Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 124 in total

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  1. Stigmasterol: An adjuvant for beta lactam antibiotics against beta-lactamase positive clinical isolates
    Yenn TW, Arslan Khan M, Amiera Syuhada N, Chean Ring L, Ibrahim D, Tan WN
    Steroids, 2017 Dec;128:68-71.
    PMID: 29104098 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.10.016
    The emergence of beta lactamase producing bacterial strains eliminated the use of beta lactam antibiotics as chemotherapeutic alternative. Beta lactam antibiotics can be coupled with non-antibiotic adjuvants to combat these multidrug resistant strains. We study the synergistic antibiotic effect of stigmasterol as adjuvant of ampicillin against clinical isolates. Ampicillin was used in this study as a beta lactam antibiotic model. All test bacteria were beta lactamase producing clinical isolates. The combination showed significantly better antibiotic activity on all bacteria tested. The two test substances have synergistic antibiotic activity, and the effect was observed in both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The synergistic antibiotic effect of stigmasterol and ampicillin was evident by the low fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index on Checkerboard Assay. The results suggest that the combination of ampicillin and stigmasterol acts additively in the treatment of infections caused by beta-lactamase producing pathogens. In bacterial growth reduction assay, ampicillin and stigmasterol alone exhibited very weak inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth, relative to ethanol control. Comparatively, combination of stigmasterol-ampicillin greatly reduced the colony counts at least by 98.7%. In conclusion, we found synergistic effects of stigmasterol and ampicillin against beta lactamase producing clinical isolates. This finding is important as it shows potential application of stigmasterol as an antibiotic adjuvant.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects; Gram-Positive Bacteria/pathogenicity
  2. Fulltext Antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from patients seen by private practitioners in the Klang Valley
    Cheong YM, Fairuz A, Jegathesan M
    Singapore Med J, 1995 Feb;36(1):43-6.
    PMID: 7570134
    Data on bacterial resistance in patients seen by general practitioners are usually not readily available. The objective of this paper is to present the antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from patients seen by private practitioners in the Klang Valley. A total of 18 clinics participated in this study. From mid August 1991 to end of June 1993, 2,823 specimens were received. Throat swabs and urine specimens constituted 56% of all the specimens. A large proportion of the specimens (55%) yielded no growth or just normal flora. The common bacteria encountered were Staphylococcus aureus (18.4%), Escherichia coli (16.2%), Klebsiella spp (13.7%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (9.3%). The S. aureus strains were mainly isolated from wound, pus and ear swabs. Not one out of the 218 strains tested was resistant to methicillin. In vitro susceptibility tests showed that 91% were resistant to penicillin while 23% were resistant to tetracycline and 13% to erythromycin. Eighty-two percent of the E. coli were isolated from urine. It was also the most common isolate from urine. Fifty percent of these strains were resistant to ampicillin, 33% to cotrimoxazole, 17% to cephalothin, 21% to ampicillin-sulbactam, 18% to amoxycillin-clavulanic acid while only 2.3% were resistant to nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoin and none to cefuroxime. Generally the gram negative bacilli encountered in general practice are less resistant to the third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides when compared to the hospital strains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects*; Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification
  3. Fulltext Characterization and safety evaluation of partially purified bacteriocin produced by Escherichia coli E isolated from fermented pineapple Ananas comosus (L.) Merr
    Le VT, Leelakriangsak M, Lee SW, Panphon S, Utispan K, Koontongkaew S
    Braz J Microbiol, 2019 Jan;50(1):33-42.
    PMID: 30637641 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0014-5
    Antibacterial activity of cell-free supernatant from Escherichia coli E against selected pathogenic bacteria in food and aquaculture was the highest against Edwardsiella tarda 3, a significant aquaculture pathogen. Biochemical properties of the bacteriocins were studied and bacteriocin was found to be sensitive to proteinase K, demonstrating its proteinaceous nature. In addition, pH and temperature affected bacteriocin activity and stability. The bacteriocins were partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The antibacterial activity was only detected in 20% ammonium sulfate fraction and direct detection of its activity was performed by overlaying on the indicator strains. The inhibition zone associated with the antibacterial activity was detected in the sample overlaid by E. tarda 3 and Staphylococcus aureus DMST8840 with the relative molecular mass of about 27 kDa and 10 kDa, respectively. Bacteriocin showed no cytotoxic effect on NIH-3T3 cell line; however, two virulence genes, aer and sfa, were detected in the genome of E. coli E by PCR. The characteristics of bacteriocins produced by E. coli E exhibited the antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and the safe use determined by cytotoxicity test which may have interesting biotechnological applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects; Gram-Positive Bacteria/growth & development
  4. Bacterial dynamics associated with algal antibacterial substances during post harvest desiccation process of Sargassum stolonifolium Phang et Yoshida
    Vairappan CS
    Indian J Exp Biol, 2003 Aug;41(8):837-45.
    PMID: 15248481
    Brown algae of genus Sargassum are known to produce relatively higher amount of alginic acid. Optimal extraction of this algalcolloid for local consumption requires in-depth studies on post-harvest treatment of the algal fronds. Present investigation endeavors to establish the dynamics and inter-relationship of moisture content and bacteria found on the surface of the alga and alginic acid content during post-harvest desiccation of Sargassum stolonifolium Phang et Yoshida. Harvested fronds were subjected to desiccation for 31 days and bacterial dynamics were monitored with relation to moisture content and water activity index (a(w)). There was 85% decrease in moisture content, however, a(w) showed a more gradual decrease. Total bacterial count increased during the first week and attained maximal value on day 7. Thereafter, a drastic decrease was seen until day 14, followed by a gradual decline. Six species of bacteria were isolated and identified, i.e. Azomonas punctata, Azomonas sp., Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp., Proteus vulgaris and Vibrio alginolyticus. Calculated ratios for increase in alginic acid content and decrease in moisture content were almost the same throughout the desiccation process, implying that extracellular alginase-producing bacteria did not use the alginic acid produced by the algae as its carbon source. It became apparent that drastic decrease in bacterial count after day 7 could not be attributed to salinity, moisture content, a(w) or lack of carbon source for the bacteria. The possible exposure of these bacteria to algal cell sap which is formed due to the rupture of algal cells was seen as the most likely reason for the drop in bacterial population. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrograph taken on day 10 of desiccation showed the presence of cracks and localities where bacteria were exposed to algal cell sap. In vitro antibacterial tests were carried out to verify the effect of algal extracts. Separation and purification of crude algal extracts via bioassay guided separation methodology revealed the identity of active compounds (i.e. gylcolipids and free fatty acids) involved in this inherently available antibacterial defense mechanism during algal desiccation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects; Gram-Positive Bacteria/growth & development
  5. Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus agalactiae PR06
    Mz IS, Teh LK, Salleh MZ
    Genome Announc, 2013;1(3).
    PMID: 23766409 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00351-13
    Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]) is a Gram-positive bacterium that was first recognized as a causative agent of bovine mastitis. S. agalactiae has subsequently emerged as a significant cause of human diseases. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of S. agalactiae PR06, which was isolated from a septicemic patient in a local hospital in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria
  6. Taxonomic study of Weissella confusa and description of Weissella cibaria sp. nov., detected in food and clinical samples
    Björkroth KJ, Schillinger U, Geisen R, Weiss N, Hoste B, Holzapfel WH, et al.
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2002 Jan;52(Pt 1):141-148.
    PMID: 11837296 DOI: 10.1099/00207713-52-1-141
    A taxonomic study was conducted to clarify the relationships of two bacterial populations belonging to the genus Weissella. A total of 39 strains originating mainly from Malaysian foods (22 strains) and clinical samples from humans (9 strains) and animals (6 strains) were analysed using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The methods included classical phenotyping, whole-cell protein electrophoresis, 16S and 23S rDNA RFLP (ribotyping), determination of 16S rDNA sequence homologies and DNA-DNA reassociation levels. Based on the results, the strains were considered to represent two different species, Weissella confusa and a novel Weissella species, for which the name Weissella cibaria sp. nov. is proposed. Weisella confusa possessed the highest 16S rDNA sequence similarity to Weisella cibaria, but the DNA-DNA reassociation experiment showed hybridization levels below 49% between the strains studied. The numerical analyses of Weisella confusa and Weisella cibaria strains did not reveal any specific clustering with respect to the origin of the strains. Based on whole-cell protein electrophoresis, and ClaI and HindIII ribotyping patterns, food and clinical isolates were randomly located in the two species-specific clusters obtained.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification*; Gram-Positive Bacteria/genetics; Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology*
  7. Size selectivity in antibiofilm activity of 3-(diphenylphosphino)propanoic acid coated gold nanomaterials against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans
    Ahmed D, Anwar A, Khan AK, Ahmed A, Shah MR, Khan NA
    AMB Express, 2017 Nov 21;7(1):210.
    PMID: 29164404 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0515-x
    Biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria is one of the major threats in hospital related infections, hence inhibiting and eradicating biofilms has become a primary target for developing new anti-infection approaches. The present study was aimed to develop novel antibiofilm agents against two Gram-positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300) and Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) using gold nanomaterials conjugated with 3-(diphenylphosphino)propionic acid (Au-LPa). Gold nanomaterials with different sizes as 2-3 nm small and 9-90 nm (50 nm average size) large were stabilized by LPa via different chemical synthetic strategies. The nanomaterials were fully characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscope, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy, and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. Antibiofilm activity of Au-LPa nanomaterials was tested using LPa alone, Au-LPa and unprotected gold nanomaterials against the both biofilm-producing bacteria. The results showed that LPa alone did not inhibit biofilm formation to a significant extent below 0.025 mM, while conjugation with gold nanomaterials displayed manifold enhanced antibiofilm potential against both strains. Moreover, it was also observed that the antibiofilm potency of the Au-LPa nanomaterials varies with size variations of nanomaterials. AFM analysis of biofilms further complemented the assay results and provided morphological aspects of the antibiofilm action of Au-LPa nanomaterials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria
  8. Fulltext Clinical and bacteriological profile of diabetic foot infections in a tertiary care
    Goh TC, Bajuri MY, C Nadarajah S, Abdul Rashid AH, Baharuddin S, Zamri KS
    J Foot Ankle Res, 2020 Jun 16;13(1):36.
    PMID: 32546270 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-020-00406-y
    BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot infection is a worldwide health problem is commonly encountered in daily practice. This study was conducted to identify the microbiological profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of causative agents identified from diabetic foot infections (DFIs). In addition, the assessment included probable risk factors contributing to infection of ulcers that harbour multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and their outcomes.

    METHODS: We carried out a prospective analysis based on the DFI samples collected from 2016 till 2018. Specimens were cultured with optimal techniques in addition to antibiotic susceptibility based on recommendations from The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). A total of 1040 pathogens were isolated with an average of 1.9 pathogens per lesion in 550 patients who were identified with having DFIs during this interval.

    RESULTS: A higher percentage of Gram-negative pathogens (54%) were identified as compared with Gram-positive pathogens (33%) or anaerobes (12%). A total of 85% of the patients were found to have polymicrobial infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19%), Staphylococcus aureus (11%) and Bacteroides species (8%) appeared to be the predominant organisms isolated. In the management of Gram-positive bacteria, the most efficacious treatment was seen with the use of Vancomycin, while Imipenem and Amikacin proved to be effective in the treatment of Gram-negative bacteria.

    CONCLUSION: DFI's are common among Malaysians with diabetes, with a majority of cases displaying polymicrobial aetiology with multi-drug resistant isolates. The data obtained from this study will be valuable in aiding future empirical treatment guidelines in the treatment of DFIs. This study investigated the microbiology of DFIs and their resistance to antibiotics in patients with DFIs that were managed at a Tertiary Care Centre in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification*; Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects; Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification
  9. Fulltext An efficient approach for the synthesis of novel methyl sulfones in acetic acid medium and evaluation of antimicrobial activity
    Ravi Kumar G, Dasireddy CR, Varala R, Kotra V, Bollikolla HB
    Turk J Chem, 2020;44(5):1386-1394.
    PMID: 33488238 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2003-10
    A series of nine methyl sulphones ( 3a -3 i ) starting from the aldehydes ( 1a-1i ) were synthesized in two consecutive steps. In the first step, preparation of allyl alcohols ( 2a-2i ) from their corresponding aldehydes by the reaction of sodium borohydride in methanol at room temperature is reported. Finally, methyl sulphones are synthesized by condensing sodium methyl sulfinates with allyl alcohols in the presence of BF 3 .Et 2 O in acetic acid medium at room temperature for about 2-3 h. The reaction conditions are simple, yields are high (85%-95%), and the products were obtained with good purity. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their 1 H, 13 C NMR, and mass spectral analysis. All the title compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity. Among the compounds tested, the compound 3f has inhibited both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria effectively and compound 3i has shown potent antifungal activity. These promising components may help to develop more potent drugs in the near future for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria
  10. Fulltext Antimicrobial Effect of Malaysian Honey on Some Human Pathogens: an in vitro Study
    Hassanain, A.T., Alyaa, A.K., Karim, A.J.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2010;9(2):15-18.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Honey has potent bactericidal activity against many pathogenic organisms, including various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial effect of Malaysian honey against different species of human pathogens using optimized honey broth media. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial activity of honey against standard strains of Gram-negative and Grampositive bacteria and yeast was tested in vitro by the broth dilution method using 10%-100% w/v concentrations prepared in tryptic soy broth. Results: Streptococcus pyogenes was the most sensitive pathogen, it was completely inhibited by 30% honey broth medium. The most resistant were E. faecalis, S. aureus and MRSA, but they were all completely inhibited by 80% honey broth medium. Conclusion: Honey is shown to possess antimicrobial activity against human Gram-positive and negative medically important bacteria.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria
  11. Synthesis and characterization of gentamicin loaded ZSM-5 scaffold: Cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity
    Nazemi N, Rajabi N, Aslani Z, Kharaziha M, Kasiri-Asgarani M, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, et al.
    J Biomater Appl, 2023 Jan;37(6):979-991.
    PMID: 36454961 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221140672
    Porous structure, biocompatibility and biodegradability, large surface area, and drug-loading ability are some remarkable properties of zeolite structure, making it a great possible option for bone tissue engineering. Herein, we evaluated the potential application of the ZSM-5 scaffold encapsulated GEN with high porosity structure and significant antibacterial properties. The space holder process has been employed as a new fabrication method with interconnected pores and suitable mechanical properties. In this study, for the first time, ZSM-5 scaffolds with GEN drug-loading were fabricated with the space holder method. The results showed excellent open porosity in the range of 70-78% for different GEN concentrations and appropriate mechanical properties. Apatite formation on the scaffold surface was determined with Simulation body fluid (SBF), and a new bone-like apatite layer shaping on all samples confirmed the in vitro bioactivity of ZSM-5-GEN scaffolds. Also, antibacterial properties were investigated against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The incorporation of various amounts of GEN increased the inhibition zone from 24 to 28 (for E. coli) and 26 to 37 (for S. aureus). In the culture with MG63 cells, great cell viability and high cell proliferation after 7 days of culture were determined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria
  12. Fulltext An intriguing approach toward antibacterial activity of green synthesized Rutin-templated mesoporous silica nanoparticles decorated with nanosilver
    Abbasi M, Gholizadeh R, Kasaee SR, Vaez A, Chelliapan S, Fadhil Al-Qaim F, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2023 Apr 12;13(1):5987.
    PMID: 37046068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33095-1
    In recent years, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been applied in various biomedicine fields like bioimaging, drug delivery, and antibacterial alternatives. MSNs could be manufactured through green synthetic methods as environmentally friendly and sustainable synthesis approaches, to improve physiochemical characteristics for biomedical applications. In the present research, we used Rutin (Ru) extract, a biocompatible flavonoid, as the reducing agent and nonsurfactant template for the green synthesis of Ag-decorated MSNs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta-potential, x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), brunauer-emmett-teller (BET) analysis, and energy-dispersive system (EDS) spectroscopy were used to evaluate the Ag-decorated MSNs physical characteristics. The antimicrobial properties were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and also different types of candida. The cytotoxicity test was performed by using the MTT assay. Based on the findings, the significant antimicrobial efficacy of Ru-Ag-decorated MSNs against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria and different types of fungi was detected as well as acceptable safety and low cytotoxicity even at lower concentrations. Our results have given a straightforward and cost-effective method for fabricating biodegradable Ag-decorated MSNs. The applications of these MSNs in the domains of biomedicine appear to be promising.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria
  13. Fulltext Management and Mitigation of Vibriosis in Aquaculture: Nanoparticles as Promising Alternatives
    Kah Sem NAD, Abd Gani S, Chong CM, Natrah I, Shamsi S
    Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Aug 08;24(16).
    PMID: 37628723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612542
    Vibriosis is one of the most common diseases in marine aquaculture, caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio, that has been affecting many species of economically significant aquatic organisms around the world. The prevention of vibriosis in aquaculture is difficult, and the various treatments for vibriosis have their limitations. Therefore, there is an imperative need to find new alternatives. This review is based on the studies on vibriosis, specifically on the various treatments and their limitations, as well as the application of nanoparticles in aquaculture. One of the promising nanoparticles is graphene oxide (GO), which has been used in various applications, particularly in biological applications such as biosensors, drug delivery, and potential treatment for infectious diseases. GO has been shown to have anti-bacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but no research has been published that emphasizes its impact on Vibrio spp. The review aims to explore the potential use of GO for treatment against vibriosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria
  14. Multifunctional and theranostic hydrogels for wound healing acceleration: An emphasis on diabetic-related chronic wounds
    Tehrany PM, Rahmanian P, Rezaee A, Ranjbarpazuki G, Sohrabi Fard F, Asadollah Salmanpour Y, et al.
    Environ Res, 2023 Dec 01;238(Pt 1):117087.
    PMID: 37716390 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117087
    Hydrogels represent intricate three-dimensional polymeric structures, renowned for their compatibility with living systems and their ability to naturally degrade. These networks stand as promising and viable foundations for a range of biomedical uses. The practical feasibility of employing hydrogels in clinical trials has been well-demonstrated. Among the prevalent biomedical uses of hydrogels, a significant application arises in the context of wound healing. This intricate progression involves distinct phases of inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, often triggered by trauma, skin injuries, and various diseases. Metabolic conditions like diabetes have the potential to give rise to persistent wounds, leading to delayed healing processes. This current review consolidates a collection of experiments focused on the utilization of hydrogels to expedite the recovery of wounds. Hydrogels have the capacity to improve the inflammatory conditions at the wound site, and they achieve this by diminishing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby exhibiting antioxidant effects. Hydrogels have the potential to enhance the growth of fibroblasts and keratinocytes at the wound site. They also possess the capability to inhibit both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, effectively managing wounds infected by drug-resistant bacteria. Hydrogels can trigger angiogenesis and neovascularization processes, while also promoting the M2 polarization of macrophages, which in turn mitigates inflammation at the wound site. Intelligent and versatile hydrogels, encompassing features such as pH sensitivity, reactivity to reactive oxygen species (ROS), and responsiveness to light and temperature, have proven advantageous in expediting wound healing. Furthermore, hydrogels synthesized using environmentally friendly methods, characterized by high levels of biocompatibility and biodegradability, hold the potential for enhancing the wound healing process. Hydrogels can facilitate the controlled discharge of bioactive substances. More recently, there has been progress in the creation of conductive hydrogels, which, when subjected to electrical stimulation, contribute to the enhancement of wound healing. Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, leads to a slowdown in the wound healing process, often resulting in the formation of persistent wounds. Hydrogels have the capability to expedite the healing of diabetic wounds, facilitating the transition from the inflammatory phase to the proliferative stage. The current review sheds light on the biological functionalities of hydrogels, encompassing their role in modulating diverse mechanisms and cell types, including inflammation, oxidative stress, macrophages, and bacteriology. Additionally, this review emphasizes the significance of smart hydrogels with responsiveness to external stimuli, as well as conductive hydrogels for promoting wound healing. Lastly, the discussion delves into the advancement of environmentally friendly hydrogels with high biocompatibility, aimed at accelerating the wound healing process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria
  15. Fulltext Antibacterial Activity of Myristica fragrans against Oral Pathogens
    Shafiei Z, Shuhairi NN, Md Fazly Shah Yap N, Harry Sibungkil CA, Latip J
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:825362.
    PMID: 23049613 DOI: 10.1155/2012/825362
    Myristica fragrans Houtt is mostly cultivated for spices in Penang Island, Malaysia. The ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of flesh, mace and seed of Myristica fragrans was evaluated the bactericidal potential against three Gram-positive cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus mitis ATCC 6249, and Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 13419) and three Gram-negative periodontopathic bacteria (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 29522, Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, and Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586). Antibacterial activities of the extracts was determined by twofold serial microdilution, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 1.25 to 640 mg/mL and 0.075 to 40 mg/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was obtained by subculturing method. Among all extracts tested, ethyl acetate extract of flesh has the highest significant inhibitory effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria with mean MIC value ranging from 0.625 to 1.25 ± 0.00 (SD) mg/mL; P = 0.017) and highest bactericidal effects at mean MBC value ranging from 0.625 mg/mL to 20 ± 0.00 (SD) mg/mL. While for seed and mace of Myristica fragrans, their ethanol extracts exhibited good antibacterial activity against both groups of test pathogens compared to its ethyl acetate extracts. All of the extracts of Myristica fragrans did not show any antibacterial activities against Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586. Thus, our study showed the potential effect of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from flesh, seed and mace of Myristica fragrans to be new natural agent that can be incorporated in oral care products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria
  16. Effects of Methanol Extract of Wedelia chinensis Osbeck (Asteraceae) Leaves against Pathogenic Bacteria with Emphasise on Bacillus cereus
    Darah I, Lim SH, Nithianantham K
    Indian J Pharm Sci, 2013 Sep;75(5):533-9.
    PMID: 24403653
    The antibacterial activity of the methanol extract of Wedelia chinensis leave was studied and tested against three pathogenic Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis and Stapylococcus aureus) and three pathogenic Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus rettgeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by the disk diffusion assay and broth dilution methods. The extract exhibited favourable antibacterial activity against the bacterial cells but was more potent against Gram positive bacteria with the minimum inhibition concentration of 3.12 to 6.25 mg/ml compared to the Gram negative bacteria which had minimum inhibition concentration values of 25 mg/ml. The time-kill study suggested that the extract possessed bactericidal properties at higher concentrations and eradicated the growth of bacterial cells. The major abnormalities occurred to the bacterial cells after exposed to the extract were complete alterations in their morphology and collapsed of the cells beyond repair. The methanol extract of W. chinensis may be an effective antibacterial agent to treat bacterial infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria
  17. Fulltext Evaluation of anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant potential of andrographolide and echiodinin isolated from callus culture of Andrographis paniculata Nees
    Arifullah M, Namsa ND, Mandal M, Chiruvella KK, Vikrama P, Gopal GR
    Asian Pac J Trop Biomed, 2013 Aug;3(8):604-10; discussion 609-10.
    PMID: 23905016 DOI: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60123-9
    To evaluate the anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activity of andrographolide (AND) and echiodinin (ECH) of Andrographis paniculata.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects
  18. Biological properties of sodium alkyl methyl ester sulfonate/alkyltrimethylammonium bromide surfactant mixtures
    Wong SP, Lim WH, Cheng SF, Chuah CH
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2012 Jan 1;89:48-52.
    PMID: 21937202 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2011.08.021
    Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are commonly used as disinfectant in medical care, food industry, detergents and glue industries. This is due to a small concentration of QACs is sufficient to inhibit the growth of various bacteria strains. In this work, the inhibitive power of cationic surfactants, alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (C(n)TAB) in the presence of anionic surfactants, sodium alkyl methyl ester α-sulfonate (C(n)MES) was studied. The growth inhibition test with gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria were used to determine the toxicity of single and mixed surfactants. Results from this work showed that certain mixed surfactants have lower minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) as compared to the single C(n)TAB surfactants. Besides that, it was also found that alkyl chain length and the mixing ratios of the surfactants play a significant role in determining the mixture inhibitive power.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects
  19. Review: dalbavancin--a novel lipoglycopeptide antimicrobial for gram positive pathogens
    Das B, Sarkar C, Biswas R, Pandey S
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2008 Jan;21(1):78-87.
    PMID: 18166524
    Glycopeptide antibiotics represent an important class of microbial compounds produced by several genera of actinomycetes. The emergence of resistance to glycopeptides among enterococci and staphylococci has prompted the search for second-generation drugs of this class and semi-synthetic derivatives are currently under clinical trials. Antimicrobial resistance among gram-positive organisms has been increasing steadily during the past several decades. Dalbavancin, a novel lipoglycopeptide, has a mechanism of action similar to that of other glycopeptides. It has in vitro activity against a variety of Gram-positive organisms specially multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, but no activity against Gram-negative or vancomycin-resistant enterococci that possess vanA gene. Due to its prolonged half-life (6-10 days), dalbavancin can be administered intravenously once weekly. In Phase II and III clinical trials, dalbavancin was effective and well-tolerated for the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections, catheter-related bloodstream infections, and skin and skin-structure infections. To date, adverse events have been mild and limited; the most common being pyrexia, headache, diarrhea. Dalbavancin appears to be a promising antimicrobial agent for the treatment of Gram-positive infections. Additional clinical data are required to fully assess its use. Despite the remarkable and favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, the use of this potent agent should be restricted to severe infections due to multidrug resistant organisms to limit the risk of selection of resistance. It is active against Gram-positive aerobes and anerobes, including resistant pathogens, with the exception of strains producing vanA-mediated resistance. Its approval by the FDA is expected soon. The extent to which dalbavancin will supplant vancomycin and whether it will be preferred over other newer agents such as linezolid in the next decade remains to be seen.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/drug therapy*
  20. Fulltext Culture-proven bacterial keratitis in a Malaysian general hospital
    Hooi SH, Hooi ST
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Dec;60(5):614-23.
    PMID: 16515113
    One hundred patients (101 eyes) with culture-proven bacterial keratitis were treated in the Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru, over a 4-year period. The majority of patients was male (63%), Malay (60%), from the Johor Bahru district (62%) and aged between 41 to 50 years (20%). The ocular predisposing factors were ocular trauma (41 eyes), ocular surface disease (28 eyes) and contact lens wear (26 eyes). The corneal ulcers were mainly large (50.5%), central (59.4%) and colonized by Gram-negative bacteria (78.1%). The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (67 eyes), Staphylococcus aureus (12 eyes), Acinetobacter baumanii (6 eyes), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5 eyes), Corynebacterium sp. (3 eyes:) and Streptococcus pneumonliae (3 eyes). Twelve eyes (11.8%) had polymicrobial infection. A good visual outcome occurred in 52.5% of eyes analysed. Prognostic factors for visual outcome include presenting Snellen visual acuity, time to presentation after onset of ocular symptoms, ocular predisposing factor, corneal ulcer location and corneal ulcer size.
    Matched MeSH terms: Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification*
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