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Closed hollow bulb obturator--one-step fabrication: a clinical report

Buzayan MM, Ariffin YT, Yunus N

J Prosthodont, 2013 Oct;22(7):591-5.
PMID: 23551843 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12036

A method is described for the fabrication of a closed hollow bulb obturator prosthesis using a hard thermoforming splint material and heat-cured acrylic resin. The technique allowed the thickness of the thermoformed bulb to be optimized for weight reduction, while the autopolymerized seal area was covered in heat-cured acrylic resin, thus eliminating potential leakage and discoloration. This technique permits the obturator prosthesis to be processed to completion from the wax trial denture without additional laboratory investing, flasking, and processing.

Matched MeSH terms: Color
Co-treatment of landfill leachate and municipal wastewater using the ZELIAC/zeolite constructed wetland system

Mojiri A, Ziyang L, Tajuddin RM, Farraji H, Alifar N

J Environ Manage, 2016 Jan 15;166:124-30.
PMID: 26496842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.020

Constructed wetland (CW) is a low-cost alternative technology to treat wastewater. This study was conducted to co-treat landfill leachate and municipal wastewater by using a CW system. Typha domingensis was transplanted to CW, which contains two substrate layers of adsorbents, namely, ZELIAC and zeolite. Response surface methodology and central composite design have been utilized to analyze experimental data. Contact time (h) and leachate-to-wastewater mixing ratio (%; v/v) were considered as independent variables. Colour, COD, ammonia, nickel, and cadmium contents were used as dependent variables. At optimum contact time (50.2 h) and leachate-to-wastewater mixing ratio (20.0%), removal efficiencies of colour, COD, ammonia, nickel, and cadmium contents were 90.3%, 86.7%, 99.2%, 86.0%, and 87.1%, respectively. The accumulation of Ni and Cd in the roots and shoots of T. domingensis was also monitored. Translocation factor (TF) was >1 in several runs; thus, Typha is classified as a hyper-accumulator plant.

Matched MeSH terms: Color
Color, sensory and textural attributes of beef frankfurter, beef ham and meat-free sausage containing tomato pomace

Savadkoohi S, Hoogenkamp H, Shamsi K, Farahnaky A

Meat Sci, 2014 Aug;97(4):410-8.
PMID: 24769097 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.03.017

The present investigation focuses on the textural properties, sensory attributes and color changes of beef frankfurter, beef ham and meat-free sausage produced by different levels of bleached tomato pomace. The texture and color profile were performed using an instrumental texture analyzer and colorimeter. The findings indicated that tomato pomace-added sausages had higher water holding capacity (WHC) compared to that of commercial samples. The frankfurters containing 5 and 7% (w/w) tomato pomace had the highest redness (a*), chroma (C*) and color differences (ΔE) values, while the meat-free sausages containing 7% (w/w) tomato pomace had significant (p<0.05) values for lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*). Furthermore, there were no significant (p>0.05) color differences between beef ham samples (with and without tomato pomace). A significant progression in the textural hardness and chewiness of systems containing tomato pomace was observed as well as higher sensory scores by panelists. According to sensorial evaluations, bleached tomato pomace improved the consumer acceptability and preference.

Matched MeSH terms: Color*
Fulltext Colour Cues: Effects of Ipomoea Plant Extract on Culex quinquefasciatus Say Gravid Females in Choosing Oviposition Site

Zuharah WF, Thiagaletchumi M, Fadzly N

Trop Life Sci Res, 2016 Aug;27(2):91-102.
PMID: 27688853 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2016.27.2.7

The interaction between plants and insects is dynamic, and may favour either the plant or the insect. Plant chemicals are deeply implicated in this relationship and influence insect behaviour. Here, we investigated the oviposition behaviour response of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes based on the colour cues produced by Ipomoea cairica leaves extract. In this study, two sets of oviposition choice experiments were conducted: (1) single solution in a cage; and (2) multiple concentration solutions in a cage. In the single solution experiment, only 1 available oviposition site was offered to 5 gravid females and in the multiple concentration tests, 4 available oviposition sites were offered to 20 gravid females. The tested concentrations were set up at 100 mL of: (1) control (distilled water only); (2) 50 ppm; (3) 150 ppm; and (4) 300 ppm of I. cairica plant extracts. The highest concentration of 300 ppm appeared to show the highest intensity with the darkest colour followed by 150 ppm and 50 ppm concentrations. More gravid females were found drowned in the highest concentration, 300 ppm of acethonilic leaves extract, compared to 150 ppm and 50 ppm of the tested extract. No eggs were found in all tested solutions. The studied extract was found to effectively attract gravid Cx. quinquefasciatus females and subsequently cause mortality and inhibit egg deposition. The interference caused by the acethonilic extract of I. cairica on the oviposition activity of Cx. quinquefasciatus can result in better control of the vector insect.

Matched MeSH terms: Color
Colour and size influences plastic microbead underestimation, regardless of sediment grain size

Nel HA, Dalu T, Wasserman RJ, Hean JW

Sci Total Environ, 2019 Mar 10;655:567-570.
PMID: 30476836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.261

The quantification of microplastics in environmental samples often requires an observer to determine whether a particle is plastic or non-plastic, prior to further verification procedures. This implies that inconspicuous microplastics with a low natural detection may be underestimated. The present study aimed at assessing this underestimation, looking at how colour (white, green and blue), size (large; ~1000 μm and small; <400 μm) and grain size fraction may affect detection. Sediment treatments varying in grain size were inoculated with known quantities of low-density polyethylene microbeads extracted from commercially bought facial scrubs. These microbeads varied in colour and size. Once extracted using a density separation method microbeads were counted. An overall underestimation of 78.59% may be a result of observer error and/or technical error. More specifically, the results suggested that microbeads varying in colour and size have a different detection probability and that these microbead features are more important in underestimation likelihoods than grain sizes.

Matched MeSH terms: Color
Colour detection thresholds in faces and colour patches

Tan KW, Stephen ID

Perception, 2013;42(7):733-41.
PMID: 24344549

Human facial skin colour reflects individuals' underlying health (Stephen et al 2011 Evolution & Human Behavior 32 216-227); and enhanced facial skin CIELab b* (yellowness), a* (redness), and L* (lightness) are perceived as healthy (also Stephen et al 2009a International Journal of Primatology 30 845-857). Here, we examine Malaysian Chinese participants' detection thresholds for CIELab L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) colour changes in Asian, African, and Caucasian faces and skin coloured patches. Twelve face photos and three skin coloured patches were transformed to produce four pairs of images of each individual face and colour patch with different amounts of red, yellow, or lightness, from very subtle (deltaE = 1.2) to quite large differences (deltaE = 9.6). Participants were asked to decide which of sequentially displayed, paired same-face images or colour patches were lighter, redder, or yellower. Changes in facial redness, followed by changes in yellowness, were more easily discriminated than changes in luminance. However, visual sensitivity was not greater for redness and yellowness in nonface stimuli, suggesting red facial skin colour special salience. Participants were also significantly better at recognizing colour differences in own-race (Asian) and Caucasian faces than in African faces, suggesting the existence of cross-race effect in discriminating facial colours. Humans' colour vision may have been selected for skin colour signalling (Changizi et al 2006 Biology Letters 2 217-221), enabling individuals to perceive subtle changes in skin colour, reflecting health and emotional status.

Matched MeSH terms: Color*; Color Perception/physiology*
Colour removal from landfill leachate by coagulation and flocculation processes

Aziz HA, Alias S, Adlan MN, Faridah, Asaari AH, Zahari MS

Bioresour Technol, 2007 Jan;98(1):218-20.
PMID: 16386895

A study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of coagulation and flocculation processes for removing colour from a semi-aerobic landfill leachate from one of the landfill sites in Malaysia. Four types of coagulant namely aluminium (III) sulphate (alum), ferric (III) chloride, ferrous (II) sulphate and ferric (III) sulphate were studied using standard jar test apparatus. Results indicated that ferric chloride was superior to the other coagulants and removed 94% of colour at an optimum dose of 800 mg/l at pH 4. The effect of coagulant dosages on colour removal showed similar trend as for COD, turbidity and suspended solids. This suggested that colour in landfill leachate was mainly contributed by organic matters with some insoluble forms that exhibited turbidity and suspended solids readings. The results from this study suggested that ferric chloride could be a viable coagulant in managing colour problems associated with landfill leachate.

Matched MeSH terms: Color
Fulltext Colour vision deficiency among failed candidates for driving license in Sabah. [Abstract]

Azmi N, Yahya AN, Gilong HCS, Anne SJ, Ting RHY, Amil Bangsa NH, et al.

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020;3(101):11-12.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Good visual acuity (VA) coupled with the ability to discriminate colours and having a sufficiently wide field of view are factors needed for safe driving. This study aimed to determine the types of colour vision deficiency (CVD) among failed candidates for driving license and to identify the accuracy of the Road transport Department (RTD) screening tests in detecting those who have poor VA and CVD in Sabah.
Methods: A cross-sectional study on the patient’s records of all failed candidates for the driving license that were referred for further assessment by an optometrist. This study was conducted at eight hospitals in Sabah from March to June 2019. Basic demographic data, distance VA, Ishihara test and Farnsworth-Munsell D15 test were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the results. All subjects referred with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 0.3 LogMAR were included.
Results: A total of 73 subjects (79% males and 21% females), age range from 16 to 61 years (mean 29±13 years) were recruited. Bajau, Dusun, Bugis and Kadazan were the major ethnic among the subjects. Mean VA on attendance was 0.1 ± 0.19 LogMAR, while BCVA was 0.0 ± 0.07 LogMAR. Thirty-six subjects (49%) were found to have CVD. The prevalence of CVD was more in males than females (45% vs 4%). Most of the CVD were deutans (25%) followed by protans (22%), no findings of tritan CVD In this study, 37 subjects (51%) passed the Ishihara test. These were the false-positive error of the RTD screening tests.
Conclusions: Hereditary red-green perceptive disorder was the commonest CVD in Sabah. The severity of CVD was not been evaluated in this study because it is best evaluated using Hardy Rand and Rittler (HRR) test. The false-positive results might be because of technical error or unfamiliar of using computerized colour vision test, especially among elderly candidates. Visual field screening might be considered in the future to ensure safe driving.
Keywords:visual acuity (VA), colour vision deficiency (CVD), driving license
NMRR Research ID: NMRR-19-1785-48811

Matched MeSH terms: Color Vision Defects
Fulltext Colour vision of workers in the plastics industry

Kaur S, Mursyid A, Ariffin AE

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2004;1(1):25-30.
MyJurnal

A study was undertaken to determine the effect of polyethylene and polystyrene used in the manufacture of plastic items on colour perception. Colour vision was assessed using the Ishihara plates, panel 015 test and the Farnsworth Munsell 100-Hue test. Two factories were chosen at random. One factory (referred here as factory A) used virgin resin in pellet form (polyethylene) in the manufacturing of plastic containers to store consumer edible oil. The other factory (referred as factory B) used polystyrene to make plastic bags. A total of 39 healthy employees from factory A (mean age 26.4 :t 8.2 years) and 40 healthy employees from factory B (mean age 26.8 :t 9.6 years) were recruited in this study. A control group of 27 normal healthy subjects (mean age 27.4 :t 4.3 years) who were employees of UKM with no occupational involvement with petroleum derivatives were also recruited in this study and they performed the same colour vision tests. All subjects passed the Ishihara plates test showing that none of the subjects (employees of factory A and B, and control subjects) had a congenital red-green defect. All control subjects passed all of the colour vision tests whilst some employees of factories A and B failed the 015 and FM100 Hue tests. For employees from factory A results from the 015 test showed that 7 (17.9%) had a tritan (blue-yellow) type of defect and 1 (2.6%) had a complex type of defect. The FM 100 Hue results of factory A employees showed that 51.3% (n=20) had a complex type of defect. Total error scores (TES) calculated from the FM 100 Hue test revealed that employees from factory A had a statistically significant higher mean TES of 65.13:!: 48.31 compared to that of control subjects with a mean TES of 31.26:!: 14.93. For employees in factory B, 10 employees (25.0%) had a tritan (blue-yellow) type of defect and 2 (5.0%) had a complex type of defect. Results of the FM 100 Hue test showed that 4 employees (1.0%) had a tritan type of defect whereas 22 (55.0%) had a complex type of defect. Mean total error scores (TES) calculated from the FM 100 Hue test revealed that employees from factory B had a statistically significant higher mean TES of 71.54 :t 54.63 compared with that of control subjects with a mean TES of 31.26 :t. 14.93

The above results show that employees of the plastic factories studies are associated with a higher risk of acquiring colour vision defects as compared to normal subjects who are not engaged in the plastic manufacturing industry. This may have an implication towards the future retinal health of employees in petrod1emical-based industries.

Matched MeSH terms: Color Vision Defects; Color Perception; Color Perception Tests; Color Vision
Colour, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of some fruits dehydrated by a combination of different methods

Chong CH, Law CL, Figiel A, Wojdyło A, Oziembłowski M

Food Chem, 2013 Dec 15;141(4):3889-96.
PMID: 23993562 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.042

The objective of this study was to improve product quality of dehydrated fruits (apple, pear, papaya, mango) using combined drying techniques. This involved investigation of bioactivity, colour, and sensory assessment on colour of the dried products as well as the retention of the bio-active ingredients. The attributes of quality were compared in regard to the quality of dehydrated samples obtained from continuous heat pump (HP) drying technique. It was found that for apple, pear and mango the total colour change (ΔE) of samples dried using continuous heat pump (HP) or heat pump vacuum-microwave (HP/VM) methods was lower than of samples dried by other combined methods. However, for papaya, the lowest colour change exhibited by samples dried using hot air-cold air (HHC) method and the highest colour change was found for heat pump (HP) dehydrated samples. Sensory evaluation revealed that dehydrated pear with higher total colour change (ΔE) is more desirable because of its golden yellow appearance. In most cases the highest phenol content was found from fruits dried by HP/VM method. Judging from the quality findings on two important areas namely colour and bioactivity, it was found that combined drying method consisted of HP pre-drying followed by VM finish drying gave the best results for most dehydrated fruits studied in this work as the fruits contain first group of polyphenol compounds, which preferably requires low temperature followed by rapid drying strategy.

Matched MeSH terms: Color
Fulltext Colour, textural properties, cooking characteristics and fibre content of chicken patty added with oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju)

Wan Rosli, W.I., Solihah, M.A., Aishah, M., Nik Fakurudin, N.A., Mohsin, S.S.J.

International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(2):621-627.
MyJurnal

The optical and textural properties of chicken patty formulated with different level of grey oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju) at 0, 25 or 50% to replace chicken meat were investigated. The addition of up to 50% oyster mushroom to chicken patty formulations did not change colour a*(redness),compared with the control patty. Chicken patties containing oyster mushroom had lower L* value ranging from 51.02 – 52.65 compared to that of the control patty (57.86). All oyster mushroom-based patties had lower colour b*(yellowness) value compared to chicken patty without mushroom. The hardness of chicken patty decreased proportionally with the level of oyster mushroom. On the other hand, oyster mushroom-based patties were springier than the control patty. Chicken which was replaced with 25% of fresh mushroom, recorded the highest moisture retention (77.19%) and cooking yield (80.71%), respectively. However, replacement of 25% of oyster mushroom with chicken breast in chicken patty formulation was not change the moisture retention, fat retention and cooking yield compared to control patty. Chicken patty added with 50% ground oyster mushroom the highest concentration of total dietary fibre (TDF) at 4.90 g/100 g compared to chicken patty containing 25% of mushroom (3.40 g/100 g) and control (1.90 g/100 g). In summary, the addition of oyster mushroom in chicken patties has decreased the lightness, yellowness, hardness and chewiness while no changes were noted in the redness of the patties.

Matched MeSH terms: Color
Combined Spline and B-spline for an improved automatic skin lesion segmentation in dermoscopic images using optimal color channel

Abbas AA, Guo X, Tan WH, Jalab HA

J Med Syst, 2014 Aug;38(8):80.
PMID: 24957396 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-014-0080-7

In a computerized image analysis environment, the irregularity of a lesion border has been used to differentiate between malignant melanoma and other pigmented skin lesions. The accuracy of the automated lesion border detection is a significant step towards accurate classification at a later stage. In this paper, we propose the use of a combined Spline and B-spline in order to enhance the quality of dermoscopic images before segmentation. In this paper, morphological operations and median filter were used first to remove noise from the original image during pre-processing. Then we proceeded to adjust image RGB values to the optimal color channel (green channel). The combined Spline and B-spline method was subsequently adopted to enhance the image before segmentation. The lesion segmentation was completed based on threshold value empirically obtained using the optimal color channel. Finally, morphological operations were utilized to merge the smaller regions with the main lesion region. Improvement on the average segmentation accuracy was observed in the experimental results conducted on 70 dermoscopic images. The average accuracy of segmentation achieved in this paper was 97.21 % (where, the average sensitivity and specificity were 94 % and 98.05 % respectively).

Matched MeSH terms: Color*
Fulltext Comparative Distribution of Small Mammals Diversity in Protected and Non-Protected Area of Peninsular Malaysia

Julius William-Dee, Faisal Ali Anwarali Khan, Qhairil Rosli, Muhd Amsyari Morni, Isham Azhar, Lee Sim Lim, et al.

Trop Life Sci Res, 2019;30(2):1-18.
MyJurnal

Pembangunan yang semakin pesat di Malaysia telah meningkatkan bilangan aktiviti antropogenik, sekaligus menyebabkan kemerosotan alam sekitar. Ini menunjukkan bahawa perlunya inventori hidupan liar dan sumber alam sekitar dijalankan di dalam kawasan hutan yang sedia ada, untuk mempromosikan peningkatan yang seimbang dalam pelan pemuliharaan dan pengurusan yang sedia ada, terutamanya untuk haiwan yang terancam seperti spesies mamalia kecil. Kajian mamalia kecil telah dijalankan di Tasik Bera, Hutan Simpan Ulu Gombak, Pusat Konservasi Hidupan Liar Sungkai, Pulau Pinang, dan Taman Negeri Wang Kelian. Harp trap, mist net, cage trap dan pitfall trap telah dipasang untuk kajian. Spesies Rhinolophus affinis (N = 61) merupakan spesies yang paling banyak ditangkap, diikuti dengan R. Lepidus (N = 27). Manakala untuk mamalia kecil tidak terbang, species Leopoldamys sabanus merupakan spesies paling banyak (N = 33) diikuti dengan Maxomys rajah (N = 25) dan Tupaia glis (N = 22). Dua spesies cencurut, Suncus etruscus dan Crocidura monticola masing-masing telah ditangkap dengan jumlah satu individu bagi setiap satu spesies. Hutan Simpan Ulu Gombak merekodkan kepelbagaian spesies yang paling tinggi (H’ = 2.754), manakala Pulau Pinang merekodkan nilai yang paling rendah (H’ = 2.245). Senarai mamalia kecil yang telah direkodkan melalui kajian ini merupakan maklumat yang signifikan bagi tujuan pemantauan dan konservasi biodiversiti.

Matched MeSH terms: Color
Fulltext Comparative Study of The Yield and Physicochemical Properties of Collagen from Sea Cucumber (Holothuria scabra), Obtained through Dialysis and the Ultrafiltration Membrane

Saallah S, Roslan J, Julius FS, Saallah S, Mohamad Razali UH, Pindi W, et al.

Molecules, 2021 Apr 28;26(9).
PMID: 33924820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092564

Collagen was extracted from the body wall of sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra) using the pepsin-solubilized collagen method followed by isolation using dialysis and the ultrafiltration membrane. The yield and physicochemical properties of the collagen obtained from both isolation methods, denoted as D-PSC and UF-PSC, were compared. The ultrafiltration method affords a higher yield of collagen (11.39%) than that of the dialysis (5.15%). The isolated collagens have almost the same amino acid composition, while their functional groups, referred to as amide A, B, I, II, and III bands, were in accordance with commercial collagen, as verified by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The UV-Vis absorption peaks at 240 nm and 220 nm, respectively, indicated that the collagens produced are type-I collagen. The D-PSC showed interconnecting sheet-like fibrils, while the UF-PSC exhibited a flaky structure with flat-sheets arranged very close to each other. The higher yield and comparable physicochemical properties of the collagen obtained by ultrafiltration as compared with dialysis indicate that the membrane process has high potential to be used in large-scale collagen production for food and pharmaceutical applications.

Matched MeSH terms: Color
Comparison of LED and LASER Colonoscopy About Linked Color Imaging and Blue Laser/Light Imaging of Colorectal Tumors in a Multinational Study

Yoshida N, Draganov PV, John S, Neumann H, Rani RA, Hsu WH, et al.

Dig Dis Sci, 2023 Oct;68(10):3943-3952.
PMID: 37558800 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08057-2

INTRODUCTION: In light-emitting diode (LED) and LASER colonoscopy, linked color imaging (LCI) and blue light/laser imaging (BLI) are used for lesion detection and characterization worldwide. We analyzed the difference of LCI and BLI images of colorectal lesions between LED and LASER in a multinational study.
METHODS: We prospectively observed lesions with white light imaging (WLI), LCI, and BLI using both LED and LASER colonoscopies from January 2020 to August 2021. Images were graded by 27 endoscopists from nine countries using the polyp visibility score: 4 (excellent), 3 (good), 2 (fair), and 1 (poor) and the comparison score (LED better/similar/LASER better) for WLI/LCI/BLI images of each lesion.
RESULTS: Finally, 32 lesions (polyp size: 20.0 ± 15.2 mm) including 9 serrated lesions, 13 adenomas, and 10 T1 cancers were evaluated. The polyp visibility scores of LCI/WLI for international and Japan-expert endoscopists were 3.17 ± 0.73/3.17 ± 0.79 (p = 0.92) and 3.34 ± 0.78/2.84 ± 1.22 (p

Matched MeSH terms: Color
Comparison of mydriatic regimens used in screening for retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants with dark irides

Chew C, Rahman RA, Shafie SM, Mohamad Z

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 2005 6 28;42(3):166-73.
PMID: 15977870

PURPOSE: To determine the mydriatic regimen that provides optimal dilation of the pupil with minimal systemic side effects for screening of retinopathy of prematurity.
METHODS: This cross-sectional, randomized, double-masked clinical trial compared cyclopentolate 1% + phenylephrine 2.5%, tropicamide 1% + phenylephrine 2.5%, and a prepared combination of cyclopentolate 0.2% with phenylephrine 1% for pupillary dilation in preterm infants with dark irides. Thirteen infants were randomized to each regimen. Outcomes measured were pupillary dilation, heart rate, blood pressure, abdominal girth, and intolerance to feeds.
RESULTS: All three mydriatic regimens provided adequate pupillary dilation at 45 minutes, with dilation sustained at 60 minutes. There was a significant increase in mean blood pressure in the cyclopentolate 1% + phenylephrine 2.5% and the tropicamide 1% + phenylephrine 2.5% groups. Although there was no significant change of abdominal girth in any of the three groups, a total of eight patients developed intolerance to feeds; four (50%) of these infants were from the cyclopentolate 1% + phenylephrine 2.5% group.
CONCLUSION: The prepared combination of cyclopentolate 0.2% + phenylephrine 1% appears to be the mydriatic of choice for preterm infants with dark irides as it provided adequate pupillary dilation with the least systemic side effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Eye Color/drug effects*
Fulltext Comparison on testability of visual acuity, stereo acuity and colour vision tests between children with learning disabilities and children without learning disabilities in government primary schools

Abu Bakar NF, Chen AH

Indian J Ophthalmol, 2014 Feb;62(2):141-4.
PMID: 24008790 DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.116481

Children with learning disabilities might have difficulties to communicate effectively and give reliable responses as required in various visual function testing procedures.

Matched MeSH terms: Color Vision/physiology*
Complexity in financial asset returns: Evidence from the compass rose

Batten JA, Lucey BM, Peat M

Chaos, 2018 Dec;28(12):123109.
PMID: 30599539 DOI: 10.1063/1.5029226

The compass rose pattern in financial data may indicate the presence of a nonlinear, possibly chaotic, data generating mechanism. The analysis of three key financial asset and denoised returns, gold, the Great British Pound/US dollar spot exchange rate, and the Standard & Poor's 500 stock index, reveals that over four equivalent subperiods, from 1996 to 2015, the compass rose pattern changes. This finding provides an opportunity to establish how noise affects financial time series. We conclude that the compass rose pattern is unlikely the product of an underlying nonlinear structure, since there is evidence of nonlinearity in all time periods, even those where the compass rose pattern is not evident. Therefore, the compass rose patterns, seen in the denoised data, suggest that the presence of noise masks the underlying dynamics of the asset returns.

Matched MeSH terms: Color
Components in Flicker Detection

Kaur S, Kulikowski J

Sains Malaysiana, 1996;25.

This study was conducted to see if slow test presentations of 1 Hz was detected by the chromatic system and higher rates of flicker of 25 Hz, 33 Hz and 40 Hz were detected by the pure flicker system at lower and higher background luminances. Spectral sensitivity measurements were carried out using a 1.2 degree test spot presented at a rate of 1 Hz, 25 Hz, 33 Hz and 40 Hz on a white background. The background luminance used were 100 td, 250 td, 500 td, 750 td, 1000 td, 2500 td and 4000 td. The study showed that the detection of a 1 Hz test is possible by 2 mechanisms, the chromatic system at high background luminance and the achromatic and chromatic systems at low background luminance. In the case 25 Hz, it is not entirely detected by the 'pure flicker system' and the transient achromatic system might contribute in its detection. Flicker rates of 33 Hz and higher are detected by the pure flicker system.
Kajian ini dilakukan untuk melihat sama ada presentasi ujian secara perlahan iaitu 1 Hz dikesan oleh sistem kromatik dan ketipan pada kadar yang tinggi, iaitu 25 Hz, 33 Hz dan 40 Hz dikesan oleh sistem ketipan yang tutin pada luminans latar belakang rendah dan tinggi. Pengukuran sensitiviti spektral telah dijalankan dengan menggunakan satu cahaya ujian bulat berukuran 1.2 darjah yang dipersembahkan pada kadar 1 Hz, 25 Hz, 33 Hz dan 40 Hz pada latar belakang putih. Luminans latar belakang yang telah digunakan adalah 100 td, 250 td, 500 td, 750 td, 1000 td dan 4000 td. Kajian ini menunjukkan yang pengesanan ujian 1 Hz adalah melalui 2 mekanisma, mungkin sistem kromatik pada luminans latar belakang yang tinggi dan sistem akromatik dan kromatik pada luminans latar belakang yang rendah. Bagi 25 Hz pula, ia tidak secara keseluruhannya dikesan oleh sistem kelipan yang tutin dan mungkin sistem akromatik transien yang terlibat dalam pengesanannya. kadar ketipan 33 Hz dan lebih darinya adalah dikesan oleh sistem ketipan yang tulin.

Matched MeSH terms: Color
Fulltext Compositional analyses of white, brown and germinated forms of popular Malaysian rice to offer insight into the growing diet-related diseases

Abubakar B, Yakasai HM, Zawawi N, Ismail M

J Food Drug Anal, 2018 04;26(2):706-715.
PMID: 29567241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.06.010

Diet-related metabolic diseases, and especially obesity, are metabolic disorders with multifactorial aetiologies. Diet has been a cornerstone in both the aetiology and management of this metabolic disorders. Rice, a staple food for over half of the world's population, could be exploited as part of the solution to check this menace which has been skyrocketing in the last decade. The present study investigated nine forms of rice from three widely grown Malaysian rice cultivars for in vitro and in vivo (glycaemic index and load) properties that could translate clinically into a lower predisposition to diet-related diseases. The germinated brown forms of MRQ 74 and MR 84 rice cultivars had high amylose content percentages (25.7% and 25.0%), high relative percentage antioxidant scavenging abilities of 85.0% and 91.7%, relatively low glycaemic indices (67.6 and 64.3) and glycaemic load (32.3 and 30.1) values, and modest glucose uptake capabilities of 33.69% and 31.25%, respectively. The results show that all things being equal, rice cultivars that are germinated and high in amylose content when compared to their white and low amylose counterparts could translate into a lower predisposition to diet-related diseases from the dietary point of view in individuals who consume this cereal as a staple food.

Matched MeSH terms: Color

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