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Fulltext Protecting mechanism of Swietenia macrophylla ethanol extract nanoparticle on streptozotocin induced renal damage in rat

Kurnijasanti R, Wardani G, Mustafa MR, Sudjarwo SA

Open Vet J, 2023 Dec;13(12):1623-1630.
PMID: 38292712 DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2023.v13.i12.12

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia increases reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to diabetic complications such as kidney cell damage. Antioxidant administration could inhibit ROS and kidney cell damage commonly seen in hyperglycemia.
AIM: We want to demonstrate that the antioxidant properties of Swietenia macrophylla ethanol extract nanoparticles can prevent kidney cell damage brought on by streptozotocin (STZ) in the current investigation.
METHODS: This study employs high-energy ball milling to produce nanoparticles from S. macrophylla extract. Additionally, dynamic light scattering (DLS) is utilized to characterize the nanoparticle sizes of the S. macrophylla ethanol extract. Five groups, each consisting of 8 rats, were formed from 40 rats. Control rats received distilled water, the diabetic rats were administered STZ injections, while S. macrophylla rats were given S. macrophylla extract nanoparticles orally and STZ injection. After the trial, blood from a rat was drawn intracardially to check the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were then assessed in kidney tissue samples. Histological alterations were evaluated in kidney section samples.
RESULTS: A DLS analysis estimated the size of the S. macrophylla ethanol extract nanoparticles to be about 91.50 ± 23.06 nm. BUN and creatinine levels were significantly raised after STZ treatment. STZ significantly decreased SOD and GPx levels in kidney tissue while raising MDA levels (p < 0.05). Swietenia macrophylla ethanol extract nanoparticle caused the decreased levels of BUN and creatinine in blood to normal levels (p < 0.05), indicating that S. macrophylla ethanol extract prevented the STZ-induced kidney cell damage. Additionally, S. macrophylla nanoparticles significantly raise GPx and SOD levels in kidney tissue while lowering MDA levels (p < 0.05). These actions are thought to have prevented kidney histological alterations (degeneration and necrosis) in diabetic rats.
CONCLUSION: According to these results, the anti-oxidative stress properties of S. macrophylla nanoparticles make them potentially effective nephroprotective therapies for STZ-induced kidney cell damage.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethanol/pharmacology; Antioxidants/pharmacology; Creatinine/pharmacology; Streptozocin/pharmacology; Superoxide Dismutase/pharmacology; Reactive Oxygen Species/pharmacology
Insecticide susceptibility studies of three cryptic species of the Anopheles balabacensis complex

Hii JL

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1984 Mar;15(1):104-11.
PMID: 6740370

Susceptibilities of two colonies of the taxon An. dirus (one from Perlis and from Thailand) and one colony of An. balabacensis from Sabah to DDT, dieldrin, malathion, fenitrothion and propoxur were determined. DDT and fenitrothion tolerance was found in An. dirus species B and An. balabacensis. No resistant strain was isolated as the two colonies were not either homozygous or nearly so for resistance. Field testing of the susceptibility of the adults of An. balabacensis to DDT was carried out between 1957 to 1976. The results indicated a progressive rise in the LC50 levels greater than 1% in almost all instance. The variation in the number of sprays applied in some districts have resulted in varying sensitivities. Association between the changes in levels of DDT susceptibility and exophilic habit of An. balabacensis has been observed but needs further confirmation. The significance of these findings and the difficulties in distinguishing tolerant from truly resistant individuals are discussed in relation to accurate species identification.

Matched MeSH terms: Propoxur/pharmacology; DDT/pharmacology; Dieldrin/pharmacology; Fenitrothion/pharmacology; Insecticides/pharmacology*; Malathion/pharmacology
In vitro susceptibilities of Malaysian clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and Cryptococcus gattii to five antifungal drugs

Tay ST, Tanty Haryanty T, Ng KP, Rohani MY, Hamimah H

Mycoses, 2006 Jul;49(4):324-30.
PMID: 16784448

The in vitro susceptibilities of Malaysian clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii and C . gattii to five antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole and ketoconazole) were determined using the Etest method. None of the Malaysian isolates was resistant to amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Isolates resistant to flucytosine, fluconazole and itraconazole were observed in this study. Minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of > or = 32 microg ml(-1) against flucytosine, > or = 64 microg ml(-1) against fluconazole and > or = 1 microg ml(-1) against itraconazole were noted in four (8.3%), two (4.2%) and one (2.1%) isolates respectively. There was no significant difference in the MICs for both Cryptococcus species (P > 0.05), indicating that C. gattii was as susceptible as var. grubii to all the antifungal drugs tested. No significant difference in the MICs for both Cryptococcus species collected from 1980 to 1990 and 2002 to 2004 were observed (P > 0.05).

Matched MeSH terms: Amphotericin B/pharmacology; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology*; Flucytosine/pharmacology; Ketoconazole/pharmacology; Fluconazole/pharmacology; Itraconazole/pharmacology
Fulltext Cytoprotective Role of Omentin Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Vascular Endothelial Cells Injury

Binti Kamaruddin NA, Fong LY, Tan JJ, Abdullah MNH, Singh Cheema M, Bin Yakop F, et al.

Molecules, 2020 May 29;25(11).
PMID: 32485974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112534

Endothelial cell injury caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Omentin, an adipocytokine that is abundantly expressed in visceral fat tissue, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties. However, endothelial protective effects of omentin against oxidative stress remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of omentin against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell injury in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cytotoxicity and cytoprotective effects of omentin were evaluated using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The apoptotic activity of HUVECs was detected using Annexin-V/PI and Hoechst 33258 staining methods. Antioxidant activity of omentin was evaluated by measuring both reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. No cytotoxicity effect was observed in HUVECs treated with omentin alone at concentrations of 150 to 450 ng/ml. MTT assay showed that omentin significantly prevented the cell death induced by H2O2 (p < 0.001). Hoechst staining and flow cytometry also revealed that omentin markedly prevented H2O2-induced apoptosis. Moreover, omentin not only significantly inhibited ROS production (p < 0.01) but also significantly (p < 0.01) increased GPx activity in HUVECs. In conclusion, our data suggest that omentin may protect HUVECs from injury induced by H2O2.

Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology; Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology; Cytokines/pharmacology*; Protective Agents/pharmacology; Lectins/pharmacology*; Adipokines/pharmacology; GPI-Linked Proteins/pharmacology
Fulltext Effect of probiotics supplementation on bone mineral content and bone mass density

Parvaneh K, Jamaluddin R, Karimi G, Erfani R

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:595962.
PMID: 24587733 DOI: 10.1155/2014/595962

A few studies in animals and a study in humans showed a positive effect of probiotic on bone metabolism and bone mass density. Most of the investigated bacteria were Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The positive results of the probiotics were supported by the high content of dietary calcium and the high amounts of supplemented probiotics. Some of the principal mechanisms include (1) increasing mineral solubility due to production of short chain fatty acids; (2) producing phytase enzyme by bacteria to overcome the effect of mineral depressed by phytate; (3) reducing intestinal inflammation followed by increasing bone mass density; (4) hydrolysing glycoside bond food in the intestines by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria. These mechanisms lead to increase bioavailability of the minerals. In conclusion, probiotics showed potential effects on bone metabolism through different mechanisms with outstanding results in the animal model. The results also showed that postmenopausal women who suffered from low bone mass density are potential targets to consume probiotics for increasing mineral bioavailability including calcium and consequently increasing bone mass density.

Matched MeSH terms: Calcium, Dietary/pharmacology; Probiotics/pharmacology*
Antimicrobial activity of Ficus deltoidea Jack (Mas Cotek)

Abdsamah O, Zaidi NT, Sule AB

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2012 Jul;25(3):675-8.
PMID: 22713960

Present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of Ficus deltoidea at 10mg/ml, 20mg/ml and 50 mg/ml, respectively using the disc diffusion method against 2 Gram positive {Staphylococcus aureus (IMR S-277), Bacillus subtilis (IMR K-1)}, 2 Gram negative {Escherichia coli (IMR E-940), Pseudomonas aeroginosa (IMR P-84)} and 1 fungal strain, Candida albicans (IMR C-44). All the extracts showed inhibitory activity on the fungus, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains tested except for the chloroform and aqueous extracts on B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. aeroginosa. The methanol extract exhibited good antibacterial and antifungal activities against the test organisms. The methanol extract significantly inhibited the growth of S. aureus forming a wide inhibition zone (15.67 ± 0.58 mm) and lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value (3.125 mg/ml). B. subtilis was the least sensitive to the chloroform extract (6.33 ± 0.58 mm) and highest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value (25 mg/ml). Antimicrobial activity of F. deltoidea in vitro further justifies its utility in folkleric medicines for the treatment of infections of microbial origin.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology*; Plant Extracts/pharmacology*
Advances in the analytical methods for determining the antioxidant properties of honey: a review

Moniruzzaman M, Khalil MI, Sulaiman SA, Gan SH

Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2012;9(1):36-42.
PMID: 23983317

Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in contributing to the processes of aging and disease. In an effort to combat free radical activity, scientists are studying the effects of increasing individuals' antioxidant levels through diet and dietary supplements. Honey appears to act as an antioxidant in more ways than one. In the body, honey can mop up free radicals and contribute to better health. Various antioxidant activity methods have been used to measure and compare the antioxidant activity of honey. In recent years, DPPH (Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power), ORAC (The Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity), ABTS [2, 2-azinobis (3ehtylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diamonium salt], TEAC [6-hydroxy-2, 5, 7, 8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox)-equivalent antioxidant capacity] assays have been used to evaluate antioxidant activity of honey. The antioxidant activity of honey is also measured by ascorbic acid content and different enzyme assays like Catalase (CAT), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPO), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD). Among the different methods available, methods that have been validated, standardized and widely reported are recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology*; Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology
Characterization of phenolic compounds, carotenoids, vitamins and antioxidant activities of selected Malaysian wild edible plants

Wong JY, Matanjun P, Ooi YB, Chia KF

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2013 Aug;64(5):621-31.
PMID: 23368987 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.763910

This study was carried out to characterize phenolic compounds, carotenoids, vitamins and the antioxidant activity of selected wild edible plants. Plant extracts were purified, and phenolic compounds comprising 11 phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid and hydrocinnamic acid) and 33 flavonoids (including catechin, glycosides and aglycones) were analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD). Furthermore, the contents of ascorbic acid and tocopherol ((α and γ tocopherol) and carotenoids (lutein and β-carotene) were also determined. The major phenolics identified consisted of glycosides of flavones (apigenin and luteolin) and flavonols (kaempferol and quercetin). Among the phenolic acids identified after hydrolysis, coumaric acid was the predominant phenolic acid in all the extracts of wild plants. Ascorbic acid [53.8 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW)] and β-carotene (656.5 mg/100 g FW) showed the highest content in the leaf of Heckeria umbellatum. In conclusion, the leaves of H. umbellatum, Aniseia martinicensis and Gonostegia hirta have excellent potential in the future to emerge as functional ingredients.

Matched MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology*; Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology; Carotenoids/pharmacology*; Coumaric Acids/pharmacology; Flavonoids/pharmacology*; Phenols/pharmacology*; Plant Extracts/pharmacology; Vitamins/pharmacology*; Lutein/pharmacology; beta Carotene/pharmacology; Tocopherols/pharmacology
Synthesis, molecular docking, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potential of thiazole analogs as new inhibitors for Alzheimer disease

Rahim F, Javed MT, Ullah H, Wadood A, Taha M, Ashraf M, et al.

Bioorg Chem, 2015 Oct;62:106-16.
PMID: 26318401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.08.002

A series of thirty (30) thiazole analogs were prepared, characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and EI-MS and evaluated for Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory potential. All analogs exhibited varied butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity with IC50 value ranging between 1.59±0.01 and 389.25±1.75μM when compared with the standard eserine (IC50, 0.85±0.0001μM). Analogs 15, 7, 12, 9, 14, 1, 30 with IC50 values 1.59±0.01, 1.77±0.01, 6.21±0.01, 7.56±0.01, 8.46±0.01, 14.81±0.32 and 16.54±0.21μM respectively showed excellent inhibitory potential. Seven analogs 15, 20, 19, 24, 28, 30 and 25 exhibited good acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential with IC50 values 21.3±0.50, 35.3±0.64, 36.6±0.70, 44.81±0.81, 46.36±0.84, 48.2±0.06 and 48.72±0.91μM respectively. All other analogs also exhibited well to moderate enzyme inhibition. The binding mode of these compounds was confirmed through molecular docking.

Matched MeSH terms: Cholinesterase Inhibitors/pharmacology*; Thiazoles/pharmacology*
Fulltext Effects of palm oil on cardiovascular risk

Chong YH, Ng TKW

Med J Malaysia, 1991 Mar;46(1):41-50.
PMID: 1836037

A major public health concern of affluent nations is the excessive consumption of dietary fats which are now closely linked to coronary heart disease. Against this scenario, the tropical oils and palm oil in particular, have been cast as major villains in the U.S.A., despite the fact that palm oil consumption there is negligible. The unsuspecting public may not realise that the call to avoid palm oil is nothing more than a trade ploy since in recent years palm oil has been very competitive and has gained a major share of the world's edible oils and fats market. Many also lose sight of the fact that, palm oil, like other edible oils and fats, is an important component of the diet. The allegation that palm oil consumption leads to raised blood cholesterol levels and is therefore atherogenic is without scientific foundation. Examination of the chemical and fatty acid composition of palm oil or its liquid fraction should convince most nutritionists that the oil has little cholesterol-raising potential. The rationale for these are: it is considered cholesterol free. its major saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (16:0) has recently been shown to be neutral in its cholesterolaemic effect, particularly in situations where the LDL receptors have not been down-regulated by dietary means or through a genetic effect. palm oil contains negligible amounts (less than 1.5%) of the hypercholesterolemic saturated fatty acids, namely lauric acid (12:0) and myristic acid (14:0). it has moderately rich amounts of the hypocholesterolaemic, monounsaturated oleic acid (18:1, omega-9) and adequate amounts of linoleic acid. (18:2, omega-6). It contains minor components such as the vitamin E tocotrienols which are not only powerful antioxidants but are also natural inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis. Feeding experiments in various animal species and humans also do not support the allegation that palm oil is atherogenic. On the contrary, palm oil consumption reduces blood cholesterol in comparison with the traditional sources of saturated fats such as coconut oil, dairy and animal fats. In addition, palm oil consumption may raise HDL levels and reduce platelet aggregability. As with all nutrients, there is a need to obtain a balance of different fatty acids found in fats in edible oils and other food sources. There is no single ideal source of fat that answers to the recent American Heart Association's call to reflect a 1:1:1 ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats in relation to the recommended dietary fat intake of 30% of calories or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Matched MeSH terms: Dietary Fats/pharmacology*; Plant Oils/pharmacology*
Metal/metal oxide nanocomposites for bactericidal effect: A review

Pachaiappan R, Rajendran S, Show PL, Manavalan K, Naushad M

Chemosphere, 2021 Jun;272:128607.
PMID: 33097236 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128607

Many microbial species causing infectious disease all over the world became a social burden and creating threat among community. These microbes possess long lifetime, enhancing mortality and morbidity rate in affected organisms. In this condition, the treatment was ineffective and more chances of spreading of infection into other organisms. Hence, it is necessary to initiate infection control efforts and prevention activities against multidrug resistant microbes, to reduce the death rate of people. Seriously concerning towards this problem progress was shown in developing significant drugs with least side effects. Emergence of nanoparticles and its novelty showed effective role in targeting and destructing microbes well. Further, many research works have shown nanocomposites developed from nanoparticles coupled with other nanoparticles, polymers, carbon material acted as an exotic substance against microbes causing severe loss. However, metal and metal oxide nanocomposites have gained interest due to its small size and enhancing the surface contact with bacteria, producing damage to it. The bactericidal mechanism of metal and metal oxide nanocomposites involve in the production of reactive oxygen species which includes superoxide radical anions, hydrogen peroxide anions and hydrogen peroxide which interact with the cell wall of bacteria causing damage to the cell membrane in turn inhibiting the further growth of cell with leakage of internal cellular components, leading to death of bacteria. This review provides the detailed view on antibacterial activity of metal and metal oxide nanocomposite which possessed novelty due to its physiochemical changes.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Oxides/pharmacology
Fulltext Aspirin and Reducing Risk of Gastric Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Observational Studies

Win TT, Aye SN, Lau Chui Fern J, Ong Fei C

J Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2020 Jun 03;29(2):191-198.
PMID: 32530986 DOI: 10.15403/jgld-818

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The latest meta-analysis on the role of aspirin on various cancers was published in early 2018. By including the latest and updated primary observational studies, we aimed to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize stronger evidence on the role of aspirin in reducing gastric cancer (GC) risk.
METHODS: The PubMed, Scopus, and MEDLINE databases were systematically searched up to December 2019 to identify relevant studies. Random-effects model was used to calculate summary ORs and 95%CI for I 2 >50%. If the heterogeneity is not significant, the fixed-effects model was used. Overall analysis of the studies, inverse variance weighting after transforming the estimates of each study into log OR and its standard error were used.
RESULTS: 21 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Results showed that aspirin significantly reduced the GC risk (OR=0.64, 95%CI=0.54-0.76) with substantial heterogeneity (I 2 =96%). Effect of GC risk reduction in low dose (OR=0.80, 95%CI=0.59-1.09) is slightly greater than high dose aspirin (OR=1.08, 95%CI=0.77-1.52). Protective effect of aspirin uses >5 years (OR=0.67, 95%CI=0.34-1.31) was greater than <5 years (OR=1.01, 95%CI=0.72-1.43) Conclusion: In conclusion, this meta-analysis showed that low dose aspirin with longer duration of more than 5 years were associated with a statistically significant reduction in GC risk. However, due to possible confounding variables and bias, these results should be cautiously treated.

Matched MeSH terms: Aspirin/pharmacology*; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
Antioxidant and antihypertensive effects of garlic protein and its hydrolysates and the related mechanism

Gao X, Xue Z, Ma Q, Guo Q, Xing L, Santhanam RK, et al.

J Food Biochem, 2020 02;44(2):e13126.
PMID: 31877235 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13126

Garlic protein (GP) was enzymatically hydrolyzed using pepsin and trypsin followed by the evaluation of antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of GP and its hydrolysates. The antihypertensive effects of GP and its hydrolysates were determined in vivo. The results showed that GP and its hydrolysates namely GPH-P (pepsin) and GPH-T (trypsin) possessed appreciable antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities. The ACE inhibitory activity of GP, GPH-T, and GPH-P was in consistent with their antioxidant activities. GP and its hydrolysates offered significant protective effects against H2 O2 -induced oxidative damage (p

Matched MeSH terms: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology; Antioxidants/pharmacology
In vitro evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Eucheuma cottonii extract and its in vivo evaluation of the wound-healing activity in mice

Teo BSX, Gan RY, Abdul Aziz S, Sirirak T, Mohd Asmani MF, Yusuf E

J Cosmet Dermatol, 2021 Mar;20(3):993-1001.
PMID: 32659861 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13624

BACKGROUND: Eucheuma Cottonii is a type of red algae obtained from Sabah with main active component, sulfated polysaccharide or k-carrageenan.
AIMS: The objective of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibacterial and potential wound-healing properties in aqueous extraction of E cottonii in order to meet the increasing demand for halal and natural cosmeceutical products.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Aqueous extract of E cottonii was investigated for active compounds by phytochemical screening and IR spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH method, and the IC50 value was 1.99 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity was examined against Staphylococcus Aureus using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and showed 10.03 ± 0.06 mm zone of inhibition, achieved by 200 mg/mL of extracts. A wound was made by skin excision of area around 100 mm2 on each mouse. Test group was treated with aqueous extract gel (10% w/w); meanwhile, the mice that were treated with honey acted as the positive control group and the untreated mice as negative control group. Results showed that the wound contraction rate inclined to aqueous extracts as compared to untreated group (P

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/pharmacology
Fulltext The Development of Drugs against Acanthamoeba Infections

Siddiqui R, Aqeel Y, Khan NA

Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2016 11;60(11):6441-6450.
PMID: 27600042 DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00686-16

For the past several decades, there has been little improvement in the morbidity and mortality associated with Acanthamoeba keratitis and Acanthamoeba encephalitis, respectively. The discovery of a plethora of antiacanthamoebic compounds has not yielded effective marketed chemotherapeutics. The rate of development of novel antiacanthamoebic chemotherapies of translational value and the lack of interest of the pharmaceutical industry in developing such chemotherapies have been disappointing. On the other hand, the market for contact lenses/contact lens disinfectants is a multi-billion-dollar industry and has been successful and profitable. A better understanding of drugs, their targets, and mechanisms of action will facilitate the development of more-effective chemotherapies. Here, we review the progress toward phenotypic drug discovery, emphasizing the shortcomings of useable therapies.

Matched MeSH terms: Amphotericin B/pharmacology; Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology*; Azoles/pharmacology; Biguanides/pharmacology; Cefazolin/pharmacology; Chlorhexidine/pharmacology; Natamycin/pharmacology; Polymyxin B/pharmacology; Thienamycins/pharmacology; Echinocandins/pharmacology; Lipopeptides/pharmacology
Fulltext Laboratory bioefficacy of CREEK 1.0G (temephos) against Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) larvae

Chen CD, Lee HL

Trop Biomed, 2006 Dec;23(2):220-3.
PMID: 17322825 MyJurnal

The bioefficacy of a commercial formulation of temephos, Creek against Aedes aegypti larvae was studied in the laboratory. Earthen jars were filled with 10 L tap water each. One g of temephos (Creek) sand granule formulation was added into each earthen jar as recommended by the manufacturer. The final test concentration of Creek was 1 mg a.i./L. One earthen jar was filled with 10 L tap water and served as a test control (untreated). Thirty late 3(rd) or early 4(th) instar of lab-bred Ae. aegypti larvae were added into each earthen jar. Mortality of the larvae was recorded after 24 hours and percent mortality was calculated. Test was repeated every week. The results showed that complete larval mortality was achieved after 24 hours. The residual effect lasted 15 weeks (105 days), indicating that Creek is effective at the dosage recommended by the manufacturer which is 1 mg a.i./L.

Matched MeSH terms: Temefos/pharmacology*; Insecticides/pharmacology*
In situ functionalizing calcium phosphate biomaterials with curcumin for the prevention of bacterial biofilm infections

Lee WH, Rohanizadeh R, Loo CY

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2021 Oct;206:111938.
PMID: 34198233 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111938

This study developed a novel bioactive bone substitute (hydroxyapatite, HA) with improved anti-biofilm activity by functionalizing with curcumin (anti-biofilm compound) which provide sufficient flux of curcumin concentration for 14 days. The released curcumin acts to inhibit biofilm formation and control the number of viable planktonic cells simultaneously. To prepare curcumin-functionalized HA, different concentrations of curcumin (up to 3% w/v) were added simultaneously during the precipitation process of HA. The highest loading (50 mg/g HA) of curcumin onto HA was achieved with 2% w/v of curcumin. Physicochemical characterizations of curcumin-functionalized HA composites revealed that curcumin was successfully incorporated onto HA. Curcumin was sustainably released over 14 days, while higher curcumin release was observed in acidic condition (pH 4.4) compared to physiological (pH 7.4). The cytotoxicity assays revealed that no significant difference on bone cells growth on curcumin-functionalized HA and non-functionalized HA. Curcumin-functionalized HA was effective to inhibit bacterial cell attachment and subsequent biofilm maturation stages. The anti-biofilm effect was stronger against Staphylococcus aureus compared to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The curcumin-functionalized HA composite significantly delayed the maturation of S. aureus compared to non-functionalized HA in which microcolonies of cells only begin to appear at 96 h. Up to 3.0 log reduction in colony forming unit (CFU)/mL of planktonic cells was noted at 24 h of incubation for both microorganisms. Thus, in this study we have suggested that curcumin loaded HA could be an alternative antimicrobial agent to control the risk of infections in post-surgical implants.

Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology; Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology
Fulltext PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROFILES OF TRAGIA SPECIES (FAMILY: EUPHORBIACEAE)

Reddy BS, Rao NR, Vijeepallam K, Pandy V

Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2017;14(3):105-112.
PMID: 28480421 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i3.11

BACKGROUND: Tragia belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae which contains about 152 species. Interestingly, most of the earlier investigations have been done using only five Tragia species, namely, Tragia involucrata, Tragia cannabina, Tragia spathulata, Tragia plukenetii, and Tragia benthamii. The objective of the present review is to compile the phytochemical, pharmacological and biological studies of the selected five Tragia species reported in the literature.
METHODS: The reported data/information was retrieved mainly from the online databases of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Botanical Survey of India.
RESULTS: The present review elaborated the phytochemical, pharmacological and biological properties of the selected five Tragia species obtained from recent literature.
CONCLUSION: This review provides a basis for future investigation of Tragia species and, especially for those species that have not been explored for biological and pharmacological activities.

Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology*; Phytochemicals/pharmacology*
Residual spraying; mass suppression and A. maculatus

WALLACE RB

Med J Malaya, 1956 Mar;10(3):191-231.
PMID: 13347453
Matched MeSH terms: Lindane/pharmacology*; Insecticides/pharmacology*
Hyaluronic acid, a promising skin rejuvenating biomedicine: A review of recent updates and pre-clinical and clinical investigations on cosmetic and nutricosmetic effects

Bukhari SNA, Roswandi NL, Waqas M, Habib H, Hussain F, Khan S, et al.

Int J Biol Macromol, 2018 Dec;120(Pt B):1682-1695.
PMID: 30287361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.188

Hyaluronic acid (HA) plays multifaceted role in regulating the various biological processes such as skin repairmen, diagnosis of cancer, wound healing, tissue regeneration, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulation. Owing to its remarkable biomedical and tissue regeneration potential, HA has been numerously employed as one of the imperative components of the cosmetic and nutricosmetic products. The present review aims to summarize and critically appraise recent developments and clinical investigations on cosmetic and nutricosmetic efficacy of HA for skin rejuvenation. A thorough analysis of the literature revealed that HA based formulations (i.e., gels, creams, intra-dermal filler injections, dermal fillers, facial fillers, autologous fat gels, lotion, serum, and implants, etc.) exhibit remarkable anti-wrinkle, anti-nasolabial fold, anti-aging, space-filling, and face rejuvenating properties. This has been achieved via soft tissue augmentation, improved skin hydration, collagen and elastin stimulation, and face volume restoration. HA, alone or in combination with lidocaine and other co-agents, showed promising efficacy in skin tightness and elasticity, face rejuvenation, improving aesthetic scores, reducing the wrinkle scars, longevity, and tear trough rejuvenation. Our critical analysis evidenced that application/administration of HA exhibits outstanding nutricosmetic efficacy and thus is warranted to be used as a prime component of cosmetic products.

Matched MeSH terms: Cosmetics/pharmacology*; Hyaluronic Acid/pharmacology*

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