari segi cara mengawal tekanan mereka adalah penting untuk mencapai kesihatan yang baik seterusnya merasa bahagia apabila membuat kerja.
The invasive weed Asystasia gangetica was investigated for its potential as a biomonitor and as a phytoremediator of potentially toxic metals (PTMs) (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in Peninsular Malaysia owing to its ecological resistance towards unfavourable environments. The biomonitoring potential of PTMs was determined based on the correlation analysis of the metals in the different parts of the plant (leaves, stems, and roots) and its habitat topsoils. In the roots, the concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn ranged from 0.03 to 2.18, 9.22 to 139, 0.63 to 5.47, 2.43 to 10.5, and 50.7 to 300, respectively. In the leaves, the concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn ranged from 0.03 to 1.16, 7.94 to 20.2, 0.03 to 6.13, 2.10 to 21.8, and 18.8 to 160, respectively. In the stems, the concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn ranged from 0.03 to 1.25, 5.57 to 11.8, 0.23 to 3.69, 0.01 to 7.79, and 26.4 to 246, respectively. On the other hand, the phytoremediation potential of the five metals was estimated based on the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF) values. Correlation analysis revealed that the roots and stems could be used as biomonitors of Cu, the stems as biomonitors of Ni, the roots and leaves as biomonitors of Pb, and all three parts of the plant as biomonitors of Zn. According to the BCF values, in the topsoil, the "easily, freely, leachable, or exchangeable" geochemical fractions of the five metals could be more easily transferred to the roots, leaves, and stems when compared with total concentrations. Based on the TF values of Cd, Ni, and Pb, the metal transfer to the stems (or leaves) from the roots was efficient (>1.0) at most sampling sites. The results of BCF and TF showed that A. gangetica was a good phytoextractor for Cd and Ni, and a good phytostabilizer for Cu, Pb, and Zn. Therefore, A. gangetica is a good candidate as a biomonitor and a phytoremediator of Ni, Pb, and Zn for sustainable contaminant remediation subject to suitable field management strategies.
Sesi praktikal konvensional sebelum ini telah dilaporkan kurang berkesan dalam mencapai objektif pembelajaran. Oleh itu “Speedy Biochemistry” diperkenalkan untuk membantu pelajar mengaplikasikan pengetahuan yang telah mereka pelajari di dalam kelas. Teknik ini memupuk semangat kerja berpasukan dan penerapan pengetahuan dalam penyelesaian masalah yang dapat dicapai melalui pembelajaran aktif. Pendekatan pembelajaran aktif telah kian diminati oleh para akademik kerana memberikan lebih banyak faedah kepada pelajar. Sesi “Speedy Biochemistry” telah dijalankan di kalangan pelajar perubatan Tahun 1 di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dan maklum balas mereka telah direkodkan. “Speedy Biochemistry” boleh menjadi contoh sesi pembelajaran aktif yang baik dalam meningkatkan minat pelajar perubatan di dalam mata pelajaran Biokimia.
Kajian ini menemui faktor-faktor cabaran kempen anti-merokok dari perspektif petugas kesihatan di Kuantan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menerokai cabaran kempen anti-merokok daripada pandangan petugas kesihatan, kesedaran tentang kewujudan Klinik Berhenti Merokok dan cara untuk menambah baik kempen antimerokok. Kajian ini adalah penting untuk membantu pihak berkuasa Malaysia untuk membangunkan strategi yang lebih baik dalam mempromosikan kempen anti-merokok pada masa akan datang. Persampelan “purposive” digunakan dalam pengumpulan data dan wawancara separa berstruktur telah dilakukan di kalangan lima petugas kesihatan dari tiga Klinik Berhenti Merokok yang terpilih. Kajian ini mendapati petugas kesihatan berpendapat bahawa perokok yang menerima rawatan dari Pusat Kesihatan mempunya pemahaman yang rendah mengenai tatacara piawai (SOP) dalam pemberhentian merokok, komitmen yang rendah dan senang dipengaruhi oleh masyarakat. Petugas kesihatan juga berpendapat tugas pelbagai disiplin menyebabkan tumpuan yang rendah terhadap pesakit yang merokok. Di samping itu, responden merasakan bahawa kewujudan Klinik Berhenti Merokok perlu diperluaskan penghebahannya kepada komuniti. Melalui penemuan ini, beberapa strategi dicadangkan untuk menambah baik pendekatan semasa dalam pengurangan bilangan perokok di Malaysia seperti penambahbaikan penghebahan kepada orang ramai, meningkatkan penguatkuasaan undang-undang serta menyediakan insentif.
Tabiat merokok adalah perilaku yang tidak sihat malah membahayakan bukan sahaja diri sendiri malahan masyarakat sekeliling. Walaupun terdapat banyak kempen anti-merokok telah diperkenalkan oleh kerajaan, namun keberkesanannya masih di tahap rendah. Oleh itu objektif kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka faktor utama kegagalan kempen anti-merokok di Malaysia, meneroka keberkesanan “Klinik Berhenti Merokok” dan menemui penyelesaian terbaik untuk memastikan kempen yang dijalankan berkesan pada masa akan datang. Ini adalah kajian rentas kualitatif di mana temuduga dijalankan di kalangan lima sukarela responden yang terdiri dari perokok dan bekas perokok di kawasan awam dan tiga klinik berhenti merokok yang terpilih. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis bertema. Kajian ini mendapati beberapa faktor penyumbang dari perspektif perokok dan pihak berkuasa perlu diberi keutamaan untuk penambahbaikan iaitu kurang kreativiti yang minimum dalam menguruskan promosi anti-merokok, kurang kreatitivi dah terhadap kesihatan, permintaan bahan pencetus semangat di tempat kerja, dan dalam pengurusan tekanan yang lemah. Hasil kajian mengesyorkan bahawa kempen bermula di sekolah rendah dan menengah, improvisasi tanda amaran penyakit, meluaskan kawasan promosi, memberi ganjaran semasa kempen dan perokok perlu mengambil inisiatif melibatkan diri dalam program ini. Kerajaan perlu menumpukan perhatian kepada program pencegahan merokok terlebih dahulu, daripada program intervensi berhenti merokok yang mungkin melibatkan kos kewangan yang tinggi.
About three quarters of the Malaysian adult population are physically active. There has been growth in physical activity and health research since 2010, with most studies being observational in design and few included objective measures of physical activity. The Malaysian Ministry of Health has published physical activity guidelines, strategies and action plans aimed at promoting physical activity. Physical activity promotion activities have included national campaigns and programmes which target different populations. Further work that incorporates the WHO Global Action Plans on Physical Activity (GAPPA), as well as a more systemic approach is needed, to promote physical activity and a healthy lifestyle. High-level multi-stakeholder collaboration is required for continuing expansion and strengthening of research capacity, and for bridging the physical activity policy gaps in Malaysia.
This study was conducted to evaluate the implementation of the School Supplement Feeding Program (SSFP) among primary school in terms of financial management and budget disbursement, food preparation, selection of menus and nutrient content of food served. A total of 129 schools comprising 77 national type, 31 Chinese and 21 Tamil vernacular schools in four different regions (northern, eastern, central and southern) of Peninsular Malaysia were selected for this study. The results of this cross-sectional study showed a need to improve the budget disbursement to schools. Most of the schools followed the guidelines provided by the Ministry of Education for selection of eligible children. The quality of food prepared by contracted (local community members) and voluntary (teachers) operators. The use of 10 recommended menus provided for a 2-week cycle by most of the schools has shown increased acceptance and less monotonous feeling towards the food among the children. Nutrient content of food served increased relatively with an increase in budget from RM0.45 to RM0.80 per child. Parents surveyed indicated that the program should continue as this will keep children from low income families from being hungry during school hours. A continued process of monitoring and evaluation is necessary to improve its implementation.
A field study was performed to describe the functional feeding groups (FFGs) of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) in the Tupah, Batu Hampar and Teroi Rivers in the Gunung Jerai Forest Reserve (GJFR), Kedah, Malaysia. Twenty-nine genera belonging to 19 families were identified. The EPTs were classified into five FFGs: collector-gatherers (CG), collector-filterers (CF), shredders (SH), scrapers (SC) and predators (P). In this study, CG and CF were the dominant groups inhabiting all three rivers. Ephemeroptera dominated these rivers due to their high abundance, and they were also the CG (90.6%). SC were the lowest in abundance among all groups. Based on the FFGs, the Teroi River was suitable for CG, whereas the Tupah and Batu Hampar Rivers were suitable for CG and CF. The distribution of FFGs differed among the rivers (CG, χ(2) = 23.6, p = 0.00; SH, χ(2) = 10.02, p = 0.007; P, χ(2) = 25.54, p = 0.00; CF, χ(2) = 21.95, p = 0.00; SC, χ(2) = 9.31, p = 0.01). These findings indicated that the FFGs found in rivers of the GJFR represent high river quality.
The pteridophyte flora of Langkawi Archipelago consists of 130 species, 1 subspecies and 12 varieties in 68 genera and 27 families. This value represents 22.1% of the 647 taxa at the species level and below reported for Peninsular Malaysia. Of the 143 recorded taxa of pteridophytes at the species level and below, 8 species in 2 genera and 2 families are lycophytes and the other 135 taxa in 66 genera and 25 families are monilophytes or ferns.
Rhaphidophora megasperma Engl., a species hitherto regarded as endemic to Sarawak, East Malaysia, is published as a new record for Peninsular Malaysia. It is the first species in the Rhaphidophora Spathacea group recorded for western Sunda. The species is illustrated and a key to the perforate-laminated Rhaphidophora in Peninsular Malaysia is presented.
This quasi-experimental study examined the effect of Supporting Family Doctors to Address Elder Abuse (SAFE) educational intervention among family doctors practicing at public primary care clinics in Malaysia. SAFE is an intensive, multimodal, locally tailored, and culturally sensitive face-to-face educational intervention on elder abuse. A significant mean score improvement of knowledge [Baseline: 5.33 (SD:1.33) to 6-month post-intervention: 6.45 (SD: 1.35); p<0.001] and perceived behavioral control [Baseline: 50.83 (SD: 8.87) to six-month post-intervention: 56.16 (SD: 9.56); p<0.001] observed in the intervention group compared to the control group. No significant difference in attitude, subjective norm, and practice scores between the two groups over time. SAFE educational intervention for family doctors was effective to improve but not sustainable knowledge and perceived behavioral control toward elder abuse identification and management. We recommend SAFE educational intervention as part of the continuous medical education for family doctors supplemented with a change in organization and national policy.