Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 842 in total

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  1. Fulltext Fatigue onset through oxidative stress, dehydration and lactic acid accumulation and its in vivo study using experimental animals
    Hani Hafeeza Halim, Mohd Sabri Pak Dek, Azizah Abdul Hamid, Ahmad Haniff Jaafar
    Journal of Advanced Review on Scientific Research, 2017;35(1):1-12.
    MyJurnal
    Among athletes, endurance is one of the key elements to victory. In addition to
    training, athletes normally used supplement to prevent fatigue during the event. With
    prolonged and intense activity, our body started to experience decrease in muscle
    performance due to several factors such as oxidative stress, dehydration and
    accumulation of lactic acid in the body fluids. The free radicals generated during
    intense exercise will expose the cells to oxidative damages. In the event of
    dehydration, there will be significant losses of water and functional electrolytes during
    intense exercise which affected the body fluid balance. Fatigue will also occur during
    reduced oxygen in aerobic metabolism which later caused accumulation of lactic acid
    in the muscle. This will change the pH balance toward more acidic and caused the
    muscles to lose contractile efficiency. In addition, fatigue can also be studied using rats
    as model organism. Results from this activity can be useful to analyse cellular
    metabolism and physiology effects of the tested rats toward physical exercise.
    Therefore, this review aims to discuss the causes of fatigue through oxidative stress,
    dehydration and lactic acid accumulation. In addition, the effectiveness of using rats as
    a model system in measuring fatigue is also included in illustrating examples on fatigue
    assessment in vivo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress
  2. Fulltext Kaempferol ameliorates palmitate-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells through activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway
    Zhao L, Yang L, Ahmad K
    Hum Exp Toxicol, 2023;42:9603271221146780.
    PMID: 36607234 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221146780
    OBJECTIVES: Kaempferol (KMF), has beneficial effects against hepatic lipid accumulation. In this study, we aimed to investigate molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of KMF on lipid accumulation.

    METHODS: HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of KMF and 0.5 mM palmitate (PA) for 24  h. The mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism were evaluated using real-time PCR and western blot. The expression of Nrf2 was silenced using siRNA.

    RESULTS: Data indicated that KMF (20 μM) reversed PA-induced increased triglyceride (TG) levels and total lipid content. These effects were accompanied by down-regulation of the mRNA and protein levels of lipogenic genes (FAS, ACC and SREBP1), and up-regulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation (CPT-1, HADHα and PPARα). Kaempferol significantly decreased the levels of the oxidative stress markers (ROS and MDA) and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GPx in PA-challenged cells. Luciferase analysis showed that KMF increased the transactivation of Nrf2 in hepatocytes. The results also revealed that KMF-mediated activation of Nrf2 target genes was suppressed by Nrf2 siRNA. Furthermore, Nrf2 siRNA abolished the KMF-induced reduction in ROS and MDA levels in PA treated cells. In addition, the inhibitory effect of KMF on TG levels and the mRNA and protein levels of FAS, ACC and SREPB-1 were significantly abolished by Nrf2 inhibition. Nrf2 inhibition also suppressed the KMF-induced activation of genes involved in β oxidation (CPT-1 and PPAR-α).

    CONCLUSION: The results suggest that KMF protects HepG2 cells from PA-induced lipid accumulation via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress
  3. Fulltext MDMA and the Brain: A Short Review on the Role of Neurotransmitters in Neurotoxicity
    Mustafa NS, Bakar NHA, Mohamad N, Adnan LHM, Fauzi NFAM, Thoarlim A, et al.
    Basic Clin Neurosci, 2020 07 01;11(4):381-388.
    PMID: 33613876 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.485
    N-Methyl-3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA), or ecstasy is a recreational drug of abuse. It is a synthetic substance that affects the body's systems, which its mechanism of action and treatment should be more investigated. MDMA provides an immediate enjoyable feeling by stimulating the release of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin in the brain. Unfortunately, abnormal regulation of the brain neurotransmitters, as well as the increased oxidative stress causes damage to the brain neurons after the MDMA exposure. Only a few studies have been done regarding its treatment. Thus, the treatment of MDMA complications should be further explored mainly by targeting its mechanism of action in the neurotransmitter systems. Hence, this study presents a short review regarding the recent findings on the role of neurotransmitters to cause MDMA neurotoxicity. The results will be useful for future research in elucidating the potential treatment based on the targeted mechanisms to treat the neurotoxic effects of MDMA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress
  4. Fulltext Toxicity Evaluation of the Naphthalen-2-yl 3,5-Dinitrobenzoate: A Drug Candidate for Alzheimer Disease
    Anwar F, Saleem U, Rehman AU, Ahmad B, Froeyen M, Mirza MU, et al.
    Front Pharmacol, 2021;12:607026.
    PMID: 34040515 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.607026
    The presented study was designed to probe the toxicity potential of newly identified compound naphthalen-2-yl 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (SF1). Acute, subacute toxicity and teratogenicity studies were performed as per Organization of economic cooperation and development (OECD) 425, 407, and 414 test guidelines, respectively. An oral dose of 2000 mg/kg to rats for acute toxicity. Furthermore, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses were administered once daily for 28 days in subacute toxicity study. Teratogenicity study was performed with 40 mg/kg due to its excellent anti-Alzheimer results at this dose. SF1 induced a significant rise in Alkaline Phosphatases (ALP), bilirubin, white blood cells (WBC), and lymphocyte levels with a decrease in platelet count. Furthermore, the reduction in urea, uric acid, and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and an increase in total protein levels were measured in subacute toxicity. SF1 increased spermatogenesis at 5 and 10 mg/kg doses. Teratogenicity study depicted no resorptions, early abortions, cleft palate, spina bifida and any skeletal abnormalities in the fetuses. Oxidative stress markers (Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) were increased in all the experiments, whereas the effect on melanoaldehyde Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was variable. Histopathology further corroborated these results with no change in the architectures of selected organs. Consequently, a 2000 mg/kg dose of SF1 tends to induce minor liver dysfunction along with immunomodulation, and it is well below its LD
    50
    . Moreover, it can be safely used in pregnancy owing to its no detectable teratogenicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress
  5. Fulltext Effect of Berberis vulgaris L. root extract on ifosfamide-induced in vivo toxicity and in vitro cytotoxicity
    Ilyas S, Tabasum R, Iftikhar A, Nazir M, Hussain A, Hussain A, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2021 01 18;11(1):1708.
    PMID: 33462261 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80579-5
    Ifosfamide is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent having broad-spectrum efficacy against several tumors. However, nephro, hepato, neuro cardio, and hematological toxicities associated with ifosfamide render its use limited. These side effects could range from organ failure to life-threatening situations. The present study aimed to evaluate the attenuating efficiency of Berberis vulgaris root extract (BvRE), a potent nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and lipid-lowering agent, against ifosfamide-induced toxicities. The study design comprised eight groups of Swiss albino rats to assess different dose regimes of BvRE and ifosfamide. Biochemical analysis of serum (serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) along with complete blood count was performed. Kidney, liver, brain, and heart tissue homogenates were used to find malondialdehyde, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase levels in addition to the acetylcholinesterase of brain tissue. The results were further validated with the help of the histopathology of the selected organs. HeLa cells were used to assess the effect of BvRE on ifosfamide cytotoxicity in MTT assay. The results revealed that pre- and post-treatment regimens of BvRE, as well as the combination therapy exhibited marked protective effects against ifosfamide-induced nephro, hepato, neuro, and cardiotoxicity. Moreover, ifosfamide depicted a synergistic in vitro cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells in the presence of BvRE. These results corroborate that the combination therapy of ifosfamide with BvRE in cancer treatment can potentiate the anticancer effects of ifosfamide along with the amelioration of its conspicuous side effects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects
  6. Preconditioning as a potential strategy for the prevention of Parkinson's disease
    Golpich M, Rahmani B, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Dargahi L, Mohamed Z, Raymond AA, et al.
    Mol Neurobiol, 2015 Feb;51(1):313-30.
    PMID: 24696268 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8689-6
    Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by the progressive and massive loss of dopaminergic neurons by neuronal apoptosis in the substantia nigra pars compacta and depletion of dopamine in the striatum, which lead to pathological and clinical abnormalities. A numerous of cellular processes including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates are considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. A further understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of PD is crucial for developing effective diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic strategies to cure this devastating disorder. Preconditioning (PC) is assumed as a natural adaptive process whereby a subthreshold stimulus can promote protection against a subsequent lethal stimulus in the brain as well as in other tissues that affords robust brain tolerance facing neurodegenerative insults. Multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that preconditioning as a possible neuroprotective technique may reduce the neural deficits associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. Throughout the last few decades, a lot of efforts have been made to discover the molecular determinants involved in preconditioning-induced protective responses; although, the accurate mechanisms underlying this "tolerance" phenomenon are not fully understood in PD. In this review, we will summarize pathophysiology and current therapeutic approaches in PD and discuss about preconditioning in PD as a potential neuroprotective strategy. Also the role of gene reprogramming and mitochondrial biogenesis involved in the preconditioning-mediated neuroprotective events will be highlighted. Preconditioning may represent a promising therapeutic weapon to combat neurodegeneration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress
  7. Allium sativum mitigates oxidative damages induced by Microcystin-LR in heart and liver tissues of mice
    Ait Abderrahim L, Taibi K, Boussaid M, Al-Shara B, Ait Abderrahim N, Ait Abderrahim S
    Toxicon, 2021 Sep;200:30-37.
    PMID: 34217748 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.06.018
    Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxic cyanotoxins implicated in several incidents of human and animal toxicity. Microcystin-(Lysine, Arginine) or MC-LR is the most toxic and encountered variant of MCs where oxidative stress plays a key role in its toxicity. This study investigated the oxidative damages induced in the liver and heart of Balb/C mice by an intraperitoneal injected acute dose of MC-LR. Thereafter, the potential protective effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract supplementation against such damages was assessed through the evaluation of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity markers. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), carbonyl content (CC), glutathione content (GSH), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were measured. Results showed important oxidative damages in hepatic and cardiac cells of mice injected with the toxin. However, these damages have been significantly reduced in mice supplemented with garlic extract. Thus, this study demonstrated for the first time the effective use of garlic as an antioxidant agent against oxidative damages induced by MC-LR. As well, this study supports the use of garlic as a potential remedy against pathologies related to toxic agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress
  8. Fulltext Induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, MDA-MB231 cells, by ethanolic mango seed extract
    Abdullah AS, Mohammed AS, Rasedee A, Mirghani ME, Al-Qubaisi MS
    BMC Complement Altern Med, 2015;15:45.
    PMID: 25881293 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0575-x
    In this study, the effect of mango kernel extract in the induction of apoptosis of the breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell line was examined. This is an attempt to discover alternatives to current therapeutic regimes in the treatment of breast cancers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects*
  9. Fulltext Oxidative stress cytotoxicity induced by platinum-doped magnesia nanoparticles in cancer cells
    Al-Fahdawi MQ, Al-Doghachi FAJ, Abdullah QK, Hammad RT, Rasedee A, Ibrahim WN, et al.
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2021 Jun;138:111483.
    PMID: 33744756 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111483
    The aim of this study was to prepare, characterize, and determine the in vitro anticancer effects of platinum-doped magnesia (Pt/MgO) nanoparticles. The chemical compositions, functional groups, and size of nanoparticles were determined using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Pt/MgO nanoparticles were cuboid and in the nanosize range of 30-50 nm. The cytotoxicity of Pt/MgO nanoparticles was determined via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay on the human lung and colonic cancer cells (A549 and HT29 respectively) and normal human lung and colonic fibroblasts cells (MRC-5 and CCD-18Co repectively). The Pt/MgO nanoparticles were relatively innocuous to normal cells. Pt/MgO nanoparticles downregulated Bcl-2 and upregulated Bax and p53 tumor suppressor proteins in the cancer cells. Pt/MgO nanoparticles also induced production of reactive oxygen species, decreased cellular glutathione level, and increased lipid peroxidation. Thus, the anticancer effects of Pt/MgO nanoparticles were attributed to the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The study showed the potential of Pt/MgO nanoparticles as an anti-cancer compound.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects*; Oxidative Stress/physiology
  10. Characteristics of Chamaerops humilis L. var. humilis seed oil and study of the oxidative stability by blending with soybean oil
    Mokbli S, Sbihi HM, Nehdi IA, Romdhani-Younes M, Tan CP, Al-Resayes SI
    J Food Sci Technol, 2018 Jun;55(6):2170-2179.
    PMID: 29892118 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3134-x
    Herein we examine the characteristics of date seed oil extracted from Chamaerops humilis L. var. humilis seeds (HSO) cultivated in a gardening zone in Tunisia. Its physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, and thermal and antioxidant properties were evaluated and compared with those of seed oil from another variety of Chamaerops humilis. The results showed that HSO possessed higher contents of oleic (44%) and linoleic (20%) acids than the other seed oil. The total tocopherol and tocotrienol content was 88 mg/100 g oil, where α-tocotrienol (64%) was the major isomer. The total phenolic (91 μg/g oil) and flavonoid contents (18 μg/g oil) of the HSO were determined, and its antioxidant capacities, measured in terms of ABTS and DPPH radical-scavenging capacities, were 210 µM TEAC/g DW and 4.3 mM TEAC/g DW, respectively. The oxidative stability index (OSI) of the oil was 16 h at 110 °C. Furthermore, the OSI of soybean oil was significantly enhanced upon blending with HSO. HSO exhibited higher thermal stability than the other oils and significantly different thermal behavior. The determination of fatty acid composition, physicochemical properties, bioactive content, oxidative stability, and thermal behavior of HSO demonstrated that this renewable resource can be used for edible purposes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress
  11. Alterations of serum and saliva oxidative markers in patients with bronchial asthma
    Abboud MM, Al-Rawashde FA, Al-Zayadneh EM
    J Asthma, 2022 Nov;59(11):2154-2161.
    PMID: 34855555 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.2008426
    BACKGROUNDS: The development of asthma is highly affected by exposure to exogenous and endogenous oxidative molecules, but the impact of this exposure on the pathophysiology of asthma has received little attention.

    OBJECTIVES: Evaluating group of selective oxidative stress markers as a tool in the management of asthma disease.

    METHODS: In comparison with matched healthy controls, levels of the oxidant and antioxidant markers: lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA), Total glutathione (tGSH), Uric acid (UA), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Catalase (CAT) superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assessed in serum and saliva of different asthma groups.

    RESULTS: All oxidative markers in serum and saliva of asthma patients showed significant alterations from normal healthy controls (P  0.05).

    CONCLUSION: Determination of the oxidative markers GPx, CAT, UA in serum or saliva can distinguish asthma from healthy states. The serum levels of UA and TAC are highly effective in monitoring asthma severity, while the salivary GPx, CAT, UA, MDA are beneficial in the management of childhood asthma. Discrimination of the age factor between asthma groups can be achieved by testing GPx, SOD, TAC in serum.

    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/physiology
  12. Diallyl sulphide, a component of garlic, abrogates ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced oxidative stress and renal damage in rats
    Ansar S, Iqbal M, AlJameil N
    Hum Exp Toxicol, 2014 Dec;33(12):1209-16.
    PMID: 24596035 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114524237
    Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) induces tissue necrosis as a result of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and oxidative damage that leads to high incidence of renal carcinomas. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of diallyl sulphide (DAS) against Fe-NTA-induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 30 healthy male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each: (1) control, (2) DAS (200 mg kg(-1)), (3) Fe-NTA (9 g Fe kg(-1)), (4) DAS (100 mg kg(-1)) + Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe kg(-1)) and (5) DAS (200 mg kg(-1)) + Fe-NTA (9 mg Fe kg(-1)). Fe-NTA + DAS-treated groups were given DAS for a period of 1 week before Fe-NTA administration. The intraperitoneal administration of Fe-NTA enhanced blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels with reduction in levels of antioxidant enzymes. However, significant restoration of depleted renal glutathione and its dependent enzymes (glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase) was observed in DAS pretreated groups. DAS also attenuated Fe-NTA-induced increase in LPO, hydrogen peroxide generation and protein carbonyl formation (p < 0.05). The results indicate that DAS may be beneficial in ameliorating the Fe-NTA-induced renal oxidative damage in rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects*
  13. Vernodalin induces apoptosis through the activation of ROS/JNK pathway in human colon cancer cells
    Mohebali N, Pandurangan AK, Mustafa MR, Anandasadagopan SK, Alagumuthu T
    J Biochem Mol Toxicol, 2020 Dec;34(12):e22587.
    PMID: 32726518 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22587
    Colorectal cancer is one of the most leading death-causing cancers in the world. Vernodalin, a cytotoxic sesquiterpene, has been reported to possess anticancer properties against human breast cancer cells. We aimed to examine the anticancer mechanism of vernodalin on human colon cancer cells. Vernodalin was used on human colon cancer cells, HT-29 and HCT116. The cytotoxicity of vernodalin on human colon cancer cells was determined through in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. Small interfering RNA was used to analyze the cascade activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in HT-29, and HCT116 cells against vernodalin treatment. The protein expressions of caspase 3, Bcl-2, and Bax were examined through Western blot analysis. Immunoblot analysis on the JNK, ERK, and p38 MAPK pathways showed increased activation due to vernodalin treatment. It was proven from the JNK and p38 inhibition test that both pathways are significantly activated by vernodalin to induce apoptosis. Our results, collectively, showed the apoptosis-induced anticancer mechanism of vernodalin on human colon cancer cells that was mediated through the activation of JNK pathway and apoptotic regulator proteins. These results suggest that vernodalin could be developed as a potent chemotherapeutic agent for human colorectal cancer treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects
  14. Fulltext Prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of G6PD deficient blood donors in Terengganu and the effects of storage on their donated blood
    Hayati Mansor, Eusni Rahayu Mohd. Tohit, Faridah Idris, Alawiyah Abdul Rahman
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(2):126-134.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency causes red blood cell destruction due to oxi- dative stress. G6PD is essential for NADPH conversion; which is critical for glutathione reductase to prevent damage to cellular structures. In Malaysia, blood donors are not routinely screened for G6PD deficiency. We hypothesise that G6PD-deficient red blood cells are more likely to haemolyse during storage due to increased oxidative molecules. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among blood donors, describe their characteristics and to evaluate the effects of storage on G6PD-deficient donated blood. Methods: This study was conducted at selected mobile donation centres in Terengganu. Consented blood donors were screened for G6PD sta- tus using fluorescent spot tests (FST). G6PD enzyme activities were measured for donors who were G6PD deficient. Effects of storage on haemolysis from G6PD-deficient donors were compared with non G6PD-deficient group. Sixty ml of blood was collected from blood unit to transfer pouch for estimation of haemoglobin (Hb), plasma Hb, per- centage of haemolysis and plasma potassium. Serial sampling with a 7-day interval was done from Day 1 to Day 35. Statistical analysis was considered significant if p 0.05. Results: A total of 440 blood donors were screened and 12 male donors were found to be G6PD deficient by FST. Enzymatic activities were measured in 11 donors as one donor sample failed to be sent to the centre due to logistic problem. Their enzymatic activities ranged from 1.66-2.93 U/g Hb whereby 6 have severe deficiency and the other 5 were categorised as partial deficiency. Donors were asymp- tomatic for haemolytic episode. Serial sampling showed there was no significant difference of haemolytic parameters in blood units of G6PD-deficient donors as compared to control (p>0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of G6PD blood donors in Terengganu mobile centres was 2.7%. G6PD enzyme activities did not correlate with clinical symptoms. Haemolytic parameters were not affected in blood units which were G6PD-deficient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress
  15. Fulltext Noncytotoxic and Antitumour-Promoting Activities of Garcinia Acid Esters from Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders (Guttiferae)
    Mackeen MM, Mooi LY, Amran M, Mat N, Lajis NH, Ali AM
    Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:829814.
    PMID: 22685487 DOI: 10.1155/2012/829814
    The in vitro antitumour-promoting, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities of two ester derivatives of garcinia acid, that is, 2-(butoxycarbonylmethyl)-3-butoxycarbonyl-2-hydroxy-3-propanolide (1) and 1',1''-dibutyl methyl hydroxycitrate (2), that had been previously isolated from the fruits of Garcinia atroviridis Griff. ex T. Anders (Guttiferae), were examined. Based on the inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation, compound 1 (IC(50): 70 μM) showed much higher (8-fold) antitumour-promoting activity than compound 2 (IC(50): 560 μM). In addition, both compounds were nontoxic towards CEM-SS (human T-lymphoblastic leukemia) cells (CD(50): >100 μM), Raji (human B-lymphoblastoid) cells (CD(50): >600 μM), and brine shrimp (LD(50): >300 μM). Although the antitumour-promoting activity of compound 1 is moderate compared with the known antitumour promoter genistein, its non-toxicity suggests the potential of compound 1 and related structures as chemopreventive agents. The weak antioxidant activity displayed by both compounds also suggested that the primary antitumour-promoting mechanism of compound 1 did not involve oxidative-stress quenching.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress
  16. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a review of initiators and protective factors
    Ellulu MS, Patimah I, Khaza'ai H, Rahmat A, Abed Y, Ali F
    Inflammopharmacology, 2016 Feb;24(1):1-10.
    PMID: 26750181 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0255-y
    Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a collective term comprising of a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. These diseases are the largest cause of morbidity and premature death worldwide. Coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease (stroke) are the most frequently occurring diseases. The two major initiators involved in the development of atherosclerotic CVD are vascular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid oxidation. In atherosclerosis development, ROS is associated with rapid loss of anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic activities of the endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO(·)) resulting in endothelial dysfunction. In part involving activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, ROS have been involved in signaling cascades leading to vascular pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic gene expression. ROS is also a potent activator of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which indicate plaque destabilization and rupture. The second initiator involved in atherosclerotic CVD is the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Oxidation of LDL in vessel wall leads to an inflammatory cascade that activates atherogenic pathway leading to foam cell formation. The accumulation of foam cells leads to fatty streak formation, which is the earliest visible atherosclerotic lesion. In contrast, the cardiac sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a) and hepatic apolipoprotein E (apoE) expression can improve cardiovascular function. SERCA2a regulates the cardiac contractile function by lowering cytoplasmic calcium levels during relaxation, and affecting NO(·) action in vascular cells, while apoE is a critical ligand in the plasma clearance of triglyceride- and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/physiology
  17. The effect of dietary cricket meal (Gryllus bimaculatus) on growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, and haematological response of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
    Taufek NM, Aspani F, Muin H, Raji AA, Razak SA, Alias Z
    Fish Physiol Biochem, 2016 Aug;42(4):1143-55.
    PMID: 26886132 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0204-8
    This study was conducted to investigate the growth performance, biomarkers of oxidative stress, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as the haematological response of African catfish after being fed with fish feed containing different levels of cricket meal. The juvenile fish were assigned to three different treatments with isonitrogenous (35 %) and isoenergetic (19 kJ g(-1)) diets containing 100 % cricket meal (100 % CM), 75 % cricket meal (75 % CM), and 100 % fishmeal (100 % FM) as control groups for 7 weeks. The results indicated that a diet containing 100 % CM and 75 % CM improved growth performance in terms of body weight gain and specific growth rate, when compared to 100 % FM. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) did not differ significantly between all diets, but reduced FCR and increased PER were observed with a higher inclusion of cricket meal. A haematological examination of fish demonstrated no significant difference of red blood cells in all diets and white blood cells showed a significantly higher value in fishmeal-fed fish. On the other hand, haemoglobin and haematocrit significantly increased with increasing amounts of cricket meal in the diet. Antioxidant activity of CAT was higher in the 100 % CM group compared to fish fed other diets, whereas GST and SOD showed increasing trends with a higher incorporation of cricket, although insignificant differences were observed between all diets. These results suggest that cricket meal could be an alternative to fishmeal as a protein source in the African catfish diet.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress
  18. Expression of cytosolic and thiolated proteome of Musca domestica larvae under oxidative challenge
    Tan YH, Alias Z
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Sep 01;37(3):744-755.
    PMID: 33612787 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.744
    The study was aimed to investigate the expression of cytosolic and thiolated proteins of Musca domestica larvae under oxidative stress. Proteins from acute treatment of hydrogen peroxide (LC50 = 21.52% (v/v)) on 3rd stage larvae of housefly were extracted and purified using an activated Thiol Sepharose® for thiolated protein purification. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis was used for visualizing and analyzing expression of cytosolic and thiolated proteins. Protein spots with more than 5 fold of expression change were identified using liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The cytosolic proteins were actin, tropomyosin, ubiquitin, arginine kinase, pheromone binding protein/general odorant binding protein, and ATP: guanidino phosphotransferase. The thiolated proteins with more than 5 fold change in expression as an effect to the acute treatment were fructose bisphosphate aldolase, short chain dehydrogenase and lactate/malate dehydrogenase. The proteins identified in the study should provide vital information for future reference in oxidative stress defence and response occurring in houseflies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress
  19. Fulltext In vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective effect on ethanol-mediated liver damage of spray dried Vernonia amygdalina water extract
    Ho WY, Yeap S, Liang WS, Beh BK, Mohamad N, Alitheen NB
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2015 Jan;28(1):15-22.
    PMID: 25553678
    Vernonia amygdalina is a strong natural antioxidant that possessed various medicinal properties. In this study, the spray-dried water extract of V. amygdalina was evaluated for its in vitro antioxidant capacity and in vivo hepatoprotective effect against alcoholic-mediated liver damage. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of spray-dried V. amygdalina water extract were determined. Liver enzyme profiles, liver antioxidant level and nitric oxide level were evaluated in alcohol-induced liver injured mice or co-supplement with spray-dried V. amydalina. Water extract of spray-dried V. amygalina that contained phenolic content of 24.8±1.5 mg/g gallic acid equivalent and total flavonoid content of 25.7±1.3 mg/g catechin equivalent was able to inhibit 50% of xanthine and tyrosinase oxidation at 170 μg/ml and 2 mg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, extracts at both 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight were able to reduce the levels of Alanine transaminase (ALT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate transaminase (AST), triglyceride and total bilirubin content inthe alcohol-mediated liver injury in mice. Furthermore, it also helped to increase levels of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and reduce the levels of Nitric oxide (NO) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver of the treated mice. These resultssuggestedthat water extract of spray-dried V. amygdalina exhibited liver protective effect, which could be contributed by its antioxidant properties.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects*
  20. Cytoprotective effects of antioxidant supplementation on mesenchymal stem cell therapy
    Panahi M, Rahimi B, Rahimi G, Yew Low T, Saraygord-Afshari N, Alizadeh E
    J Cell Physiol, 2020 10;235(10):6462-6495.
    PMID: 32239727 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29660
    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are earmarked as perfect candidates for cell therapy and tissue engineering due to their capacity to differentiate into different cell types. However, their potential for application in regenerative medicine declines when the levels of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) increase from the physiological levels, a phenomenon which is at least inevitable in ex vivo cultures and air-exposed damaged tissues. Increased levels of RONS can alter the patterns of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation and inhibit proliferation, as well. Besides, oxidative stress enhances senescence and cell death, thus lowering the success rates of the MSC engraftment. Hence, in this review, we have selected some representatives of antioxidants and newly emerged nano antioxidants in three main categories, including chemical compounds, biometabolites, and protein precursors/proteins, which are proved to be effective in the treatment of MSCs. We will focus on how antioxidants can be applied to optimize the clinical usage of the MSCs and their associated signaling pathways. We have also reviewed several paralleled properties of some antioxidants and nano antioxidants which can be simultaneously used in real-time imaging, scaffolding techniques, and other applications in addition to their primary antioxidative function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oxidative Stress/drug effects
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