Browse publications by year: 2016

  1. Che Daud AZ, Yau MK, Barnett F, Judd J, Jones RE, Muhammad Nawawi RF
    J Hand Ther, 2016 Jan-Mar;29(1):30-40.
    PMID: 26847318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2015.09.004
    STUDY DESIGN: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT).
    INTRODUCTION: Engagement in daily occupations and day to day activities helps to restore function in individuals with injured hands and provides a platform to practise selected occupations.
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a combination of Occupation Based Intervention (OBI) and Therapeutic Exercise (TE) compared to TE alone for the rehabilitation of hand injuries.
    METHOD: A single center RCT, parallel group was conducted at the Kuala Lumpur General Hospital (KLGH), Malaysia. Forty-six adult clients with hand injuries who consented to participate were randomly allocated to either the OBI + TE group or to the TE group.
    RESULTS: Following a ten week intervention program, statistical significance differences were found in DASH score (TE = 18.64 ± 14.84 vs OBI + TE = 9.50 ± 9.14, p = 0.02); total active motion (TE = 1035.85 ± 179.84 vs OBI + TE = 1203.65 ± 133.60, p = 0.01); neuropathic pain (TE = 2.90 ± 2.79 vs OBI + TE = 1.05 ± 2.01, p = 0.02); COPM performance (TE = 7.62 ± 2.03 vs OBI + TE = 9.53 ± 0.64, p < 0.001); and COPM satisfaction (TE = 7.60 ± 2.11 vs OBI + TE = 9.49 ± 0.76, p < 0.001) in favor of OBI + TE group.
    CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the integration of OBI into hand injury rehabilitation improved outcomes for clients.
    KEYWORDS: Exercise therapy; Hand injuries; Occupations; Randomized Controlled Trial
  2. Rawa MS, Fong MY, Lau YL
    Malar J, 2016;15:62.
    PMID: 26847346 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1127-7
    The Plasmodium rhoptry-associated protein 1 (RAP-1) plays a role in the formation of the parasitophorous vacuole following the parasite's invasion of red blood cells. Although there is some evidence that the protein is recognized by the host's immune system, study of Plasmodium falciparum RAP-1 (PfRAP-1) suggests that it is not under immune pressure. A previous study on five old (1953-1962) P. knowlesi strains suggested that RAP-1 has limited genetic polymorphism and might be under negative selection. In the present study, 30 recent P. knowlesi isolates were studied to obtain a better insight into the polymorphism and natural selection of PkRAP-1.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocytes; Immune System; Membrane Proteins; Parasites; Plasmodium; Plasmodium falciparum; Polymorphism, Genetic; Selection, Genetic; Vacuoles
  3. Leow AH, Lim YY, Liew WC, Goh KL
    Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 2016 Apr;43(7):831-7.
    PMID: 26847417 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13550
    Marked epidemiological changes in upper gastrointestinal diseases and Helicobacter pylori infection have taken place in the Asian Pacific region. In particular, differences with respect to race in the multiracial Asian population in Malaysia have been important and interesting.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/ethnology; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/microbiology; Duodenal Ulcer/diagnosis; Duodenal Ulcer/ethnology; Duodenal Ulcer/microbiology; Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis; Esophageal Neoplasms/ethnology; Esophageal Neoplasms/microbiology; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis*; Gastrointestinal Diseases/ethnology*; Gastrointestinal Diseases/microbiology; Humans; Malaysia/ethnology; Male; Middle Aged; Peptic Ulcer/diagnosis; Peptic Ulcer/ethnology; Peptic Ulcer/microbiology; Population Surveillance; Stomach Ulcer/diagnosis; Stomach Ulcer/ethnology; Stomach Ulcer/microbiology; Time Factors; Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification*; Helicobacter Infections/diagnosis*; Helicobacter Infections/ethnology*; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/ethnology*
  4. Jeyaprakasam NK, Razak MF, Ahmad NA, Santhanam J
    Mycopathologia, 2016 Jun;181(5-6):397-403.
    PMID: 26847667 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-9984-8
    Although non-sporulating molds (NSM) are frequently isolated from patients and have been recognized as agents of pulmonary disease, their clinical significance in cutaneous specimens is relatively unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify NSM and to determine the keratinolytic activity of isolates from cutaneous sites. NSM isolates from clinical specimens such as skin, nail, and body fluids were identified based on their ribosomal DNA sequences. Of 17 NSM isolates (7 Ascomycota, 10 Basidiomycota), eleven were identified to species level while five were identified to the genus level. These include Schizophyllum commune, a known human pathogen, Phoma multirostrata, a plant pathogen, and Perenniporia tephropora, a saprophyte. To determine fungal pathogenicity, keratinolytic activity, a major virulence factor, was evaluated ex vivo using human nail samples by measuring dye release from keratin azure, for NSM along with pathogens (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum canis and Fusarium spp.) and nonpathogenic (endophyte) fungi for comparison. This study showed that pathogenic fungi had the highest keratinolytic activity (7.13 ± 0.552 keratinase units) while the nonpathogenic endophytes had the lowest activity (2.37 ± 0.262 keratinase units). Keratinolytic activity of two Ascomycota NSM (Guignardia mangiferae and Hypoxylon sp.) and one Basidiomycota NSM (Fomitopsis cf. meliae) was equivalent to that of pathogenic fungi, while Xylaria feejeensis showed significantly higher activity (p 
    MeSH terms: Body Fluids/microbiology; Dermatomycoses/microbiology*; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics; DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry; Fungi/enzymology; Fungi/genetics; Fungi/isolation & purification*; Fungi/pathogenicity*; Humans; Nails/microbiology; Peptide Hydrolases/analysis*; Skin/microbiology; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Virulence Factors/analysis*
  5. Lai WX, Gan HM, Hudson AO, Savka MA
    Genome Announc, 2016;4(1).
    PMID: 26847900 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01695-15
    The whole-genome sequence of a new genospecies of Methylobacterium sp., named GXS13 and isolated from grapevine xylem sap, is reported and demonstrates potential for methylotrophy, cytokinin synthesis, and cell wall modification. In addition, biosynthetic gene clusters were identified for cupriachelin, carotenoid, and acyl-homoserine lactone using the antiSMASH server.
    MeSH terms: Carotenoids; Cell Wall; Cytokinins; Multigene Family; 4-Butyrolactone; Methylobacterium; Xylem; Acyl-Butyrolactones
  6. Mumm R, Hageman JA, Calingacion MN, de Vos RCH, Jonker HH, Erban A, et al.
    Metabolomics, 2016;12:38.
    PMID: 26848289 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-015-0925-1
    The quality of rice in terms not only of its nutritional value but also in terms of its aroma and flavour is becoming increasingly important in modern rice breeding where global targets are focused on both yield stability and grain quality. In the present paper we have exploited advanced, multi-platform metabolomics approaches to determine the biochemical differences in 31 rice varieties from a diverse range of genetic backgrounds and origin. All were grown under the specific local conditions for which they have been bred and all aspects of varietal identification and sample purity have been guaranteed by local experts from each country. Metabolomics analyses using 6 platforms have revealed the extent of biochemical differences (and similarities) between the chosen rice genotypes. Comparison of fragrant rice varieties showed a difference in the metabolic profiles of jasmine and basmati varieties. However with no consistent separation of the germplasm class. Storage of grains had a significant effect on the metabolome of both basmati and jasmine rice varieties but changes were different for the two rice types. This shows how metabolic changes may help prove a causal relationship with developing good quality in basmati rice or incurring quality loss in jasmine rice in aged grains. Such metabolomics approaches are leading to hypotheses on the potential links between grain quality attributes, biochemical composition and genotype in the context of breeding for improvement. With this knowledge we shall establish a stronger, evidence-based foundation upon which to build targeted strategies to support breeders in their quest for improved rice varieties.
  7. Asghar N, Naqvi SA, Hussain Z, Rasool N, Khan ZA, Shahzad SA, et al.
    Chem Cent J, 2016;10:5.
    PMID: 26848308 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0149-0
    Carica papaya is a well known medicinal plant used in the West and Asian countries to cope several diseases. Patients were advised to eat papaya fruit frequently during dengue fever epidemic in Pakistan by physicians. This study was conducted to establish Polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant potential profile of extracts of all major parts of the C. papaya with seven major solvents i.e. water, ethanol, methanol, n-butanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane.
  8. Lo TS, Cortes EFM, Wu PY, Tan YL, Al-Kharabsheh A, Pue LB
    Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2016 Mar;198:138-144.
    PMID: 26849040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.01.004
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sonologic and clinical outcome of collagen coated (CC) versus non-collagen coated (NC) anterior vaginal mesh (AVM) for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery.

    STUDY DESIGN: The study is a prospective observational study which included 122 patients who had symptomatic POP stage III and IV. AvaultaPlus™ (collagen coated, CC group) was compared to Perigee™ (non collagen coated, NC group). Introital ultrasound morphology, measure of neovascularization by color Doppler and clinical outcomes were assessed. Student t test was used for comparison of pre- and post-operation continuous data (p value of <0.05).

    RESULTS: A total of 110 (CC group=50, NC group=60) women completed the study. A woman in the CC group developed ureteral injury. Both groups had comparable morphologic and clinical outcomes however, the onset of changes in mesh thickness and neovascularization occurred earlier in the NC group (1 month) compared to the CC group (6 months to 1 year).

    CONCLUSION: CC group was comparable to the NC group in terms of erosion rate, ultrasound and clinical assessment. Collagen coating may induce delayed inflammatory response however may also delay tissue integration. The onset of changes in mesh thickness and neovascularization may give us an insight toward utilization of collagen coated mesh for host-tissue integration.

    MeSH terms: Aged; Collagen; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/methods*; Surgical Mesh*; Vagina/surgery*; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/methods*; Pelvic Organ Prolapse/surgery*
  9. Khachatryan V, Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Asilar E, Bergauer T, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2016 Jan 22;116(3):032301.
    PMID: 26849587 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.032301
    The production cross sections of the B^{+}, B^{0}, and B_{s}^{0} mesons, and of their charge conjugates, are measured via exclusive hadronic decays in p+Pb collisions at the center-of-mass energy sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02  TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data set used for this analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 34.6  nb^{-1}. The production cross sections are measured in the transverse momentum range between 10 and 60  GeV/c. No significant modification is observed compared to proton-proton perturbative QCD calculations scaled by the number of incoherent nucleon-nucleon collisions. These results provide a baseline for the study of in-medium b quark energy loss in Pb+Pb collisions.
    MeSH terms: Fatigue; Lead; Mesons; Motion; Protons; United States; Physical Phenomena; Nucleons
  10. Mu AK, Lim BK, Aminudin N, Hashim OH, Shuib AS
    Arch Physiol Biochem, 2016 Jul;122(3):111-6.
    PMID: 26849673 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2016.1151441
    Endometrial (ECa), ovarian (OCa) and cervical (CCa) cancers are among 10 of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. Cancers are known to cause some proteins to be differentially glycosylated or aberrantly excreted in the urine, which can be used as biomarkers. Since ECa, OCa and CCa are difficult to diagnose at the early stage, the aim of the present study was to identify a panel of new biomarkers for early detection of the cancers using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) technology. Identification of early biomarkers that are specific and efficient can increase the survival rate of the patients.
    MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Female; Glycosylation; Humans; Biomarkers; Survival Rate; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Early Detection of Cancer
  11. Sastu UR, Abdullah NR, Norahmad NA, Saat MN, Muniandy PK, Jelip J, et al.
    Malar J, 2016;15:63.
    PMID: 26850038 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-016-1109-9
    Malaria cases persist in some remote areas in Sabah and Sarawak despite the ongoing and largely successful malaria control programme conducted by the Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, Ministry Of Health, Malaysia. Point mutations in the genes that encode the two enzymes involved in the folate biosynthesis pathway, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) enzymes confer resistance to pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine respectively, in both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. The aim of the current study was to determine the mutation on both pvdhfr at codon 13, 33, 57, 58, 61, 117, and 173 and pvdhps genes at codon 383 and 553, which are potentially associated with resistance to pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine in P. vivax samples in Sabah.
    MeSH terms: Codon; Dihydropteroate Synthase; Folic Acid; Longitudinal Studies; Malaria; Malaysia; Mutation; Plasmodium falciparum; Pyrimethamine; Sulfadoxine; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; Malaria, Vivax; Point Mutation
  12. Rashidi Nodeh H, Wan Ibrahim WA, Ali I, Sanagi MM
    Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2016 May;23(10):9759-73.
    PMID: 26850098 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6137-z
    New-generation adsorbent, Fe3O4@SiO2/GO, was developed by modification of graphene oxide (GO) with silica-coated (SiO2) magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4). The synthesized adsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The developed adsorbent was used for the removal and simultaneous preconcentration of As(III) and As(V) from environmental waters prior to ICP-MS analysis. Fe3O4@SiO2/GO provided high adsorption capacities, i.e., 7.51 and 11.46 mg g(-1) for As(III) and As(V), respectively, at pH 4.0. Adsorption isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic were investigated for As(III) and As(V) adsorption. Preconcentration of As(III) and As(V) were studied using magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method at pH 9.0 as the adsorbent showed selective adsorption for As(III) only in pH range 7-10. MSPE using Fe3O4@SiO2/GO was developed with good linearities (0.05-2.0 ng mL(-1)) and high coefficient of determination (R (2) = 0.9992 and 0.9985) for As(III) and As(V), respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) (3× SD/m, n = 3) obtained were 7.9 pg mL(-1) for As(III) and 28.0 pg mL(-1) for As(V). The LOD obtained is 357-1265× lower than the WHO maximum permissible limit of 10.0 ng mL(-1). The developed MSPE method showed good relative recoveries (72.55-109.71 %) and good RSDs (0.1-4.3 %, n = 3) for spring water, lake, river, and tap water samples. The new-generation adsorbent can be used for the removal and simultaneous preconcentration of As(III) and As(V) from water samples successfully. The adsorbent removal for As(III) is better than As(V).
    MeSH terms: Adsorption; Arsenic/isolation & purification*; Graphite/chemistry*; Kinetics; Magnetics; Oxides/chemistry; Thermodynamics; Water Pollutants, Chemical/isolation & purification*; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Solid Phase Extraction/methods; Limit of Detection
  13. Chan EW, Lye PY, Wong SK
    Chin J Nat Med, 2016 Jan;14(1):17-30.
    PMID: 26850343 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1009.2016.00017
    The present review is aimed at providing a comprehensive summary on the botany, utility, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical trials of Morus alba (mulberry or sang shu). The mulberry foliage has remained the primary food for silkworms for centuries. Its leaves have also been used as animal feed for livestock and its fruits have been made into a variety of food products. With flavonoids as major constituents, mulberry leaves possess various biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, skin-whitening, cytotoxic, anti-diabetic, glucosidase inhibition, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and cognitive enhancement activities. Rich in anthocyanins and alkaloids, mulberry fruits have pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-obesity, and hepatoprotective activities. The root bark of mulberry, containing flavonoids, alkaloids and stilbenoids, has antimicrobial, skin-whitening, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-hyperlipidemic properties. Other pharmacological properties of M. alba include anti-platelet, anxiolytic, anti-asthmatic, anthelmintic, antidepressant, cardioprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. Clinical trials on the efficiency of M. alba extracts in reducing blood glucose and cholesterol levels and enhancing cognitive ability have been conducted. The phytochemistry and pharmacology of the different parts of the mulberry tree confer its traditional and current uses as fodder, food, cosmetics, and medicine. Overall, M. alba is a multi-functional plant with promising medicinal properties.
  14. Sidhu P, Shankargouda S, Dicksit DD, Mahdey HM, Muzaffar D, Arora S
    J Endod, 2016 Apr;42(4):622-5.
    PMID: 26850688 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.027
    INTRODUCTION: Use of mobile phone has been prohibited in many hospitals to prevent interference with medical devices. Electromagnetic radiation emitted from cellular phones might interfere with electronic working length determination. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of a smart phone (Samsung Galaxy Note Edge) on working length determination of electronic apex locators (EALs) Propex II and Rootor.

    METHODS: Fifteen intact, non-carious single-rooted teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction. Visually, working length was determined by using a #15 K-file under stereomicroscope (×20). The effect of cellular phones on electronic working length (EWL) was determined under 2 experimental settings: (1) in a closed room with poor signal strength and (2) in a polyclinic set up with good signal strength and 5 conditions: (1) electronically, without cellular phone in room; (2) electronically, with cellular phone in physical contact with EAL; (3) electronically, with mobile phone in physical contact with EAL and in calling mode for a period of 25 seconds; (4) electronically, mobile phone placed at a distance of 40 cm from the EAL; and (5) electronically, mobile phone placed at a distance of 40 cm and in calling mode for a period of 25 seconds. The EWL was measured 3 times per tooth under each condition. Stability of the readings was scored from 1 to 3: (1) good stability, (2) stable reading after 1 attempt, and (3) stable reading after 2 attempts. The data were compared by using analysis of variance.

    RESULTS: The EWL measurements were not influenced by the presence of cellular phone and could be determined under all experimental conditions.

    CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that mobile phones do not interfere with the EWL determination.

    MeSH terms: Dental Pulp Cavity; Electromagnetic Fields; Electronics, Medical/instrumentation*; Humans; Odontometry/instrumentation; Root Canal Preparation/instrumentation*; Tooth Apex/physiology; Cell Phones/instrumentation*; Electrical Equipment and Supplies; Electromagnetic Radiation
  15. Mohamed AF, Kristoffersson AN, Karvanen M, Nielsen EI, Cars O, Friberg LE
    J Antimicrob Chemother, 2016 May;71(5):1279-90.
    PMID: 26850719 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv488
    Combination therapy can be a strategy to ensure effective bacterial killing when treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium with high potential for developing resistance. The aim of this study was to develop a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model that describes the in vitro bacterial time-kill curves of colistin and meropenem alone and in combination for one WT and one meropenem-resistant strain of P. aeruginosa.
    MeSH terms: Colistin; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Thienamycins
  16. Siow SL, Sha HL, Wong CM
    BMC Infect Dis, 2016 Feb 05;16:68.
    PMID: 26850778 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1405-6
    BACKGROUND: Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon affliction in adolescence. It is usually associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The disease is caused by lymphohaematogenous spread after primary infection in the lung or ingestion of infected sputum and has a typically protean and nonspecific presentation. The occurrence of TB in an urachal remnant is probably from the contiguous spread of an abdominal focus or mesenteric lymph node. Urachal TB is a rare entity, with only two reported cases in the literature. We report here a case of clinically silent pulmonary and abdominal TB that manifested in the infection of an urachal sinus and highlight the role of laparoscopy in its diagnosis and treatment.

    CASE PRESENTATION: A 14-year-old boy presented to our institution with peri-umbilical swelling and purulent discharge from his umbilicus for 2 weeks duration. There were no radiological, microbiological or clinical evidences of TB in the initial presentation, though he had close social contact with someone who had TB. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen confirmed the diagnosis of an urachal abscess. An incision and drainage procedure was performed followed by a course of antibiotics. A scheduled laparoscopic approach later showed that the peritoneum and serosal surface of the small and large intestines were studded with nodules of variable sizes, in addition to the urachal sinus. The histology of the resected tissues (urachal sinus and nodules) was consistent of TB infection. He recovered fully after completing 6 months of anti-tuberculous therapy.

    CONCLUSION: This report highlights a rare case of TB urachal abscess in an adolescent boy, the difficulties in the diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis, the need to consider TB as a cause of urachal infection in endemic areas and the use of laparoscopy in both diagnosis and treatment.

    MeSH terms: Abdomen/microbiology*; Abdomen/pathology; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drainage/methods; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Male; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis/pathology*; Tuberculosis/surgery*; Umbilicus/microbiology*; Umbilicus/pathology; Abdominal Abscess/microbiology; Abdominal Abscess/pathology; Abdominal Abscess/surgery
  17. Che Musa MF, Bernabé E, Gallagher JE
    Int Dent J, 2016 Aug;66(4):229-36.
    PMID: 26850836 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12224
    INTRODUCTION: It is important to understand career expectations of emerging dental graduates if human resources are to be harnessed in support of oral health. The aims of this study were to explore students' career expectations and their perceived influences, and to examine variation according to student and school characteristics.

    METHODS: All final-year students registered for 2013/2014 across 11 dental schools in Malaysia were invited to participate in a self-administered questionnaire (n = 530). The instrument explored short- and long-term career expectations, influences and students' background using a mix of open- and closed-ended questions. The chi-square test was used for comparison according to student and school characteristics.

    RESULTS: Three-hundred and fifty-six (83%) students, across eight schools, completed the questionnaire. In the short term, undertaking specialist training (46%) was the most commonly cited career goal, and achieving financial stability (79%) was the greatest influence. In the long term, 59% planned to specialise (with a significant difference found according to ethnic group), and 67% considered working full-time, with men significantly more likely to do so than women (P = 0.036). More Malay students (90%) ranked childcare commitments as an important influence on the number of sessions they planned to work per week compared with Chinese students (75%) and Others (74%; P = 0.001). Work-life balance (95%) and high income/financial security (95%) were the main influences on respondents' long-term goals.

    CONCLUSION: There was a high level of interest in specialisation and a desire to achieve financial stability and work-life balance in the group of dental students who responded to the survey. Long-term career expectations varied according to student but not according to school characteristics.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Career Choice*; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Goals; Humans; Income; Malaysia; Male; Motivation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Specialization; Specialties, Dental*; Students, Dental/psychology*; Young Adult
  18. Marza AD, Jesse FF, Ahmed IM, Teik Chung EL, Ibrahim HH, Zamri-Saad M, et al.
    Microb Pathog, 2016 Apr;93:111-9.
    PMID: 26850845 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.01.025
    Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) is an acute, fatal, septicaemic disease of cattle and buffaloes caused by one of two specific serotypes of Pasteurella multocida B:2 and E:2 in Asian and African, respectively. It is well known that HS affect mainly the respiratory and digestive tracts. However, involvement of the nervous system in pathogenesis of HS has been reported in previous studies without details. In this study, nine buffalo calves of 8 months old were distributed into three groups. Animals of Group 1 and 2 were inoculated orally and subcutaneously with 10 ml of 1 × 10(12) cfu/ml of P. multocida B:2, respectively, while animals of Group 3 were inoculated orally with 10 ml of phosphate buffer saline as a control. All calves in Group 1 and Group 3 were euthanised after 504 h (21 day) post-infection, while calves in Group 2 had to euthanise after 12 h post-infection as they develop sever clinical signs of HS. Significant differences were found in Group 2 in the mean scores of clinical signs, gross and histopathological changes which mainly affect different anatomic regions of the nervous system. In addition, successful bacterial isolation of P. multocida B:2 were obtained from different sites of the nervous system. On the other hand, less sever, clinical, gross and histopathological changes were found in Group 1. These results provide for the first time strong evidence of involving of the nervous system in pathogenesis of HS, especially in the peracute stage of the disease.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Buffaloes; Cattle; Hemorrhagic Septicemia; Nervous System; Phosphates; Bison; Pasteurella multocida; Gastrointestinal Tract; Serogroup
  19. Mat-Nor MB, Md Ralib A, Abdulah NZ, Pickering JW
    J Crit Care, 2016 Jun;33:245-51.
    PMID: 26851139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.01.002
    PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to quantify the ability of procalcitonin (PCT) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) to differentiate noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis and to predict hospital mortality.

    MATERIALS: We recruited consecutively adult patients with SIRS admitted to an intensive care unit. They were divided into sepsis and noninfectious SIRS based on clinical assessment with or without positive cultures. Concentrations of PCT and IL-6 were measured daily over the first 3 days.

    RESULTS: A total of 239 patients were recruited, 164 (68.6%) had sepsis, and 68 (28.5%) died in hospital. The PCT levels were higher in sepsis compared with noninfectious SIRS throughout the 3-day period (P < .0001). On admission, PCT concentration was diagnostic of sepsis (area under the curve of 0.63 [0.55-0.71]), and IL-6 was predictive of mortality, (area under the curve of 0.70 [0.62-0.78]). Peak IL-6 concentration improved the risk assessment of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score for prediction of mortality among those who went on to die by an average of 5% and who did not die by 2%

    CONCLUSIONS: Procalcitonin measured on intensive care unit admission was diagnostic of sepsis, and IL-6 was predictive of mortality. Addition of IL-6 concentration to SOFA score improved risk assessment for prediction of mortality. Future studies should include clinical indices, for example, SOFA score, for prognostic evaluation of biomarkers.

    MeSH terms: Calcitonin/blood*; Female; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Prospective Studies; Cohort Studies; Biomarkers/blood*; Interleukin-6/blood*; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/blood; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis*; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/mortality; Sepsis/blood; Sepsis/diagnosis*; Sepsis/mortality; Organ Dysfunction Scores
  20. Dahlan ND, Gital YY
    Appl Ergon, 2016 May;54:169-76.
    PMID: 26851476 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.12.008
    The study was done to identify affective and sensory responses observed as a result of hysteresis effects in transient thermal conditions consisting of warm-neutral and neutral - warm performed in a quasi-experiment setting. Air-conditioned building interiors in hot-humid areas have resulted in thermal discomfort and health risks for people moving into and out of buildings. Reports have shown that the instantaneous change in air temperature can cause abrupt thermoregulation responses. Thermal sensation vote (TSV) and thermal comfort vote (TCV) assessments as a consequence of moving through spaces with distinct thermal conditions were conducted in an existing single-story office in a hot-humid microclimate, maintained at an air temperature 24 °C (± 0.5), relative humidity 51% (± 7), air velocity 0.5 m/s (± 0.5), and mean radiant temperature (MRT) 26.6 °C (± 1.2). The measured office is connected to a veranda that showed the following semi-outdoor temperatures: air temperature 35 °C (± 2.1), relative humidity 43% (± 7), air velocity 0.4 m/s (± 0.4), and MRT 36.4 °C (± 2.9). Subjective assessments from 36 college-aged participants consisting of thermal sensations, preferences and comfort votes were correlated against a steady state predicted mean vote (PMV) model. Local skin temperatures on the forehead and dorsal left hand were included to observe physiological responses due to thermal transition. TSV for veranda-office transition showed that no significant means difference with TSV office-veranda transition were found. However, TCV collected from warm-neutral (-0.24, ± 1.2) and neutral-warm (-0.72, ± 1.3) conditions revealed statistically significant mean differences (p < 0.05). Sensory and affective responses as a consequence of thermal transition after travel from warm-neutral-warm conditions did not replicate the hysteresis effects of brief, slightly cool, thermal sensations found in previous laboratory experiments. These findings also indicate that PMV is an acceptable alternative to predict thermal sensation immediately after a down-step thermal transition (≤ 1 min exposure duration) for people living in a hot-humid climate country.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Air Conditioning/adverse effects*; Air Conditioning/methods; Air Movements; Body Temperature Regulation/physiology; Emotions; Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Humidity; Male; Microclimate*; Surveys and Questionnaires; Skin Temperature; Thermosensing*; Tropical Climate*; Workplace/psychology*; Young Adult; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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