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  1. Fulltext Risk Factors Associated With Medication Errors Among Patients Suffering From Chronic Disorders
    Rasool MF, Rehman AU, Imran I, Abbas S, Shah S, Abbas G, et al.
    Front Public Health, 2020;8:531038.
    PMID: 33330300 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.531038
    Introduction: Medication error is unintentional and can be reduced by reducing the risk factors. Patients suffering from chronic diseases are at an increased risk of medication errors. Objective: This work aims to assess the risk factors associated with medication errors among patients suffering from chronic disorders in hospitals of South Punjab, Pakistan. Methodology: Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the impact of different risk factors on the prevalence of medication errors in patients suffering from chronic diseases. Results: A greater risk for the occurrence of medication errors was associated with age ≥60 years (odds ratio, OR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.3-3.1; p = 0.001), overburdened healthcare system (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.64-3.56; p < 0.000), number of prescribed drugs ≥5 (OR = 1.74; 95% CI = 1.02-2.64; p < 0.000), comorbidities (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.72-3.6; p = 0.003), Charlson comorbidity index (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 0.49-1.84; p = 0.004), and multiple prescribers to one patient (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 0.64-1.76; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Older age, overburdened healthcare system, number of prescribed drugs, comorbidities, Charlson comorbidity index, and multiple prescribers to one patient are significant risk factors for the occurrence of medication errors.
  2. Occurrence and distribution of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in mariculture fish and the human health implications
    Ismail NAH, Aris AZ, Wee SY, Nasir HM, Razak MR, Kamarulzaman NH, et al.
    Food Chem, 2021 May 30;345:128806.
    PMID: 33352402 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128806
    The presence and distribution of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the mariculture fish from Pulau Kukup, Johor of Malaysia have been studied along with the impact on human health. Six different species of mariculture fish were collected, due to their high consumption in the Asian region-especially Malaysia, to assess their levels of EDCs. The highest concentration of EDCs detected in the muscle was dexamethasone (2.37-15.84 ng/g) and (0.77-13.41 ng/g), in the liver was dexamethasone (<2.54-43.56 ng/g) and progesterone (2.23-9.78 ng/g), and in the reproductive organ are dexamethasone (<2.54-37.23 ng/g) and caffeine (0.21-18.92 ng/g). The human health risk assessment in the current study suggested that there is no potential risk to the consumer because the hazard index was below 1 (HI 
  3. Fulltext Recent Advances in Biopolymeric Composite Materials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicines: A Review
    Aslam Khan MU, Abd Razak SI, Al Arjan WS, Nazir S, Sahaya Anand TJ, Mehboob H, et al.
    Molecules, 2021 Jan 25;26(3).
    PMID: 33504080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030619
    The polymeric composite material with desirable features can be gained by selecting suitable biopolymers with selected additives to get polymer-filler interaction. Several parameters can be modified according to the design requirements, such as chemical structure, degradation kinetics, and biopolymer composites' mechanical properties. The interfacial interactions between the biopolymer and the nanofiller have substantial control over biopolymer composites' mechanical characteristics. This review focuses on different applications of biopolymeric composites in controlled drug release, tissue engineering, and wound healing with considerable properties. The biopolymeric composite materials are required with advanced and multifunctional properties in the biomedical field and regenerative medicines with a complete analysis of routine biomaterials with enhanced biomedical engineering characteristics. Several studies in the literature on tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound dressing have been mentioned. These results need to be reviewed for possible development and analysis, which makes an essential study.
  4. Antibiotic use: A cross-sectional survey assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices amongst students of Punjab, Pakistan
    Shah S, Abbas G, Chauhdary Z, Aslam A, Rehman AU, Khurram H, et al.
    J Am Coll Health, 2022;70(8):2499-2504.
    PMID: 33513316 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1865984
    Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of students regarding the use of antibiotics in Punjab, Pakistan. Participants: 525 medical and non-medical students from Punjab in Pakistan. Methods: The t-test and ANOVA were used to compare the average response of respondents. Chi-square test was used to measure the association of different elements. Results: The mean age was 20.78 ± 2.10%. About 14% of the students agreed about the appropriateness of antibiotics for viral infections, and 15% of students said they stopped taking the drugs when symptoms subsided. 65.7% of students took antibiotics only when prescribed by a doctor and 54% bought antibiotics without prescription. Statistically significant results were found among the students who had heard about the antibiotic resistance (p 
  5. A review of gas chromatographic techniques for identification of aqueous amine degradation products in carbonated environments
    Saeed IM, Mazari SA, Alaba P, Ali BS, Jan BM, Basirun WJ, et al.
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Feb;28(6):6324-6348.
    PMID: 33398750 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11753-5
    Degradation of amines is a significant issue allied to amine-based carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption in post-combustion CO2 capture. It becomes essential to have a detailed understanding of degradation products for advanced post-combustion CO2 capture technology. Identification and quantification of degradation products of amines help in practicability and environmental assessment of amine-based technology. Gas, liquid, and ion chromatographic techniques are the benchmark tools for qualitative and quantitative analyses of the amines and their derivatives. Among others, gas chromatography has been more in use for this specific application, especially for the identification of degradation products of amines. This review focuses on the critical elucidation of gas chromatographic analysis and development of methods to determine the amine degradation products, highlighting preparation methods for samples and selecting columns and detectors. The choice of detector, column, sample preparation, and method development are reviewed in this manuscript, keeping in view the industry and research applications. Furthermore, obtained results on the quantitative and qualitative analyses using gas chromatography are summarized with future perspectives.
  6. Fulltext Polyphenolics and triterpenes presence in chloroform extract of Dicranopteris linearis leaves attenuated paracetamol-induced liver intoxication in rat
    Zakaria ZA, Sahmat A, Azmi AH, Nur Zainol AS, Omar MH, Balan T, et al.
    BMC Complement Med Ther, 2021 Jan 14;21(1):35.
    PMID: 33446155 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03200-2
    INTRODUCTION: Water-soluble, but not lipid-soluble, extract of Dicranopteris linearis leaves has been proven to possess hepatoprotective activity. The present study aimed to validate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities, and phytoconstituents of lipid-soluble (chloroform) extract of D. linearis leaves.

    METHODS: The extract of D. linearis leaves (CEDL; 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was orally administered to rats for 7 consecutive days followed by the oral administration of 3 g/kg PCM to induce liver injury. Blood was collected for liver function analysis while the liver was obtained for histopathological examination and endogenous antioxidant activity determination. The extract was also subjected to antioxidant evaluation and phytochemicals determination via phytochemical screening, HPLC and UPLC-HRMS analyses.

    RESULTS: CEDL exerted significant (p 

  7. Fulltext Determinants of snakebite mortality in Asia: A systematic review
    Hannan Wan Ibadullah WA, Azmi MF, Abas MI, Syed Abdul Rahim SS, Jeffree MS, Azhar ZI, et al.
    Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2021 Feb;62:16-20.
    PMID: 33489110 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.12.040
    PURPOSE: This systemic review summarizes the evidence exploring the determinants of mortality due to snakebite envenomation in Asia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The database PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct were searched to identify the relevant literatures concerning mortality due to snakebites mortality in Asia. All the articles chosen were critically appraised for its quality using a mixed-method assessment tool by two independent reviewers with discrepancies sorted by a third person.

    RESULTS: A total of 7 studies were included in the final analysis which was 3 cross-sectional studies, 2 case reports, 1 observation prospective study and 1 randomized control trial study. Two studies were conducted in India and two studies in Sri Lanka while one study was conducted in Taiwan, Vietnam and Nepal respectively. The cases of snakebite victims were retrieved from the year of 1987 until 2017. In total, there were 762 cases of snakebite victims recorded, with 61 of those victims succumbed to death. From the final total of 7 studies, 4 of the studies showed snakebites mortality were related to delayed treatment access and 3 studies due to suboptimal care.

    CONCLUSION: Mortality and morbidity can be reduced if there is a quick access for victims to emergency medical care, rapid transfer time to hospital and receiving immediate optimal medical treatment from trained medical staff once in the hospital or dispensary.

  8. Fulltext High Thermal Gradient in Thermo-electrochemical Cells by Insertion of a Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Membrane
    Hasan SW, Said SM, Sabri MF, Bakar AS, Hashim NA, Hasnan MM, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 07 06;6:29328.
    PMID: 27381946 DOI: 10.1038/srep29328
    Thermo-Electrochemical cells (Thermocells/TECs) transform thermal energy into electricity by means of electrochemical potential disequilibrium between electrodes induced by a temperature gradient (ΔT). Heat conduction across the terminals of the cell is one of the primary reasons for device inefficiency. Herein, we embed Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) membrane in thermocells to mitigate the heat transfer effects - we refer to these membrane-thermocells as MTECs. At a ΔT of 12 K, an improvement in the open circuit voltage (Voc) of the TEC from 1.3 mV to 2.8 mV is obtained by employment of the membrane. The PVDF membrane is employed at three different locations between the electrodes i.e. x = 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm where 'x' defines the distance between the cathode and PVDF membrane. We found that the membrane position at x = 5 mm achieves the closest internal ∆T (i.e. 8.8 K) to the externally applied ΔT of 10 K and corresponding power density is 254 nWcm(-2); 78% higher than the conventional TEC. Finally, a thermal resistivity model based on infrared thermography explains mass and heat transfer within the thermocells.
  9. Fulltext Diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Malaysian children and adolescents
    Hong JYH, Jalaludin MY, Mohamad Adam B, Fuziah MZ, Wu LL, Rasat R, et al.
    Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(3):11-18.
    PMID: 27570603 MyJurnal
    Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a late presentation of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in children. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of type 1 DM at presentation so that appropriate actions can be taken to promote early diagnosis.
    Methods: This was a retrospective cohort review from a patient registry database. Data on all patients younger than 20 years old diagnosed with type 1 DM who had been registered with the Malaysian Diabetes in Children and Adolescents Registry (DiCARE) from its inception in 2006 until 2009 were analysed.
    Results: The study included 490 children and adolescents, out of which 57.1% were female. The mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 7.5 (3.7) years, which increased from year 2000 to 2009 [6.6 (3.3) years to 9.6 (3.5) years; p = 0.001]. An increasing percentage of DKA at diagnosis was observed from year 2000 (54.5%) to year 2009 (66.7%), which remained high and leveled between 54.5% and 75.0%. DKA was more common in patients with normal weight (p = 0.002) with no significant association with age, gender, ethnicity and status of family history of diabetes mellitus.
    Conclusion: An increasing trend of age at diagnosis of patients with type 1 DM was observed. Besides that, proportion of DKA at diagnosis had remained high over the past decade. This study found that normal weight was associated with status of DKA, thus more detailed investigations are required to determine the risk factors for DKA.
  10. On the taxonomy and phylogeny of the skinks Lipinia sekayuensis Grismer, Ismail, Awang, Rizal, & Ahmad and Lipinia surda Boulenger from Peninsular Malaysia
    Grismer LL, Wood PL, Syafiq MF, Badli-Sham BH, Rizal SA, Ahmad AB, et al.
    Zootaxa, 2016 Aug 02;4147(1):59-66.
    PMID: 27515603 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.1.3
    An integrative taxonomic analysis based on additional specimens and color photographs of Lipinia sekayuensis and additional color photographs of L. surda from Pulau Tioman and the Gunung Panti Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia confirm the previous hypotheses that L. sekayuensis is a valid species and is the sister species of L. surda. The two species share a 12.8% sequence divergence between them.
  11. Fulltext Heterologous, Expression, and Characterization of Thermostable Glucoamylase Derived from Aspergillus flavus NSH9 in Pichia pastoris
    Karim KM, Husaini A, Hossain MA, Sing NN, Mohd Sinang F, Hussain MH, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2016;2016:5962028.
    PMID: 27504454 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5962028
    A novel thermostable glucoamylase cDNA without starch binding domain (SBD) of Aspergillus flavus NSH9 was successfully identified, isolated, and overexpressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. The complete open reading frame of glucoamylase from Aspergillus flavus NSH9 was identified by employing PCR that encodes 493 amino acids lacking in the SBD. The first 17 amino acids were presumed to be a signal peptide. The cDNA was cloned into Pichia pastoris and the highest expression of recombinant glucoamylase (rGA) was observed after 8 days of incubation period with 1% methanol. The molecular weight of the purified rGA was about 78 kDa and exhibited optimum catalytic activity at pH 5.0 and temperature of 70°C. The enzyme was stable at higher temperature with 50% of residual activity observed after 20 min at 90°C and 100°C. Low concentration of metal (Mg(++), Fe(++), Zn(++), Cu(++), and Pb(++)) had positive effect on rGA activity. This rGA has the potential for use and application in the saccharification steps, due to its thermostability, in the starch processing industries.
  12. Anti-inflammatory trends of new benzimidazole derivatives
    Bukhari SN, Lauro G, Jantan I, Fei Chee C, Amjad MW, Bifulco G, et al.
    Future Med Chem, 2016 Oct;8(16):1953-1967.
    PMID: 27654499
    In present study, the anti-inflammatory activities of a new series of benzimidazole derivatives were studied, investigating their inhibition of secretory phospholipase A2, lipoxygenase, COXs and lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages.
  13. Synthesis, β-glucuronidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of hybrid bisindole-thiosemicarbazides analogs
    Taha M, Ismail NH, Imran S, Rahim F, Wadood A, Khan H, et al.
    Bioorg Chem, 2016 10;68:56-63.
    PMID: 27454618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.07.008
    Hybrid bisindole-thiosemicarbazides analogs (1-18) were synthesized and screened for β-glucuronidase activity. All compounds showed varied degree of β-glucuronidase inhibitory potential when compared with standard d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (IC50=48.4±1.25μM). Compounds 4, 7, 9, 6, 5, 12, 17 and 18 showed exceptional β-glucuronidase inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 0.1 to 5.7μM. Compounds 1, 3, 8, 16, 13, 2 and 14 also showed better activities than standard with IC50 values ranging from 7.12 to 15.0μM. The remaining compounds 10, 11, and 15 showed good inhibitory potential with IC50 values 33.2±0.75, 21.4±0.30 and 28.12±0.25μM respectively. Molecular docking studies were carried out to confirm the binding interaction of the compounds.
  14. In vitro evaluation of actively targetable superparamagnetic nanoparticles to the folate receptor positive cancer cells
    Nasiri R, Hamzehalipour Almaki J, Idris AB, Abdul Majid FA, Nasiri M, Salouti M, et al.
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2016 Dec 01;69:1147-58.
    PMID: 27612812 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.076
    Engineering of a physiologically compatible, stable and targetable SPIONs-CA-FA formulation was reported. Initially fabricated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were coated with citric acid (CA) to hamper agglomeration as well as to ameliorate biocompatibility. Folic acid (FA) as a targeting agent was then conjugated to the citric acid coated SPIONs (SPIONs-CA) for targeting the specific receptors expressed on the FAR+ cancer cells. Physiochemical characterizations were then performed to assure required properties like stability, size, phase purity, surface morphology, chemical integrity and magnetic properties. In vitro evaluations (MTT assay) were performed on HeLa, HSF 1184, MDA-MB-468 and MDA-MB-231cell lines to ensure the biocompatibility of SPIONs-CA-FA. There were no morphological changes and lysis in contact with erythrocytes recorded for SPIONs-CA-FA and SPIONs-CA. High level of SPIONs-CA-FA binding to FAR+ cell lines was assured via qualitative and quantitative in vitro binding studies. Hence, SPIONs-CA-FA was introduced as a promising tool for biomedical applications like magnetic hyperthermia and drug delivery. The in vitro findings presented in this study need to be compared with those of in vivo studies.
  15. Uranium in well drinking water of Kabul, Afghanistan and its effective, low-cost depuration using Mg-Fe based hydrotalcite-like compounds
    Kato M, Azimi MD, Fayaz SH, Shah MD, Hoque MZ, Hamajima N, et al.
    Chemosphere, 2016 Dec;165:27-32.
    PMID: 27619645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.124
    Toxic elements in drinking water have great effects on human health. However, there is very limited information about toxic elements in drinking water in Afghanistan. In this study, levels of 10 elements (chromium, nickel, copper, arsenic, cadmium, antimony, barium, mercury, lead and uranium) in 227 well drinking water samples in Kabul, Afghanistan were examined for the first time. Chromium (in 0.9% of the 227 samples), arsenic (7.0%) and uranium (19.4%) exceeded the values in WHO health-based guidelines for drinking-water quality. Maximum chromium, arsenic and uranium levels in the water samples were 1.3-, 10.4- and 17.2-fold higher than the values in the guidelines, respectively. We next focused on uranium, which is the most seriously polluted element among the 10 elements. Mean ± SD (138.0 ± 1.4) of the (238)U/(235)U isotopic ratio in the water samples was in the range of previously reported ratios for natural source uranium. We then examined the effect of our originally developed magnesium (Mg)-iron (Fe)-based hydrotalcite-like compounds (MF-HT) on adsorption for uranium. All of the uranium-polluted well water samples from Kabul (mean ± SD = 190.4 ± 113.9 μg/L; n = 11) could be remediated up to 1.2 ± 1.7 μg/L by 1% weight of our MF-HT within 60 s at very low cost (<0.001 cents/day/family) in theory. Thus, we demonstrated not only elevated levels of some toxic elements including natural source uranium but also an effective depurative for uranium in well drinking water from Kabul. Since our depurative is effective for remediation of arsenic as shown in our previous studies, its practical use in Kabul may be encouraged.
  16. Fulltext Controlled Defects of Fluorine-incorporated ZnO Nanorods for Photovoltaic Enhancement
    Lee HB, Ginting RT, Tan ST, Tan CH, Alshanableh A, Oleiwi HF, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2016 09 02;6:32645.
    PMID: 27587295 DOI: 10.1038/srep32645
    Anion passivation effect on metal-oxide nano-architecture offers a highly controllable platform for improving charge selectivity and extraction, with direct relevance to their implementation in hybrid solar cells. In current work, we demonstrated the incorporation of fluorine (F) as an anion dopant to address the defect-rich nature of ZnO nanorods (ZNR) and improve the feasibility of its role as electron acceptor. The detailed morphology evolution and defect engineering on ZNR were studied as a function of F-doping concentration (x). Specifically, the rod-shaped arrays of ZnO were transformed into taper-shaped arrays at high x. A hypsochromic shift was observed in optical energy band gap due to the Burstein-Moss effect. A substantial suppression on intrinsic defects in ZnO lattice directly epitomized the novel role of fluorine as an oxygen defect quencher. The results show that 10-FZNR/P3HT device exhibited two-fold higher power conversion efficiency than the pristine ZNR/P3HT device, primarily due to the reduced Schottky defects and charge transfer barrier. Essentially, the reported findings yielded insights on the functions of fluorine on (i) surface -OH passivation, (ii) oxygen vacancies (Vo) occupation and (iii) lattice oxygen substitution, thereby enhancing the photo-physical processes, carrier mobility and concentration of FZNR based device.
  17. Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of (-)-pseudosemiglabrin, a major phytoconstituent isolated from Tephrosia apollinea (Delile) DC
    Hassan LE, Dahham SS, Fadul SM, Umar MI, Majid AS, Khaw KY, et al.
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2016 Aug 20.
    PMID: 27553975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.08.023
    Tephrosia apollinea (Delile) DC (Leguminosae) has been used in folk medicine in Arabian countries to treat inflammatory disorders. The plant has been described to treat swelling, bone fracture, bronchitis, cough, earache and wounds.
  18. Fulltext Antinociceptive Effect of 3-(2,3-Dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one in Mice Models of Induced Nociception
    Ismail NI, Ming-Tatt L, Lajis N, Akhtar MN, Akira A, Perimal EK, et al.
    Molecules, 2016 Aug 22;21(8).
    PMID: 27556438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081077
    The antinociceptive effects produced by intraperitoneal administration of a novel synthetic chalcone, 3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (DMFP), were investigated in several mouse models of induced nociception. The administration of DMFP (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg) produced significant attenuation on the acetic acid-induced abdominal-writhing test. It also produced a significant increase in response latency time in the hot-plate test and a marked reduction in time spent licking the injected paw in both phases of the formalin-induced paw-licking test. In addition, it was also demonstrated that DMFP exhibited significant inhibition of the neurogenic nociceptive response induced by intraplantar injections of capsaicin and glutamate. Moreover, the antinociceptive effect of DMFP in the acetic acid-induced abdominal-writhing test and the hot-plate test was not antagonized by pretreatment with a non-selective opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone. Finally, DMFP did not show any toxic effects and/or mortality in a study of acute toxicity and did not interfere with motor coordination during the Rota-rod test. Our present results show that DMFP exhibits both peripheral and central antinociceptive effects. It was suggested that its peripheral antinociceptive activity is associated with attenuated production and/or release of NO and various pro-inflammatory mediators, while central antinociceptive activity seems to be unrelated to the opioidergic system, but could involve, at least in part, an interaction with the inhibition of capsaicin-sensitive fibers and the glutamatergic system.
  19. Designing the angiogenic inhibitor for brain tumor via disruption of VEGF and IL17A expression
    Khan MS, Majid AM, Iqbal MA, Majid AS, Al-Mansoub M, Haque RS
    Eur J Pharm Sci, 2016 Oct 10;93:304-18.
    PMID: 27552907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.032
    Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant, heterogenic, and drug resistant tumor. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), systemic cytotoxicity, and limited specificity are the main obstacles in designing brain tumor drugs. In this study a computational approach was used to design brain tumor drugs that could downregulate VEGF and IL17A in glioblastoma multiforme type four. Computational screening tools were used to evaluate potential candidates for antiangiogenic activity, target binding, BBB permeability, and ADME physicochemical properties. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxicity, migration, invasion, tube formation, apoptosis, ROS and ELISA assays were conducted for molecule 6 that was deemed most likely to succeed. The efflux ratio of membrane permeability and calculated docking scores of permeability to glycoproteins (P-gps) were used to determine the BBB permeability of the molecules. The results showed BBB permeation for molecule 6, with the predicted efficiency of 0.55kcal/mol and binding affinity of -37kj/mol corresponding to an experimental efflux ratio of 0.625 and predicted -15kj/mol of binding affinity for P-gps. Molecule 6 significantly affected the angiogenesis pathways by 2-fold downregulation of IL17A and VEGF through inactivation of active sites of HSP90 (predicted binding: -37kj/mol, predicted efficiency: 0.55kcal/mol) and p23 (predicted binding: 12kj/mol, predicted efficiency: 0.17kcal/mol) chaperon proteins. Additionally, molecule 6 activated the 17.38% relative fold of ROS level at 18.3μg/mL and upregulated the caspase which lead the potential synergistic apoptosis through the antiangiogenic activity of molecule 6 and thereby the highly efficacious anticancer upshot. The results indicate that the binding of the molecules to the therapeutic target is not essential to produce a lethal effect on cancer cells of the brain and that antiangiogenic efficiency is much more important.
  20. Fulltext Prevalence of burnout among Universiti Sains Malaysia medical students
    Chin ARW, Chua YY, Chu MN, Mahadi NF, Yusof MSB, Wong MS, et al.
    Education in Medicine Journal, 2016;8(3):61-74.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The academic life of medical students can be considered as psychological toxic. About half of United States medical students experience burnout and more than 25% experience depression. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of burnout among medical students in a Malaysian medical school and its associated factors.
    Methods: This is a cross sectional study of 452 medical students from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Copenhagen Burnout Inventory was distributed via Google Forms through Facebook Messenger. Ethical approval was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee USM. Data were collected via Google Sheets. Each respondent only submitted one Google Form as no resubmission link was provided once completed Google Form was submitted.
    Result: The prevalence of burnout among USM medical students was 67.9%. Personal burnout was the highest (81.6%), followed by work-related burnout (73.7%) and client-related burnout (68.6%). The analysis showed that regardless of year of study, gender and ethnicity (all P > 0.05), USM medical students were vulnerable to burnout.
    Conclusion: The prevalence of burnout among USM medical students was high and the most prevalent type of burnout was personal burnout. Therefore, burnout among medical students should be a concern and must be addressed to prevent subsequent unwanted consequences.
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