METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 750 participants in Wuxi, focusing on their perceptions of socioeconomic status, geographical location, health campaign quality, and vaccination convenience. The questionnaire was developed based on a literature review and expert input using the Delphi method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, reliability and validity tests, correlation analysis, and regression analysis, employing both SPSS and R software.
RESULTS: Socioeconomic status, geographic location, campaign quality, and accessibility all significantly influence vaccination behavior. Higher socioeconomic backgrounds, urban residency, better campaign quality, and greater accessibility to vaccination services are positively correlated with higher vaccination uptake. Regression analysis revealed that public health campaigns and accessibility are particularly influential in promoting vaccination behavior.
CONCLUSION: To improve vaccination rates, targeted strategies focusing on low socioeconomic groups, rural areas, and improving campaign quality and service accessibility are necessary. Public health campaigns should be clear, culturally relevant, and utilize multiple communication channels. Future research should address misinformation, explore behavioral economics, and integrate emerging technologies like AI to optimize vaccination efforts.
METHODS: This systematic review was accorded to the guideline of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Three electronic databases, namely PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library, were used to conduct a systematic search for eligible studies from their inception until July 18, 2023. PROSPERO registration number was No. CRD42023445968.
RESULTS: We initially identified 4,774 articles. After eliminating duplicates and irrelevant articles, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies revealed important aspects of the relationship between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. in dental caries. One significant finding is that Veillonella spp. can affect the acid production capacity of S. mutans. Some studies indicate that Veillonella spp. can inhibit the acid production by S. mutans, potentially reducing the cariogenic process. Another aspect is the competition for substrates. Veillonella spp. utilize lactic acid, which is a by product of S. mutans metabolism, as a source of carbon. This metabolic interaction may decrease the availability of lactic acid for S. mutans, potentially influencing its cariogenic potential.
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review highlights the emerging evidence on the interaction between S. mutans and Veillonella spp. in dental caries. The findings suggest that Veillonella spp. can modulate the acid production, and substrate competition of S. mutans, potentially influencing the cariogenic process.
METHOD: The study proposes a novel EEG-based classification approach, focusing on effective connectivity (EC) derived from resting-state EEG signals in combination with support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. EC estimation is performed using the partial directed coherence (PDC) technique. The analysis is conducted on an EEG dataset comprising 35 individuals with AUD and 35 healthy controls (HCs). The methodology evaluates the efficacy of connectivity features in distinguishing between AUD and HC and subsequently develops and assesses an EEG classification technique using EC matrices and SVM.
RESULT: The proposed methodology demonstrated promising performance, achieving a peak accuracy of 94.5% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.988, specifically using frequency bands 29, 36, 45, 46, and 52. Additionally, feature reduction techniques applied to the PDC adjacency matrices in the gamma band further improved classification outcomes. The SVM-based classification achieved an accuracy of 96.37 ± 0.45%, showcasing enhanced performance through the utilization of reduced PDC adjacency matrices.
DISCUSSION: These results highlight the potential of the developed algorithm as a robust diagnostic tool for AUD detection, enhancing precision beyond subjective methods. Incorporating EC features derived from EEG signals can inform tailored treatment strategies, contributing to improved management of AUD.
METHODS: Participants were 385 Chinese high school football players (228 boys; 157 girls; Mage = 16.07 years; SD = 1.15; range = 14-19 years) on 20 teams from 45 high schools using a proportional stratified random sampling method. Participants filled out previously validated questionnaires, including the Interpersonal Behaviors Questionnaire (IBQ), Subjective Task Value (STV), The Task and Ego Orientations Questionnaire (TEOSQ), and Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ). To address the hypothesis testing, this study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the proposed multiple mediation model.
RESULTS: The research results indicated that need-supportive coaching behavior had a significant direct (β = 0.121, Z = 3.667, p
METHODOLOGY: We report a case of a 43-year-old man who was admitted to our hospital for further management of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. During his stay in the ward, he received systemic corticosteroids for a total duration of 32 days. A broad-spectrum antibiotic (piperacillin-tazobactam) was also given due to copious amounts of tracheostomy secretions.
RESULTS: The patient's fever recurred following an afebrile interval of 11 days, and C. tropicalis was cultured from his blood. The yeast was highly resistant to fluconazole and voriconazole but remained susceptible to echinocandins. Unfortunately, the patient was unable to receive any echinocandin and eventually succumbed to candidemia.
CONCLUSIONS: Multilocus sequence typing was used to characterize C. tropicalis as a novel diploid sequence type (i.e., 1515) that has not been previously reported.
METHOD: A systematic search using PubMed and SCOPUS databases was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2023.
RESULTS: A total of 766 studies were identified, of which 20 studies (602 S individuals) met the inclusion criteria. Fourteen studies focussed on motor recovery while six on cognitive recovery. All studies reported interhemispheric FC to be strongly associated with motor and cognitive recovery. The preservation and changes of M1-M1 (eight incidences) and M1-SMA (nine incidences) FC were found to be strongly correlated with motor function improvement. For cognitive recovery, restoration and preservation of FC with and between default mode network (DMN)-related regions were important for the process.
CONCLUSIONS: This review identified specific patterns of FC that were consistently reported with recovery of motor and cognitive function. The findings may serve in refining future management strategies to enhance patient outcomes.
METHODS: This open-label, phase 2 study was conducted at 179 academic centres and community clinics in 17 countries. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 and advanced or metastatic EGFR-mutated NSCLC of any histology, with MET amplification by tissue biopsy fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH; MET gene copy number of ≥5 or MET-to-CEP7 ratio of ≥2) or liquid biopsy next-generation sequencing (MET plasma gene copy number of ≥2·3), following progression on first-line osimertinib. Patients received oral tepotinib 500 mg plus oral osimertinib 80 mg once daily. The primary endpoint was independently assessed objective response in patients with MET amplification by central FISH treated with tepotinib plus osimertinib with at least 9 months of follow-up. Safety was analysed in patients who received at least one study drug dose. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03940703 (enrolment complete).
FINDINGS: Between Feb 13, 2020, and Nov 4, 2022, 128 patients (74 [58%] female, 54 [42%] male) were enrolled and initiated tepotinib plus osimertinib. The primary activity analysis population included 98 patients with MET amplification confirmed by central FISH, previous first-line osimertinib and at least 9 months of follow-up (median 12·7 months [IQR 9·9-20·3]). The confirmed objective response rate was 50·0% (95% CI 39·7-60·3; 49 of 98 patients). The most common treatment-related grade 3 or worse adverse events were peripheral oedema (six [5%] of 128 patients), decreased appetite (five [4%]), prolonged electrocardiogram QT interval (five [4%]), and pneumonitis (four [3%]). Serious treatment-related adverse events were reported in 16 (13%) patients. Deaths of four (3%) patients were assessed as potentially related to either trial drug by the investigator due to pneumonitis (two [2%] patients), decreased platelet count (one [1%]), respiratory failure (one [1%]), and dyspnoea (one [1%]); one death was attributed to both pneumonitis and dyspnoea.
INTERPRETATION: Tepotinib plus osimertinib showed promising activity and acceptable safety in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC and MET amplification as a mechanism of resistance to first-line osimertinib, suggesting a potential chemotherapy-sparing oral targeted therapy option that should be further investigated.
FUNDING: Merck (CrossRef Funder ID: 10.13039/100009945).
METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from inception to 01/06/2023 for relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies of intervention (NRSI). The primary outcome was overall mortality. Random effect meta-analyses were conducted in RevMan 5.4.1. Study quality was evaluated using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. (PROSPERO: CRD42023389198).
RESULTS: Ten studies (2 RCTs and 8 NRSIs) with 481 patients were included. None had low risk of bias. Treatment using oXiris® was associated with reduced overall mortality (RR 0.78, 95%CI 0.62-0.98; p = 0.03; 6 NRSI). One RCT reported 28-day mortality, finding no significant difference between groups. Besides, pooled NRSIs results showed significant reductions in SOFA scores, norepinephrine dosage, and several inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein [CRP], lactate, and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) post oXiris® treatment. However, other clinical outcomes (ICU and hospital length of stay, mechanical ventilation duration) were similar between groups.
CONCLUSION: In critically ill patients, the use of oXiris® membrane was associated with reduced overall mortality, norepinephrine dosage, CRP, IL-6, lactate levels, along with improved organ function. However, the certainty of evidence was very low, necessitating high-quality RCTs to further evaluate its efficacy in this population.
METHODS: We analysed 24 children under 12 years old, all of whom met the criteria provided by the World Health Organization, 2020 for MIS-C diagnosis, from the Paediatric COVID-19 Registry in Kuwait (PCR-Q8). Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records, and exome sequencing was performed on the children and their parents to identify rare exonic variants. These variants were prioritized using two approaches: a candidate genes approach employing trio segregation analysis, and a candidate variants approach using a gene panel informed by previous studies on MIS-C-related genetic variants and datasets of differentially expressed genes in MIS-C patients.
RESULTS: The candidate genes approach identified 53 unique genes in 20 of the 24 probands, including DDX60 and TMEM154, which were also differentially expressed between MIS-C and control groups. The candidate variants approach identified 33 rare, predicted deleterious heterozygous variants across 19 unique genes in 19 of the 24 probands, including both previously described and novel candidate variants for MIS-C. Pathway analysis of the identified genes from both approaches revealed significant involvement in immune response, viral defence, and inflammatory pathways.
CONCLUSION: This study underscores the monogenic susceptibility to MIS-C, enhancing the evidence base through comprehensive genetic analysis. The findings highlight the critical role of genetic predispositions in MIS-C and suggest that further functional genomics work is necessary to explore the mechanistic contributions of these genes, facilitating the development of targeted diagnostic strategies.