Displaying publications 141 - 160 of 2474 in total

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  1. Mechanistic investigation of phytochemicals involved in green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using aqueous Elaeis guineensis leaves extract: Role of phenolic compounds and flavonoids
    Ahmad T, Bustam MA, Irfan M, Moniruzzaman M, Asghar HMA, Bhattacharjee S
    Biotechnol Appl Biochem, 2019 Jul;66(4):698-708.
    PMID: 31172593 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1787
    Phytosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has achieved an indispensable significance due to the diverse roles played by biomolecules in directing the physiochemical characteristics of biosynthesized nanoparticles. Therefore, the precise identification of key bioactive compounds involved in producing AuNPs is vital to control their tunable characteristics for potential applications. Herein, qualitative and quantitative determination of key biocompounds contributing to the formation of AuNPs using aqueous Elaeis guineensis leaves extract is reported. Moreover, roles of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in reduction of Au3+ and stabilization of AuNPs have been elucidated by establishing a reaction mechanism. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed shifting of O─H stretching vibrations toward longer wavenumbers and C═O toward shorter wavenumbers due to involvement of polyphenolic compounds in biosynthesis and oxidation of polyphenolic into carboxylic compounds, respectively, which cape nanoparticles to inhibit the aggregation. Congruently, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the major contribution of polyphenolic compounds in the synthesis of AuNPs, which was further endorsed by reduction of total phenolic and total flavonoids contents from 48.08 ± 1.98 to 9.59 ± 0.92 mg GAE/g and 32.02 ± 1.31 to 13.8 ± 0.97 mg CE/g within 60 Min, respectively. Based on experimental results, reaction mechanism explained the roles of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in producing spherical-shaped AuNPs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/isolation & purification; Plant Extracts/chemistry*
  2. Fulltext Immunostimulatory effects of the standardized extract of Tinospora crispa on innate immune responses in Wistar Kyoto rats
    Ahmad W, Jantan I, Kumolosasi E, Bukhari SN
    Drug Des Devel Ther, 2015;9:2961-73.
    PMID: 26089645 DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S85405
    Tinospora crispa (TC) has been used in folkloric medicine for the treatment of various diseases and has been reported for several pharmacological activities. However, the effects of TC extract on the immune system are largely unknown. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of a standardized 80% ethanol extract of the stem of TC on innate immune responses. Male Wistar Kyoto rats were treated daily at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg doses of the extract for 21 days by oral gavage. The immunomodulatory potential of TC was evaluated by determining its effect on chemotaxis and phagocytic activity of neutrophils isolated from the blood of rats. To further elucidate the mechanism of action, its effects on the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes subsets (CD4+ and CD8+) and on the secretion of Th1 and Th2 cytokines were also monitored. The main components of the extracts, syringin and magnoflorine, were identified and quantitatively analyzed in the extracts by using a validated reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method. It was observed that the chemotactic activity of neutrophils obtained from extract-treated rats increased as compared to controls. A dose-dependent increase in the number of migrated cells and phagocytosis activity of neutrophils was observed. Dose-dependent increase was also observed in the T- and B-lymphocytes proliferation stimulated with concanavalin A (5 μg/mL) and lipopolysaccharide (10 μg/mL), and was statistically significant at 400 mg/kg (P>0.01). Apart from cell-mediated immune response, the concentrations of Th1 (TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4) cytokines were significantly increased in sera of rats treated with different doses as compared with the control group. From these findings, it can be concluded that TC possesses immunostimulatory activity and has therapeutic potential for the prevention of immune diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology*
  3. Immunomodulatory effects of Tinospora crispa extract and its major compounds on the immune functions of RAW 264.7 macrophages
    Ahmad W, Jantan I, Kumolosasi E, Haque MA, Bukhari SNA
    Int Immunopharmacol, 2018 Jul;60:141-151.
    PMID: 29730557 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.046
    The in vivo immunomodulatory activities of Tinospora crispa have been reported but its molecular mechanisms underlying its immunomodulatory properties remains obscure and the active constituents contributing to the activities have not been identified. The present study was aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of T. crispa extract (TCE) and its chemical constituents on RAW 264.7 macrophages. Six known compounds including magnoflorine and syringin were isolated by various chromatographic techniques from TCE and their structures were determined spectroscopically. A validated HPLC method was used to quantify magnoflorine and syringin in the extract. The immunomodulatory effects of TCE and its isolated compounds on chemotaxis, phagocytosis, production of inflammatory mediators including reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines which include tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) on macrophages were assessed. TCE increased the chemotaxis and phagocytic activity of macrophages and significantly enhanced the production of ROS, NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines. All alkaloids isolated, specifically magnoflorine showed remarkable inducing effects on the chemotaxis, phagocytic activity, ROS and NO productions and the secretions of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL6, PGE2 and MCP-1. In contrast, syringin potently reduced the chemotaxis, phagocytic activity, ROS and NO productions and secretions of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL6, PGE2 and MCP-1. TCE showed strong immunostimulant effects on various components of the immune system and these activities were possibly contributed mainly by the alkaloids specifically magnoflorine. TCE has potential to be developed as an effective natural immunostimulant for improvement of immune-related disorders.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts
  4. Fulltext EVALUATION OF SELECTED HERBS EXTRACT AS REPELLENT AGAINST RUBBER TERMITES (Coptotermes curvignathus)
    Ahmad Zaimi Mohd Zawawi, Shazatul Izzati Sha’aree
    Journal of Academia Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, 2021;9(1):85-90.
    MyJurnal
    Termites encompass a various range of destruction of crops and capable of decomposing woods. The widely being used of hazardous chemical pesticides has develop many health problems to the users. Hence, the aim of this study was to substitute the use of hazardous chemical pesticides to herbs based pesticides as repellent agent against rubber termites (Coptotermes curvignathus), which is safer and easier to use. The selected herbs species for this study are lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), garlic (Allium sativum) and wild mint (Mentha arvensis). As for C.curvignathus, they were obtained from Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia. Khaya wood (Khaya senegalensis) (3cm x 2cm x 2cm) is the woods sample that being used. All woods samples were treated with all the selected herbs extract. The repellent testing was conducted for 21 days. The result obtained showed that the three herbs were effective to be used as repellent when compared to percentage weight loss of control, which is 23.58%. The percentages of weight loss of treated groups using aqueous extraction of herbs were 0.61% (lemongrass), 1.56% (mint), and 1.72% (garlic), whereas for methanol extraction of herbs were 0.52% (lemongrass), 1.13% (mint) and 1.55% (garlic). From Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), there is significant different in mean among group with F=275.49, p- value=0.000
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts
  5. Fulltext Antifungal efficacy of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed extracts against Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
    Ahmadu T, Ahmad K, Ismail SI, Rashed O, Asib N, Omar D
    Braz J Biol, 2020 11 12;81(4):1007-1022.
    PMID: 33175006 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.233173
    Drawbacks associated with the use of chemical fungicides to control plant pathogenic fungi such as Botrytis cinerea stimulate the need for alternatives. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the antifungal potentials of Moringa oleifera extracts against B. cinerea. Phytochemical analysis using qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of huge amount of crucial phytochemicals compounds like phenolic compounds, alkaloids and saponins in the M. oleifera leaf extract. Antifungal bioassay of the crude extracts indicated better mycelial growth inhibition by methanol leaf extract (99%). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 5 mg/ml with 100% spore germination inhibition and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was 10 mg/ml with 98.10% mycelial growth inhibition using broth micro dilution and poisoned food techniques. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis led to the identification of 67 volatile chemical compounds in the leaf extract with 6-decenoic acid (Z)- (19.87%) was the predominant compound. Further chemical elucidation of the crude extracts performed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed the presence of non-volatile chemical compounds, mostly flavones, flavonoids and phenolic acids (i.e. quercetin and kaempferol). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed positive effect of M. oleifera leaf extract on the treated conidia and mycelium of B. cinerea. Findings revealed that irreversible surface and ultra-structural changes with severe detrimental effects on conidia and mycelium morphology compared to control treatment. Overall findings suggested that M. oleifera leaf extract is a promising candidate for biological control of fungal pathogens, thus limiting overdependence on chemical fungicides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology
  6. A new symmetrical tetramer oligostilbenoid containing tetrahydrofuran ring from the stem bark of Dryobalanops lanceolata
    Ahmat N, Wibowo A, Mohamad SA, Low AL, Sufian AS, Yusof MI, et al.
    J Asian Nat Prod Res, 2014;16(11):1099-107.
    PMID: 25034352 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.938059
    A new tetramer oligostilbenoid possessing tetrahydrofuran ring, malaysianol C (1), was isolated from the acetone extract of the stem bark of Dryobalanops lanceolata, together with four known oligostilbenoids nepalensinol E (2), ϵ-viniferin (3), laevifonol (4), and ampelopsin F (5). The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence. The antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds was evaluated using resazurin microtitre-plate assay, whereas the cytotoxic activity was tested using MTT assay. The plausible biogenetic routes of the isolated compounds are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  7. Evaluation of in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant characterizations of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton (Zingiberaceae), Piper cubeba L. f. (Piperaceae), and Plumeria rubra L. (Apocynaceae)
    Ahmed AS, Ahmed Q, Saxena AK, Jamal P
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2017 Jan;30(1):113-126.
    PMID: 28603121
    Inhibition of intestinal α-amylase and α-glucosidase is an important strategy to regulate diabetes mellitus (DM). Antioxidants from plants are widely regarded in the prevention of diabetes. Fruits of Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton (Zingiberaceae) and Piper cubeba L. f. (Piperaceae) and flowers of Plumeria rubra L. (Apocynaceae) are traditionally used to cure DM in different countries. However, the role of these plants has been grossly under reported and is yet to receive proper scientific evaluation with respect to understand their traditional role in the management of diabetes especially as digestive enzymes inhibitors. Hence, methanol and aqueous extracts of the aforementioned plants were evaluated for their in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition at 1 mg/mL and quantification of their antioxidant properties (DPPH, FRAP tests, total phenolic and total flavonoids contents). In vitro optimization studies for the extracts were also performed to enhance in vitro biological activities. The % inhibition of α-glucosidase by the aqueous extracts of the fruits of E. cardamomum, P. cubeba and flowers of P. rubra were 10.41 (0.03), 95.19 (0.01), and -2.92 (0.03), while the methanol extracts exhibited % inhibition 13.73 (0.02), 92.77 (0.01), and -0.98 (0.01), respectively. The % inhibition of α-amylase by the aqueous extracts were 82.99 (0.01), 64.35 (0.01), and 20.28 (0.02), while the methanol extracts displayed % inhibition 39.93 (0.01), 31.06 (0.02), and 39.40 (0.01), respectively. Aqueous extracts displayed good in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. Moreover, in vitro optimization experiments helped to increase the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of E. cardamomum. Our findings further justify the traditional claims of these plants as folk medicines to manage diabetes, however, through digestive enzymes inhibition effect.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/isolation & purification; Plant Extracts/pharmacology*; Plant Extracts/chemistry
  8. Fulltext Chia Seed Oil Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Female Wistar Rats: An Electrocardiographic, Biochemical and Histopathological Approach
    Ahmed AZ, Mumbrekar KD, Satyam SM, Shetty P, D'Souza MR, Singh VK
    Cardiovasc Toxicol, 2021 Jul;21(7):533-542.
    PMID: 33740233 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09644-3
    Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anti-cancer antibiotic that was widely used for treatment of various cancers. It produces free radicals which result in extreme dose-limiting cardiotoxicity. This study investigated the cardioprotective potential of chia seed oil, an active polyphenolic nutraceutical against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 6) which consist of normal control, DOX control, test-A and test-B group. Animals were prophylactically treated with two different doses of test drug, i.e. chia seed oil 2.5 ml/kg/day and 5 ml/kg/day in test-A and test-B groups orally for 7 days. Doxorubicin (25 mg/kg; single dose) was administered intraperitoneally to DOX control, Test-A and Test-B animals on the seventh day to induce cardiotoxicity. ECG analysis was done before and after treatment. Besides ECG, CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA and GSH were analyzed. DOX had significantly altered ECG, CK, CK-MB, LDH, AST, MDA and GSH. Pre-treatment with chia seed oil significantly alleviated DOX-induced ECG changes and also guarded against DOX-induced rise of serum CK, CK-MB and AST levels. Chia seed oil alleviated histopathological alteration in DOX-treated rats. It also significantly inhibited DOX-induced GSH depletion and elevation of MDA. The present study revealed that chia seed oil exerts cardioprotection against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in female Wistar rats. Our study opens the perspective to clinical studies to precisely consider chia seed oil as a potential chemoprotectant nutraceutical in the combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin to limit its cardiotoxicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology*
  9. Fulltext Cytotoxic constituents from the rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria
    Ahmed Hamdi OA, Syed Abdul Rahman SN, Awang K, Abdul Wahab N, Looi CY, Thomas NF, et al.
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:321943.
    PMID: 25126594 DOI: 10.1155/2014/321943
    Curcuma zedoaria also known as Temu putih is traditionally used in food preparations and treatment of various ailments including cancer. The cytotoxic activity of hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and the methanol-soxhlet extracts of Curcuma zedoaria rhizomes was tested on two human cancer cell lines (Ca Ski and MCF-7) and a noncancer cell line (HUVEC) using MTT assay. Investigation on the chemical components in the hexane and dichloromethane fractions gave 19 compounds, namely, labda-8(17),12 diene-15,16 dial (1), dehydrocurdione (2), curcumenone (3), comosone II (4), curcumenol (5), procurcumenol (6), germacrone (7), zerumbone epoxide (8), zederone (9), 9-isopropylidene-2,6-dimethyl-11-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.0(1,5)]undec-6-en-8-ol (10), furanodiene (11), germacrone-4,5-epoxide (12), calcaratarin A (13), isoprocurcumenol (14), germacrone-1,10-epoxide (15), zerumin A (16), curcumanolide A (17), curcuzedoalide (18), and gweicurculactone (19). Compounds (1-19) were evaluated for their antiproliferative effect using MTT assay against four cancer cell lines (Ca Ski, MCF-7, PC-3, and HT-29). Curcumenone (3) and curcumenol (5) displayed strong antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 8.3 ± 1.0 and 9.3 ± 0.3 μg/mL, resp.) and were found to induce apoptotic cell death on MCF-7 cells using phase contrast and Hoechst 33342/PI double-staining assay. Thus, the present study provides basis for the ethnomedical application of Curcuma zedoaria in the treatment of breast cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology*; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use; Plant Extracts/chemistry
  10. Antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of various morphological parts of underutilised Baccaurea angulata fruit
    Ahmed IA, Mikail MA, Bin Ibrahim M, Bin Hazali N, Rasad MS, Ghani RA, et al.
    Food Chem, 2015 Apr 1;172:778-87.
    PMID: 25442620 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.122
    Baccaurea angulata is an underutilised tropical fruit of Borneo Island of Malaysia. The effect of solvents was examined on yield, total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), total carotene content (TCC), free radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. The results indicated that the pulp (edible portion) had the highest yield, while methanol extracts were significantly (p < 0.01) found to contain higher TPC, TFC and TCC than phosphate buffered saline (PBS) extracts for all the fruits parts. The methanol extracts also showed remarkable antiradical activity and significant lipid peroxidation inhibition activities, with their IC50 results highly comparable to that of commercial blueberry. The variations in the results among the extracts suggest different interactions, such as negative or antagonistic (interference), additive and synergistic effect interactions. The study indicated that B. angulata like other underutilised tropical fruits contained remarkable primary antioxidants. Thus, the fruit has the potential to be sources of antioxidant components.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology*
  11. Fulltext Botanicals and Oral Stem Cell Mediated Regeneration: A Paradigm Shift from Artificial to Biological Replacement
    Ahuja A, Tyagi PK, Kumar M, Sharma N, Prakash S, Radha, et al.
    Cells, 2022 Sep 07;11(18).
    PMID: 36139367 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182792
    Stem cells are a well-known autologous pluripotent cell source, having excellent potential to develop into specialized cells, such as brain, skin, and bone marrow cells. The oral cavity is reported to be a rich source of multiple types of oral stem cells, including the dental pulp, mucosal soft tissues, periodontal ligament, and apical papilla. Oral stem cells were useful for both the regeneration of soft tissue components in the dental pulp and mineralized structure regeneration, such as bone or dentin, and can be a viable substitute for traditionally used bone marrow stem cells. In recent years, several studies have reported that plant extracts or compounds promoted the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of different oral stem cells. This review is carried out by following the PRISMA guidelines and focusing mainly on the effects of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated dental, bone, and neural regeneration. It is observed that in recent years studies were mainly focused on the utilization of oral stem cell-mediated regeneration of bone or dental mesenchymal cells, however, the utility of bioactive compounds on oral stem cell-mediated regeneration requires additional assessment beyond in vitro and in vivo studies, and requires more randomized clinical trials and case studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/metabolism
  12. Fulltext Syzygium campanulatum korth methanolic extract inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in nude mice
    Aisha AF, Ismail Z, Abu-Salah KM, Siddiqui JM, Ghafar G, Abdul Majid AM
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2013;13:168.
    PMID: 23842450 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-168
    Syzygium campanulatum Korth (Myrtaceae) is an evergreen shrub rich in phenolics, flavonoid antioxidants, and betulinic acid. This study sought to investigate antiangiogenic and anti-colon cancer effects of S.C. standardized methanolic extract.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/administration & dosage*; Plant Extracts/isolation & purification; Plant Extracts/chemistry
  13. In vitro and in vivo anti-colon cancer effects of Garcinia mangostana xanthones extract
    Aisha AF, Abu-Salah KM, Ismail Z, Majid AM
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2012;12:104.
    PMID: 22818000
    BACKGROUND: Xanthones are a group of oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds with remarkable pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities.
    METHODS: A xanthones extract (81% α-mangostin and 16% γ-mangostin), was prepared by crystallization of a toluene extract of G. mangostana fruit rinds and was analyzed by LC-MS. Anti-colon cancer effect was investigated on HCT 116 human colorectal carcinoma cells including cytotoxicity, apoptosis, anti-tumorigenicity, and effect on cell signalling pathways. The in vivo anti-colon cancer activity was also investigated on subcutaneous tumors established in nude mice.
    RESULTS: The extract showed potent cytotoxicity (median inhibitory concentration 6.5 ± 1.0 μg/ml), due to induction of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Three key steps in tumor metastasis including the cell migration, cell invasion and clonogenicity, were also inhibited. The extract and α-mangostin up-regulate the MAPK/ERK, c-Myc/Max, and p53 cell signalling pathways. The xanthones extract, when fed to nude mice, caused significant growth inhibition of the subcutaneous tumor of HCT 116 colorectal carcinoma cells.
    CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest new mechanisms of action of α-mangostin and the G. mangostana xanthones, and suggest the xanthones extract of as a potential anti-colon cancer candidate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/administration & dosage*
  14. Evaluation of antiangiogenic and antoxidant properties of Parkia speciosa Hassk extracts
    Aisha AF, Abu-Salah KM, Alrokayan SA, Ismail Z, Abdulmajid AM
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2012 Jan;25(1):7-14.
    PMID: 22186303
    Parkia speciosa Hassk is a traditional medicinal plant with strong antioxidant and hypoglycemic properties. This study aims to investigate the total phenolic content, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antiangiogenic effect of eight extracts from P. speciosa empty pods. The extracts were found to contain high levels of total phenols and demonstrated strong antioxidant effect in DPPH scavenging test. In rat aortic rings, P. speciosa extracts significantly inhibited the microvessel outgrowth from aortic tissue explants by more than 50%. The antiangiogenic activity was further confirmed by tube formation on matrigel matrix involving human endothelial cells. Cytotoxic effect was evaluated by XTT test on endothelial cells as a model of angiogenesis versus a panel of human cancer and normal cell lines. Basically the extracts did not show acute cytotoxicity. Morphology examination of endothelial cells indicated induction of autophagy characterized by formation of plenty of cytoplasmic vacuoles. The extracts were found to work by decreasing expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in endothelial cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/chemistry
  15. Fulltext Preparation and characterization of nano liposomes of Orthosiphon stamineus ethanolic extract in soybean phospholipids
    Aisha AF, Majid AM, Ismail Z
    BMC Biotechnol, 2014;14:23.
    PMID: 24674107 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-23
    O. stamineus is a medicinal herb with remarkable pharmacological properties. However, poor solubility of the active principles limits its medicinal value. This study sought to prepare nano liposomes of OS ethanolic extract in unpurified soybean phospholipids in order to improve its solubility and permeability. OS liposomes were prepared by the conventional film method, and were characterized for solubility, entrapment efficiency, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size and zeta potential, release, absorption in everted rat intestinal sacs, and DPPH scavenging effect.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry*
  16. Fulltext Comparison of antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of piper betle, aloe vera, solanum lycopersicum, cinnamomum zeylanicum and cucumis sativus against acne inducing bacteria
    Aiza Izyani Aminuddin, Siti Suraiya, Ruzilawati Abu Bakar
    Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;2(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Acne vulgaris is a typical skin disorder among adolescence, causing inflammation of pilosebaceous follicle
    which characterized by comedones, papules, pustules, cysts, nodules and often scars in face, neck, upper trunk
    and arms. Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis have been recognized that play as a major
    role in acne formation. This study was conducted to compare the antimicrobial activity of five plant extracts
    namely Piper betle, Aloe vera, Solanum lycopersicum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cucumis sativus against P.
    acnes and S. epidermidis. The well diffusion assay was used to determine the sensitivity of the samples, while
    the liquid dilution method was used for the determination of the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC). The
    result showed a remarkable antibacterial activity of Piper betle extract compared to other plant extracts and
    Doxycycline (positive control) against both of acne-inducing bacteria, P. acnes and S. epidermidis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts
  17. Mechanisms of the anti-hypertensive effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyces
    Ajay M, Chai HJ, Mustafa AM, Gilani AH, Mustafa MR
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2007 Feb 12;109(3):388-93.
    PMID: 16973321
    Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-hypertensive effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) in both humans and experimental animals. To explore the mechanisms of the anti-hypertensive effect of the HS, we examined the effects of a crude methanolic extract of the calyces of HS (HSE) on vascular reactivity in isolated aortas from spontaneously hypertensive rats. HSE relaxed, concentration-dependently, KCl (high K(+), 80 mM)- and phenylephrine (PE, 1 microM)-pre-contracted aortic rings, with a greater potency against the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor agonist. The relaxant effect of HSE was partly dependent on the presence of a functional endothelium as the action was significantly reduced in endothelium-denuded aortic rings. Pretreatment with atropine (1 microM), L-NAME (10 microM) or methylene blue (10 microM), but not indomethacin (10 microM), significantly blocked the relaxant effects of HSE. Endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations induced by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively, were significantly enhanced in aortic rings pretreated with HSE when compared to those observed in control aortic rings. The present results demonstrated that HSE has a vasodilator effect in the isolated aortic rings of hypertensive rats. These effects are probably mediated through the endothelium-derived nitric oxide-cGMP-relaxant pathway and inhibition of calcium (Ca(2+))-influx into vascular smooth muscle cells. The present data further supports previous in vivo findings and the traditional use of HS as an anti-hypertensive agent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology
  18. Fulltext Dalbergiella welwitschia (Baker) Baker f. alkaloid-rich extracts attenuate liver damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
    Ajiboye BO, Dada S, Fatoba HO, Lawal OE, Oyeniran OH, Adetuyi OY, et al.
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2023 Dec;168:115681.
    PMID: 37837880 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115681
    This experiment was conducted to evaluate the Dalbergiella welwitschia alkaloid-rich extracts on liver damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hence, to induce diabetes, 45 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin was intraperitoneally injected into the Wistar rats. Subsequently, 5 % (w/v) of glucose water was given to the induced animals for 24 h. Thus, the animals (48) were grouped into five groups (n = 8), containing normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic rats placed on low (50 mg/kg body weight) and high (100 mg/kg body weight) doses of D. welwitschi alkaloid-rich leaf extracts (i.e. DWL and DWH respectively), and diabetic rats administered 200 mg/kg body weight of metformin (MET). The animals were sacrificed on the 21st day of the experiment, blood and liver were harvested, and different liver damage biomarkers were evaluated. The results obtained demonstrated that diabetic rats administered DWL, DWH and MET significantly (p  0.05) different when compared with NC. Also, diabetic rats administered DWL, DWH and MET revealed a significant (p  0.05) different when compared with NC. In addition, histological examination revealed that diabetic rats placed on DWL, DWH and MET normalized the hepatocytes. Consequently, it can be inferred that alkaloid-rich extracts from D. welwitschi leaf could be helpful in improving liver damage associated with diabetes mellitus rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/adverse effects
  19. Fulltext Standardized ethanol extract, essential oil and zerumbone of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome suppress phagocytic activity of human neutrophils
    Akhtar NMY, Jantan I, Arshad L, Haque MA
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2019 Nov 21;19(1):331.
    PMID: 31752812 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2748-5
    BACKGROUND: Zingiber zerumbet rhizome and its bioactive metabolites have previously been reported to exhibit innumerable pharmacological properties particularly anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, the 80% ethanol extract, essential oil and zerumbone of Z. zerumbet rhizomes were explored for their in vitro immunosuppressive properties on chemotaxis, CD11b/CD18 expression, phagocytosis and chemiluminescence of isolated human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).

    METHODS: The extract was analyzed quantitatively by performing a validated reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Zerumbone was isolated by chromatographic technique while the essential oil was acquired through hydro-distillation of the rhizomes and further analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-MS. Chemotaxis assay was assessed by using a 24-well cell migration assay kit, while CD18 integrin expression and phagocytic engulfment were measured using flow cytometry. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by applying lucigenin- and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assays.

    RESULTS: Zerumbone was found to be the most abundant compound in the extract (242.73 mg/g) and the oil (58.44%). Among the samples tested, the oil revealed the highest inhibition on cell migration with an IC50 value of 3.24 μg/mL. The extract, oil and zerumbone showed moderate inhibition of CD18 integrin expression in a dose-dependent trend. Z. zerumbet extract showed the highest inhibitory effect on phagocytic engulfment with percentage of phagocytizing cells of 55.43% for PMN. Zerumbone exhibited strong inhibitory activity on oxidative burst of zymosan- and PMA-stimulated neutrophils. Zerumbone remarkably inhibited extracellular ROS production in PMNs with an IC50 value of 17.36 μM which was comparable to that of aspirin.

    CONCLUSION: The strong inhibition on the phagocytosis of neutrophils by Z. zerumbet extract and its essential oil might be due the presence of its chemical components particularly zerumbone which was capable of impeding phagocytosis at different stages.

    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology
  20. Antimutagenic effects of aqueous fraction of Myristica fragrans (Houtt.) leaves on Salmonella typhimurium and Mus musculus
    Akinboro A, Bin Mohamed K, Asmawi MZ, Yekeen TA
    Acta Biochim. Pol., 2014;61(4):779-85.
    PMID: 25520963
    Natural plant extracts offer a promising hope in the prevention/treatment of cancer arising from genetic mutations. This study evaluated in vitro and in vivo mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of aqueous fraction of Myristica fragrans (AFMF) leaves on TA100 strain of Salmonella typhimurium and Mus musculus (Male Swiss albino mice), respectively. The antioxidant activity of AFMF against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined, followed by its phytochemical elucidation using the Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography technique (UPLC). The mutagenicity of AFMF at 4, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 µg/well was <2.0 in S. typhimurium and the induced micronucleated polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/kg were not significantly different from the negative control (p≥0.05). The mutagenic activity of benzo[a]pyrene and cyclophosphamide was significantly suppressed above 50.0% throughout the tested concentrations. Fifty percent of the free radicals from DPPH were scavenged by AFMF at 0.11 mg/ml. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of AFMF were 51.0 mg GAE/g and 27 mg QE/g, respectively. Rutin was elucidated by the UPLC technique, and thereby suspected to be the phytochemical responsible for the observed antimutagenic activity. Thus far, AFMF seems to contain a promising chemotherapeutic agent for the prevention of genetic damage that is crucial for cancer development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology*
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