Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 171 in total

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  1. Pharmacometabolomics analysis of plasma to phenotype clopidogrel high on treatment platelets reactivity in coronary artery disease patients
    Amin AM, Sheau Chin L, Teh CH, Mostafa H, Mohamed Noor DA, Abdul Kader MASK, et al.
    Eur J Pharm Sci, 2018 May 30;117:351-361.
    PMID: 29526765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.03.011
    Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) of clopidogrel and aspirin is crucial for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, some patients may endure clopidogrel high on treatment platelets reactivity (HTPR) which may cause thromboembolic events. Clopidogrel HTPR is multifactorial with some genetic and non-genetic factors contributing to it. We aimed to use nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) pharmacometabolomics analysis of plasma to investigate this multifactorial and identify metabolic phenotypes and pathways associated with clopidogrel HTPR. Blood samples were collected from 71 CAD patients planned for interventional angiographic procedure (IAP) before the administration of clopidogrel 600 mg loading dose (LD) and 6 h after the LD. Platelets function testing was done 6 h post-LD using VerifyNow® P2Y12 assay. Pre-dose and post-dose plasma samples were analysed using 1H NMR. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to indicate the discriminating metabolites. Two metabotypes, each with 34 metabolites (pre-dose and post-dose) were associated with clopidogrel HTPR. Pathway analysis of these metabotypes revealed that aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and glycine-serine-threonine metabolism are the most perturbed metabolic pathways associated with clopidogrel HTPR. Furthermore, the identified biomarkers indicated that clopidogrel HTPR is multifactorial where the metabolic phenotypes of insulin resistance, type two diabetes mellitus, obesity, gut-microbiota and heart failure are associated with it. Pharmacometabolomics analysis of plasma revealed new insights on the implicated metabolic pathways and the predisposing factors of clopidogrel HTPR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics/methods*
  2. Fulltext Metabolomics data of Mitragyna speciosa leaf using LC-ESI-TOF-MS
    Veeramohan R, Azizan KA, Aizat WM, Goh HH, Mansor SM, Yusof NSM, et al.
    Data Brief, 2018 Jun;18:1212-1216.
    PMID: 29900296 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.04.001
    Mitragyna speciosa is a psychoactive plant known as "ketum" in Malaysia and "kratom" in Thailand. This plant is distinctly known to produce two important alkaloids, namely mitragynine (MG) and 7-hydroxymitragynine (7-OH-MG) that can bind to opioid receptors [1]. MG was reported to exhibit antidepressant properties in animal studies [2]. These compounds were also proposed to have the potential to replace opioid analgesics with much lower risks of side effects [3]. To date, there are only over 40 metabolites identified in M. speciosa [4,5]. To obtain a more complete profile of secondary metabolites in ketum, we performed metabolomics study using mature leaves of the green M. speciosa variety. The leaf samples were extracted using methanol prior to liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-TOF-MS) analysis. This data can be useful to for the identification of unknown metabolites that are associated with alkaloid biosynthesis pathway in M. speciosa.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics
  3. Fulltext Metabolites Re-programming and Physiological Changes Induced in Scenedesmus regularis under Nitrate Treatment
    Ma NL, Aziz A, Teh KY, Lam SS, Cha TS
    Sci Rep, 2018 06 27;8(1):9746.
    PMID: 29950688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27894-0
    Nitrate is required to maintain the growth and metabolism of plant and animals. Nevertheless, in excess amount such as polluted water, its concentration can be harmful to living organisms such as microalgae. Recently, studies on microalgae response towards nutrient fluctuation are usually limited to lipid accumulation for the production of biofuels, disregarding the other potential of microalgae to be used in wastewater treatments and as source of important metabolites. Our study therefore captures the need to investigate overall metabolite changes via NMR spectroscopy approach coupled with multivariate data to understand the complex molecular process under high (4X) and low (1/4X) concentrations of nitrate ([Formula: see text]). NMR spectra with the aid of chemometric analysis revealed contrasting metabolites makeup under abundance and limited nitrate treatment. By using NMR technique, 43 types of metabolites and 8 types of fatty acid chains were detected. Nevertheless, only 20 key changes were observed and 16 were down regulated in limited nitrate condition. This paper has demonstrated the feasibility of NMR-based metabolomics approach to study the physiological impact of changing environment such as pollution to the implications for growth and productivity of microalgae population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics
  4. 1H NMR and antioxidant profiles of polar and non-polar extracts of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) - Metabolomics study based on cultivars and origins
    Maulidiani M, Mediani A, Abas F, Park YS, Park YK, Kim YM, et al.
    Talanta, 2018 Jul 01;184:277-286.
    PMID: 29674043 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.084
    Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) is one of the most important fruits that has been consumed for its medicinal properties due to the presence of some active metabolites, particularly polyphenols and carotenoids. Previously described methods, including HPLC, were limited in the determination of metabolites in different persimmon varieties. The present study shows the evaluation and the differences among persimmon polar and non-polar extracts by 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach. The hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) based on score values of principal component analysis (PCA) model was used to analyze the important compounds in investigated fruits. The 1H NMR spectrum of persimmon chloroform (CDCl3) extracts showed different types of compounds as compared to polar methanol-water (CD3OD-D2O) ones. Persimmons growing in Israel were clustered different from those growing in Korea with the abundance of phenolic compounds (gallic, caffeic and protocathecuic acids), carotenoids (β-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin), amino acids (alanine), maltose, uridine, and fatty acids (myristic and palmitoleic acids). Glucose, choline and formic acid were more prominent in persimmon growing in Korea. In CD3OD-D2O and CDCl3 persimmon extracts, 43 metabolites were identified. The metabolic differences were shown as well on the results of bioactivities and antioxidant capacities determined by ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC and DPPH assays. The presented methods can be widely used for quantitation of multiple compounds in many plant and biological samples especially in vegetables and fruits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics*
  5. Fulltext Hematological, Biochemical, Histopathological and ¹H-NMR Metabolomics Application in Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Clinacanthus nutans Water Leaf Extract
    Khoo LW, Foong Kow AS, Maulidiani M, Lee MT, Tan CP, Shaari K, et al.
    Molecules, 2018 Aug 29;23(9).
    PMID: 30158427 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092172
    The present study aims for the first time to provide the in vivo acute toxicological profile of the highest dose of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau water leaf extract according to the Organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) 423 guidelines through conventional toxicity and advanced proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) serum and urinary metabolomics evaluation methods. A single dose of 5000 mg/kg bw of C. nutans water extract was administered to Sprague Dawley rats, and they were observed for 14 days. Conventional toxicity evaluation methods (physical observation, body and organ weight, food and water consumption, hematology, biochemical testing and histopathological analysis) suggested no abnormal toxicity signs. Serum ¹H-NMR metabolome revealed no significant metabolic difference between untreated and treated groups. Urinary ¹H-NMR analysis, on the other hand, revealed alteration in carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism in extract-treated rats after 2 h of extract administration, but the metabolic expression collected after 24 h and at Day 5, Day 10 and Day 15 indicated that the extract-treated rats did not accumulate any toxicity biomarkers. Importantly, the outcomes further suggest that single oral administration of up to 5000 mg/kg bw of C. nutans water leaf extract is safe for consumption.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics/methods*
  6. Fulltext Metabolomics Profiling on Different Stages of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review
    Yusof HM, Ab-Rahim S, Suddin LS, Saman MSA, Mazlan M
    Malays J Med Sci, 2018 Sep;25(5):16-34.
    PMID: 30914860 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/mjms2018.25.5.3
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early diagnosis and accurate staging of the disease is vital to improve the prognosis. Metabolomics has been used to identify changes in metabolite profiles in the different stages of cancer in order to introduce new non-invasive molecular tools for staging. In this systematic review, we aim to identify the common metabolite changes in human biological samples and the dominant metabolic pathways associated with CRC progression. A broad systematic search was carried out from selected databases. Four reviewers screened and reviewed the titles, abstracts, and full-text articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality assessment was conducted on the eight articles which met the criteria. Data showed that the metabolites involved with redox status, energy metabolism and intermediates of amino acids, choline and nucleotides metabolism were the most affected during CRC progression. However, there were differences in the levels of individual metabolites detected between the studies, and this might be due to the study population, sample preparation, analytical platforms used and statistical tools. In conclusion, this systematic review highlights the changes in metabolites from early to late stages of CRC. Moreover, biomarkers for prognosis are important to reduce CRC-related mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics
  7. Plasma and urine metabolite profiling reveals the protective effect of Clinacanthus nutans in an ovalbumin-induced anaphylaxis model: 1H-NMR metabolomics approach
    Khoo LW, Audrey Kow SF, Maulidiani M, Lee MT, Tan CP, Shaari K, et al.
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2018 Sep 05;158:438-450.
    PMID: 29957507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.038
    The present study sought to identify the key biomarkers and pathways involved in the induction of allergic sensitization to ovalbumin and to elucidate the potential anti-anaphylaxis property of Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau water leaf extract, a Southeast Asia herb in an in vivo ovalbumin-induced active systemic anaphylaxis model evaluated by 1H-NMR metabolomics. The results revealed that carbohydrate metabolism (glucose, myo-inositol, galactarate) and lipid metabolism (glycerol, choline, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) are the key requisites for the induction of anaphylaxis reaction. Sensitized rats treated with 2000 mg/kg bw C. nutans extract before ovalbumin challenge showed a positive correlation with the normal group and was negatively related to the induced group. Further 1H-NMR analysis in complement with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) reveals the protective effect of C. nutans extract against ovalbumin-induced anaphylaxis through the down-regulation of lipid metabolism (choline, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), carbohydrate and signal transduction system (glucose, myo-inositol, galactarate) and up-regulation of citrate cycle intermediates (citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, succinate), propanoate metabolism (1,2-propanediol), amino acid metabolism (betaine, N,N-dimethylglycine, methylguanidine, valine) and nucleotide metabolism (malonate, allantoin). In summary, this study reports for the first time, C. nutans water extract is a potential anti-anaphylactic agent and 1H-NMR metabolomics is a great alternative analytical tool to explicate the mechanism of action of anaphylaxis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics/instrumentation; Metabolomics/methods
  8. Fulltext Characterization of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Clinacanthus nutans Lindau Leaves by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics and Molecular Docking Simulation
    Murugesu S, Ibrahim Z, Ahmed QU, Nik Yusoff NI, Uzir BF, Perumal V, et al.
    Molecules, 2018 Sep 19;23(9).
    PMID: 30235889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092402
    BACKGROUND: Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) is an Acanthaceae herbal shrub traditionally consumed to treat various diseases including diabetes in Malaysia. This study was designed to evaluate the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of C. nutans leaves extracts, and to identify the metabolites responsible for the bioactivity.

    METHODS: Crude extract obtained from the dried leaves using 80% methanolic solution was further partitioned using different polarity solvents. The resultant extracts were investigated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory potential followed by metabolites profiling using the gas chromatography tandem with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

    RESULTS: Multivariate data analysis was developed by correlating the bioactivity, and GC-MS data generated a suitable partial least square (PLS) model resulting in 11 bioactive compounds, namely, palmitic acid, phytol, hexadecanoic acid (methyl ester), 1-monopalmitin, stigmast-5-ene, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, 1-linolenoylglycerol, glycerol monostearate, alpha-tocospiro B, and stigmasterol. In-silico study via molecular docking was carried out using the crystal structure Saccharomyces cerevisiae isomaltase (PDB code: 3A4A). Interactions between the inhibitors and the protein were predicted involving residues, namely LYS156, THR310, PRO312, LEU313, GLU411, and ASN415 with hydrogen bond, while PHE314 and ARG315 with hydrophobic bonding.

    CONCLUSION: The study provides informative data on the potential α-glucosidase inhibitors identified in C. nutans leaves, indicating the plant's therapeutic effect to manage hyperglycemia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics
  9. Fulltext Proteome profiling in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, and striatum of aging rat
    Hamezah HS, Durani LW, Yanagisawa D, Ibrahim NF, Aizat WM, Bellier JP, et al.
    Exp Gerontol, 2018 Oct 01;111:53-64.
    PMID: 29981398 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.002
    Decrease in multiple functions occurs in the brain with aging, all of which can contribute to age-related cognitive and locomotor impairments. Brain atrophy specifically in hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and striatum, can contribute to this age-associated decline in function. Our recent metabolomics analysis showed age-related changes in these brain regions. To further understand the aging processes, analysis using a proteomics approach was carried out. This study was conducted to identify proteome profiles in the hippocampus, mPFC, and striatum of 14-, 18-, 23-, and 27-month-old rats. Proteomics analysis using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive HF Orbitrap mass spectrometry identified 1074 proteins in the hippocampus, 871 proteins in the mPFC, and 241 proteins in the striatum. Of these proteins, 97 in the hippocampus, 25 in mPFC, and 5 in striatum were differentially expressed with age. The altered proteins were classified into three ontologies (cellular component, molecular function, and biological process) containing 44, 38, and 35 functional groups in the hippocampus, mPFC, and striatum, respectively. Most of these altered proteins participate in oxidative phosphorylation (e.g. cytochrome c oxidase and ATP synthase), glutathione metabolism (e.g. peroxiredoxins), or calcium signaling pathway (e.g. protein S100B and calmodulin). The most prominent changes were observed in the oldest animals. These results suggest that alterations in oxidative phosphorylation, glutathione metabolism, and calcium signaling pathway are involved in cognitive and locomotor impairments in aging.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics
  10. Natural Variation in Freezing Tolerance and Cold Acclimation Response in Arabidopsis thaliana and Related Species
    Zuther E, Lee YP, Erban A, Kopka J, Hincha DK
    Adv Exp Med Biol, 2018 10 6;1081:81-98.
    PMID: 30288705 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_5
    During low-temperature exposure, temperate plant species increase their freezing tolerance in a process termed cold acclimation. The molecular mechanisms involved in cold acclimation have been mostly investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana. In addition, other Brassicaceae species related to A. thaliana have been employed in recent years to study plant stress responses on a phylogenetically broader basis and in some cases with extremophile species with a much higher stress tolerance. In this paper, we briefly summarize cold acclimation responses in A. thaliana and current knowledge about cold acclimation in A. thaliana relatives with special emphasis on Eutrema salsugineum and two closely related Thellungiella species. We then present a transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of cold acclimation in five A. thaliana and two E. salsugineum accessions that differ widely in their freezing tolerance. Differences in the cold responses of the two species are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics
  11. Effect of virgin avocado oil on diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats via 1 H NMR-based metabolomics approach
    Tan CX, Chong GH, Hamzah H, Ghazali HM
    Phytother Res, 2018 Nov;32(11):2264-2274.
    PMID: 30051518 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6164
    Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for the initiation and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. The present study evaluated the hypocholesterolemic effect of virgin avocado oil (VAO) using urinary metabolomic method. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high-cholesterol diet for four weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia. After confirming the establishment of hypercholesterolemia model, the VAO (450 and 900 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) and simvastatin (10 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) were given orally while maintaining the high-cholesterol diet for another four weeks. Assessment of urinary metabolomics using NMR revealed that VAO treatment could partially recover the metabolism dysfunction induced by hypercholesterolemia mainly via lipid, energy, amino acid, and gut microbiota metabolism.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics
  12. Metabolomics in Systems Biology
    Baharum SN, Azizan KA
    Adv Exp Med Biol, 2018 11 2;1102:51-68.
    PMID: 30382568 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98758-3_4
    Over the last decade, metabolomics has continued to grow rapidly and is considered a dynamic technology in envisaging and elucidating complex phenotypes in systems biology area. The advantage of metabolomics compared to other omics technologies such as transcriptomics and proteomics is that these later omics only consider the intermediate steps in the central dogma pathway (mRNA and protein expression). Meanwhile, metabolomics reveals the downstream products of gene and expression of proteins. The most frequently used tools are nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). Some of the common MS-based analyses are gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). These high-throughput instruments play an extremely crucial role in discovery metabolomics to generate data needed for further analysis. In this chapter, the concept of metabolomics in the context of systems biology is discussed and provides examples of its application in human disease studies, plant responses towards stress and abiotic resistance and also microbial metabolomics for biotechnology applications. Lastly, a few case studies of metabolomics analysis are also presented, for example, investigation of an aromatic herbal plant, Persicaria minor metabolome and microbial metabolomics for metabolic engineering applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics*
  13. Recent Development in Omics Studies
    Aizat WM, Ismail I, Noor NM
    Adv Exp Med Biol, 2018 11 2;1102:1-9.
    PMID: 30382565 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98758-3_1
    The central dogma of molecular biology (DNA, RNA, protein and metabolite) has engraved our understanding of genetics in all living organisms. While the concept has been embraced for many decades, the development of high-throughput technologies particularly omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) has revolutionised the field to incorporate big data analysis including bioinformatics and systems biology as well as synthetic biology area. These omics approaches as well as systems and synthetic biology areas are now increasingly popular as seen by the growing numbers of publication throughout the years. Several journals which have published most of these related fields are also listed in this chapter to overview their impact and target journals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics/trends*
  14. Fulltext LC-MS data for metabolomics analysis of Garcinia mangostana L. seed germination
    Mazlan O, Aizat WM, Aziz Zuddin NS, Baharum SN, Noor NM
    Data Brief, 2018 Dec;21:2221-2223.
    PMID: 30555858 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.11.072
    Metabolic regulation is important during seed germination for the establishment of seedling. The germination strategy of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) seed is thought to be unique due to its recalcitrant characteristic (sensitive to coldness and drying). To investigate the metabolic changes during seed germination, we performed metabolomics analysis on germinating mangosteen seed sown after zero, one, three, five, seven and nine days. Sampled mangosteen seeds were subjected to methanol extraction prior analysis using Liquid Chromatography-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS). MS data were further analyzed using ProfileAnalysis (version 2.1). This is one of the earliest reports in metabolite identification and profiling of mangosteen seed at different germination stages. This data article refers to the article entitled "Metabolite profiling of mangosteen seed germination highlights metabolic changes related to carbon utilization and seed protection" (Mazlan et al., 2019) [1].
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics
  15. Proteomic and metabolomic study of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) fruit during ripening process
    Jamil NAM, Rahmad N, Rosli NHM, Al-Obaidi JR
    Electrophoresis, 2018 12;39(23):2954-2964.
    PMID: 30074628 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800185
    Wax apple is one of the underutilized fruits that is considered a good source of fibers, vitamins, minerals as well as antioxidants. In this study, a comparative analysis of the developments of wax fruit ripening at the proteomic and metabolomic level was reported. 2D electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF was used to compare the proteome profile from three developmental stages named immature, young, and mature fruits. In general, the protein expression profile and the identified proteins function were discussed for their potential roles in fruit physiological development and ripening processes. The metabolomic investigation was also performed on the same samples using quadrupole LC-MS (LC-QTOF/MS). Roles of some of the differentially expressed proteins and metabolites are discussed in relation to wax apple ripening during the development. This is the first study investigating the changes in the proteins and metabolites in wax apple at different developmental stages. The information obtained from this research will be helpful in developing biomarkers for breeders and help the plant researchers to avoid wax apple cultivation problems such as fruit cracking.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics/methods*
  16. Fulltext Mass spectrometry dataset for LC-MS metabolomics analysis of Garcinia mangostana L. seed development
    Mazlan O, Aizat WM, Baharum SN, Azizan KA, Noor NM
    Data Brief, 2018 Dec;21:548-551.
    PMID: 30370325 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.025
    Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) seed is recalcitrant, prone to low temperature and drying which limit its long-term storage. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the metabolic changes throughout its development, to shed some light into the recalcitrant nature of this seed. We performed metabolomics analysis on mangosteen seed at different stages of development; six, eight, ten, twelve and fourteen weeks after anthesis. Seed samples were subjected to methanol extraction prior analysis using liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The MS data acquired were analyzed using ProfileAnalysis (version 2.1). This data article refers to the article entitled "Metabolomics analysis of developing Garcinia mangostana seed reveals modulated levels of sugars, organic acids and phenylpropanoid compounds" (Mazlan et al., 2018) [1].
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics
  17. Optimization of metabolite extraction protocols for untargeted metabolite profiling of mycoparasitic scytalidium parasiticum using lc-tof-ms
    Lim CK, Nurul Fadhilah Marzuki, Goh YK, You KG, Kah JG, Rafidah Ahmad, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:3061-3068.
    Basal stem rot disease of oil palm caused by Ganoderma boninense is one of the most devastating diseases in oil palm
    plantation resulting in low yield, loss of palm stands and shorter replanting cycle. To-date, there is no effective treatment
    for Ganoderma infected palms. Control measures, either chemical or cultural approaches, show varying degrees of
    effectiveness. The application of biological control agents which is environmental-friendly could be an attractive solution
    to overcome the problem. Earlier, we had isolated a mycoparasite, Scytalidium parasiticum, from the basidiomata of
    Ganoderma boninense. In vitro assay and nursery experiment showed that this fungus could suppress Ganoderma infection
    and reduce disease severity. However, metabolites which might contribute to the antagonistic or mycoparasitic effect
    remain unknown. In the current study, optimization of fungal sample processing, extraction, and analytical procedures
    were conducted to obtain metabolites from the maize substrate colonized by mycoparasitic ascomycetous Scytalidium
    parasiticum. This technique capable of producing sexual spores in sac-like organs. Untargeted metabolomics profiling
    was carried out by using Liquid Chromatography Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC-ToF-MS). We found that
    S. parasiticum in both liquid- and solid-state cultivation gave higher metabolite when extracted with 60% methanol with
    1% formic acid in combination with homogenisation methods such as ultrasonication and grinding. The findings from
    this study are useful for optimisation of metabolite extraction from other fungi-Ganoderma-plant interactions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics
  18. Fulltext Metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing of human colorectal cancers and adjacent mucosa
    Loke MF, Chua EG, Gan HM, Thulasi K, Wanyiri JW, Thevambiga I, et al.
    PLoS One, 2018;13(12):e0208584.
    PMID: 30576312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208584
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked the third most common cancer in human worldwide. However, the exact mechanisms of CRC are not well established. Furthermore, there may be differences between mechanisms of CRC in the Asian and in the Western populations. In the present study, we utilized a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic approach supported by the 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing to investigate the functional and taxonomical differences between paired tumor and unaffected (normal) surgical biopsy tissues from 17 Malaysian patients. Metabolomic differences associated with steroid biosynthesis, terpenoid biosynthesis and bile metabolism could be attributed to microbiome differences between normal and tumor sites. The relative abundances of Anaerotruncus, Intestinimonas and Oscillibacter displayed significant relationships with both steroid biosynthesis and terpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathways. Metabolites involved in serotonergic synapse/ tryptophan metabolism (Serotonin and 5-Hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid [5-HIAA]) were only detected in normal tissue samples. On the other hand, S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH), a metabolite involves in methionine metabolism and methylation, was frequently increased in tumor relative to normal tissues. In conclusion, this study suggests that local microbiome dysbiosis may contribute to functional changes at the cancer sites. Results from the current study also contributed to the list of metabolites that are found to differ between normal and tumor sites in CRC and supported our quest for understanding the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics*
  19. Fulltext Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction of Palm Oil Improves Behavioral Impairments and Regulates Metabolic Pathways in AβPP/PS1 Mice
    Durani LW, Hamezah HS, Ibrahim NF, Yanagisawa D, Nasaruddin ML, Mori M, et al.
    J Alzheimers Dis, 2018;64(1):249-267.
    PMID: 29889072 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-170880
    We have recently shown that the tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) of palm oil, a mixture of vitamin E analogs, improves amyloid pathology in vitro and in vivo. However, precise mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of long-term (10 months) TRF treatment on behavioral impairments and brain metabolites in (15 months old) AβPP/PS1 double transgenic (Tg) Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. The open field test, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition tasks revealed improved exploratory activity, spatial learning, and recognition memory, respectively, in TRF-treated Tg mice. Brain metabolite profiling of wild-type and Tg mice treated with and without TRF was performed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM)-orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Metabolic pathway analysis found perturbed metabolic pathways that linked to AD. TRF treatment partly ameliorated metabolic perturbations in Tg mouse hippocampus. The mechanism of this pre-emptive activity may occur via modulation of metabolic pathways dependent on Aβ interaction or independent of Aβ interaction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics/methods
  20. Analysis of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids, Carotenoids, Phytosterols, and NMR-Based Metabolomics for Catharanthus roseus Cell Suspension Cultures
    Saiman MZ, Mustafa NR, Verpoorte R
    Methods Mol Biol, 2018;1815:437-455.
    PMID: 29981141 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8594-4_31
    The plant Catharanthus roseus is a rich source of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIA). Some of the TIA are important as antihypertensive (ajmalicine) and anticancer (vinblastine and vincristine) drugs. However, production of the latter is very low in the plant. Therefore, in vitro plant cell cultures have been considered as a potential supply of these chemicals or their precursors. Some monomeric alkaloids can be produced by plant cell cultures, but not on a level feasible for commercialization, despite extensive studies on this plant that deepened the understanding of the TIA biosynthesis and its regulation. In order to analyze the metabolites in C. roseus cell cultures, this chapter presents the method of TIA, carotenoids, and phytosterols analyses. Furthermore, an NMR-based metabolomics approach to study C. roseus cell culture is described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Metabolomics/methods*
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