Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 2525 in total

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  1. A two-step method of cyclolinopeptide (linusorb) preparation from flaxseed cake via dry-screening
    Cai ZZ, Xu CX, Song ZL, Li JL, Zhang N, Zhao JH, et al.
    Food Chem, 2024 Aug 15;449:139243.
    PMID: 38608605 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139243
    Linusorbs (LO), cyclolinopeptides, are a group of cyclic hydrophobic peptides and considered a valuable by-product of flaxseed oil due to numerous health benefits. Currently applied acetone or methanol extraction could contaminate the feedstocks for further food-grade application. Using flaxseed cake as feedstock, this study established a practical method for preparing LO from pressed cake. Firstly, LO composition of 15 flaxseed cultivars was analyzed. Next, cold-pressed cake was milled and screened mechanically. The kernel and hull fractions were separated based on the disparity of their mechanical strength. Monitored by hyperspectral fluorescence, the LO-enriched kernel fraction separated from cold-pressed flaxseed cake was further used as feedstock for LO production. After ethanol extraction, partition, and precipitation, LOs were extracted from cold-pressed flaxseed cake with a purity of 91.4%. The proposed method could serve as feasible flaxseed cake valorization strategy and enable the preparation of other polar compounds such as flax lignan and mucilage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/isolation & purification; Plant Extracts/chemistry
  2. Fulltext Anti-Candida activity of Quercus infectoria gall extracts against Candida species
    Baharuddin NS, Abdullah H, Abdul Wahab WN
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2015 Jan-Mar;7(1):15-20.
    PMID: 25709331 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.148742
    Galls of Quercus infectoria have been traditionally used to treat common ailments, including yeast infections caused by Candida species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts
  3. Fulltext Abdominal obesity increased breast cancer risk
    Rabeta Mohd Salleh, Suzana Shahar, Fatimah Arshad, Ahmad Rohi Ghazali, Normah Haron, Nor Fadilah Rajab
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2007;5(2):17-28.
    MyJurnal
    Kajian kes-kawalan ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji hubungan adipositi dan komposisi tubuh terhadap risiko kanser payudara di kalangan 70 orang wanita yang baru didiagnos kanser payudara dan 138 orang kawalan. Parameter antropometri yang merangkumi tinggi, berat, ukuran pinggang dan ukuran pinggul dan aras glukosa darah berpuasa serta tekanan darah diukur di kalangan subjek. Komposisi tubuh ditentukan menggunakan analisis bioimpedans (Maltron 906). Hasil kajian menunjukkan Indeks Jisim Tubuh (?T) kumpulan kes adalah 26.0 ± 4.8 kg/m2 dan 25.3 ± 4.5 kg/m2 bagi kumpulan kawalan (p > 0.05). Seramai 71% subjek dari kumpulan kes dan 40% subjek kumpulan kawalan mengalami obesiti abdominal (ukurlilit pinggang 80 cm) [OR = 3.4 (95% CI =1.7-6.9] (p < 0.05). Wanita pra menopaus berisiko sebanyak empat kali untuk mendapat kanser payudara dengan [Adjusted OR = 4.3 (95% CI = 1.8-10.3)]. Peratus lemak tubuh adalah tinggi di kalangan kes (36.4 ± 4.7%) berbanding kawalan 35.3 ± 4.4% tetapi perbezaan ini adalah tidak signifikan. Jisim Tubuh Tanpa Lemak ?TTL) menunjukkan nilai min 38.8 ± 5.7 kg bagi kawalan dan 38.9 ± 5.5 kg pada kes. Korelasi positif yang lemah ditunjukkan di antara umur dan IJT (r = 0.179, p = 0.010), ukuran pinggang (r = 0.218, p = 0.002), nisbah pinggang-pinggul (NPR) (r = 0.233, p = 0.001) dan peratus lemak tubuh (r = 0.330, p = 0.000). Kesimpulannya, obesiti abdominal meningkatkan risiko kanser payudara, terutama di kalangan wanita pra menopaus. Obesiti jenis ini dan peratus lemak tubuh adalah meningkat dengan pertambahan usia. Adalah penting bagi wanita untuk mengekalkan ukuran pinggang yang sihat melalui gaya hidup sihat bagi mengurangkan risiko kanser payudara.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts
  4. Eugeniifoline, a Pentacyclic Indole Alkaloid from Leuconotis eugeniifolia, and Configurational Revision of Synthetic Eugeniifoline Isolated from a Diversity-Enhanced Extract
    Tan YS, Wong SK, Yong KT, Lim KH, Lim SH, Low YY
    J Nat Prod, 2023 Jan 27;86(1):232-236.
    PMID: 36651825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00731
    Eugeniifoline (1), a pentacyclic indole alkaloid with a five-membered ring E, was isolated for the first time as a natural product from the stem-bark extract of Leuconotis eugeniifolia. Eugeniifoline (1) was previously reported as a synthetic product from a diversity-enhanced extract, but with the configuration at C-21 reported as S (1a). The configuration at C-21 was revised to R as shown in 1, based on the NOE data, GIAO NMR calculations, and DP4+ probability analysis, as well as the TDDFT-ECD method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts
  5. [Studies on the flavonoid of Kumis-kuching (Orthosiphon stamineus Benth.) (author's transl)]
    Matsuura S, Kunii T, Iinuma M
    Yakugaku Zasshi, 1973 Nov;93(11):1517-9.
    PMID: 4798539
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/analysis
  6. Pulsed electric field assisted process for extraction of bioactive compounds from custard apple (Annona squamosa) leaves
    Ahmad Shiekh K, Odunayo Olatunde O, Zhang B, Huda N, Benjakul S
    Food Chem, 2021 Oct 15;359:129976.
    PMID: 33957326 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129976
    Impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) assisted process on preparation of custard apple leaf extract (CALE) using ethanol (70%, v/v) was studied. Different electric field strengths (2-6 kV/cm), pulse numbers (100-300 pulses) with specific energies (45-142 kJ/kg) for 2.5 to 5 min were implemented. Cell disintegration index was higher in CALE when PEF 6 kV/cm, 300 pulses, 142 kJ/kg for 5 min was applied. Extraction yield was higher (+5.2%) than the untreated counterpart (13.28%). Chlorophyll A and B contents were negligible in PEF pre-treated CALE. PEF improved radical scavenging activities assessed by DPPH, ABTS radical scavening activities and FRAP. The antibacterial properties of CALE against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were highest. Purpureacin 2 and rutin were abundant in PEF pre-treated CALE. Therefore PEF was the potential aid in augmenting extraction yield and bioactivities of the extract from custard apple leaves.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry*
  7. Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Piper as Anticancer Agents: A Review
    Woon CK, Ahmad FB, Zamakshshari NH
    Chem Biodivers, 2023 Sep;20(9):e202300166.
    PMID: 37515318 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300166
    Cancer has become the primary cause of death worldwide, and anticancer drugs are used to combat this disease. Synthesis of anticancer drugs has limited success due to adverse side effects has made compounds from natural products with minimal toxicity gain much popularity. Piper species are known to have a biological effect on human health. The biological activity is due to Piper species rich with active secondary metabolites that can combat most diseases, including cancer. This review will discuss the phytochemistry of Piper species and their anticancer activity. The identification and characterization of ten active metabolites isolated from Piper species were discussed in detail and their anticancer mechanism. These metabolites were mainly found could inhibit anticancer through caspase and P38/JNK pathways. The findings discussed in this review support the therapeutic potential of Piper species against cancer due to their rich source of active metabolites with demonstrated anticancer activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  8. Inducing antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in endophytic and endolichenic fungi by the use of light spectra treatments
    Gan PT, Lim YY, Ting ASY
    Arch Microbiol, 2023 Aug 11;205(9):304.
    PMID: 37566125 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03649-y
    The influence of light exposure on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of nine fungal isolates [Pseudopestalotiopsis theae (EF13), Fusarium solani (EF5), Xylaria venustula (PH22), Fusarium proliferatum (CCH), Colletotrichum boninese (PL9), Colletotrichum boninese (PL1), Colletotrichum boninese (OL2), Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (OL3) and Colletotrichum siamense (PL3)] were determined. The isolates were incubated in blue, red, green, yellow and white fluorescent light (12 h photoperiod of alternating light/dark). It was observed that green light induced higher total phenolic content (TPC) (2.96 ± 0.16 mg-30.71 ± 1.03 mg GAE/g) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in most isolates (4.82 ± 0.04-53.55 ± 4.33 mg GAE/g), whereas red light induced higher total flavonoid content (TFC) levels (1.14 ± 0.08-18.40 ± 1.12 mg QE/g). The crude extracts from most fungal cultures exposed to green and red lights were also notably more potent against the tested pathogens, as larger zones of inhibition (ZOI) (9.00 ± 1.00-38.30 ± 2.90 mm) and lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.0196-1.25 mg/mL) were achieved for antimicrobial effect. This study showed that light treatments are effective strategies in enhancing production of more potent antimicrobial compounds and valuable antioxidants from fungal isolates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology
  9. Oilseed meals into foods: an approach for the valorization of oilseed by-products
    Nevara GA, Giwa Ibrahim S, Syed Muhammad SK, Zawawi N, Mustapha NA, Karim R
    Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2023;63(23):6330-6343.
    PMID: 35089825 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2031092
    The excellent health benefits of oil extracted from seeds have increased its application in foods, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This trend leads to a growing research area on their by-products, oilseed meals, to minimize environmental and economic issues. Examples of these by-products are soybean, peanut, kenaf seed, hemp, sesame, and chia seed meals. It is well known that soybean meals have wide applications in food and non-food industries, while other seed meals are not well established. Most oilseed meals are rich in health beneficial compounds and are potential sources of plant protein, dietary fiber, and antioxidants. Many studies have reported on the valorization of these by-products into value-added food products such as bakery and meat products to increase their nutritional and functional properties. These efforts contribute to the sustainability, development of novel functional food and support the zero-waste concept for the environment. This review aims to provide information on the composition of selected oilseed meals from soybean, peanut, hemp, kenaf, sesame and chia seeds, their potential applications in the bakery, meat, beverage, pasta, and other food products, and to highlight the issues and challenges associated with the utilization of oilseed meals into various food products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts*
  10. Adsorption and desorption characteristics of flavonoids from white tea using macroporous adsorption resin
    Yang Y, Liang Q, Zhang B, Zhang J, Fan L, Kang J, et al.
    J Chromatogr A, 2024 Jan 25;1715:464621.
    PMID: 38198876 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464621
    White tea contains the highest flavonoids compared to other teas. While there have been numerous studies on the components of different tea varieties, research explicitly focusing on the flavonoid content of white tea remains scarce, making the need for a good flavonoid purification process for white tea even more important. This study compared the adsorption and desorption performance of five types of macroporous resins: D101, HP20, HPD500, DM301, and AB-8. Among the tested resins, AB-8 was selected based on its best adsorption and desorption performance to investigate the static adsorption kinetics and dynamic adsorption-desorption purification of white tea flavonoids. The optimal purification process was determined: adsorption temperature 25 °C, crude tea flavonoid extract pH 3, ethanol concentration 80 %, sample loading flow rate and eluent flow rate 1.5 BV/min, and eluent dosage 40 BV. The results indicated that the adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Under the above purification conditions, the purity of the total flavonoids in the purified white tea flavonoid increased from approximately 17.69 to 46.23 %, achieving a 2.61-fold improvement, indicating good purification results. The purified white tea flavonoid can be further used for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/chemistry
  11. Evaluation of antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory action of selenium nanoparticles mediated through aspalathus linearis - An in vitro study
    Giriprasad M, Mariraj I, Rajeshkumar S, Pradeep M, Santhoshkumar J
    Med J Malaysia, 2025 Jan;80(Suppl 1):29-36.
    PMID: 39773940
    INTRODUCTION: Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have drawn a lot of interest among researchers because of their distinct impact on antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory tests, antibacterial activity, and in the treatment of various diseases. A. linearis has shown great findings in biomedical applications because of its physio-chemical compounds such as Aspalathin, orientin, and isoorientin. The increasing demand for eco-friendly and sustainable nanomaterial synthesis has led to the development of green methods utilizing natural resources. The study's main objective is to synthesize green SeNPs using Aspalathus linearis and then test them for cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A UV-visible spectrophotometer and SEM were used to characterize the green synthesized SeNPs. The anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities of green synthesized SeNPs were measured using the alphaamylase inhibitory & beta-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay and the egg albumin, bovine serum albumin, and membrane stabilization assays. A test for the mortality of brine shrimp was used to determine the cytotoxic impact of SeNPs.

    RESULTS: A. linearis powder was used for the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles, which exhibited the highest peak at 440 nm when analyzed using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The In vitro anti-inflammatory effect of synthesized SeNPs was maximally inhibited by 44-83% in the bovine serum albumin assay 54-79% in the egg albumin assay, and 54-86% in the membrane stabilization assay compared with standard. The inhibition percentage of antidiabetic activity was found to be 50-86% in the alphaamylase assay and 49-85% in the beta-glucosidase assay when compared to standards at various concentrations. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity impact shows that 70% of brine shrimp were alive at the maximum fixation of 80 µg/mL.

    CONCLUSION: The SeNPs showed concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic action, and the green synthesized SeNPs demonstrated an excellent antiinflammatory and anti-diabetic agent. The brine shrimp lethality assay confirmed the SeNPs' biocompatible nature even at high concentrations with less toxicity. Hence the study may enhance SeNPs in developing inflammation drugs and can also be utilized in diabetes management.

    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology
  12. Fulltext PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROFILES OF TRAGIA SPECIES (FAMILY: EUPHORBIACEAE)
    Reddy BS, Rao NR, Vijeepallam K, Pandy V
    Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 2017;14(3):105-112.
    PMID: 28480421 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i3.11
    BACKGROUND: Tragia belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae which contains about 152 species. Interestingly, most of the earlier investigations have been done using only five Tragia species, namely, Tragia involucrata, Tragia cannabina, Tragia spathulata, Tragia plukenetii, and Tragia benthamii. The objective of the present review is to compile the phytochemical, pharmacological and biological studies of the selected five Tragia species reported in the literature.

    METHODS: The reported data/information was retrieved mainly from the online databases of PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Botanical Survey of India.

    RESULTS: The present review elaborated the phytochemical, pharmacological and biological properties of the selected five Tragia species obtained from recent literature.

    CONCLUSION: This review provides a basis for future investigation of Tragia species and, especially for those species that have not been explored for biological and pharmacological activities.

    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology*; Plant Extracts/chemistry
  13. Morinda citrifolia Linn. fruit extract mitigates heroin seeking behavior in mice
    Pandy V, Khan Y, Yarlagadda DP, Tatinada SP
    Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars), 2021;81(4):328-334.
    PMID: 35014982
    Methanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia unripe fruit (MMC) was tested against heroin addiction using a mouse modified runway model of drug‑seeking. Habituation sessions were carried out for 10 min/d for 3 days. On day 0, the total run time of each mouse was noted (the start box to goal box) during the preconditioning test. This was followed by the conditioning session (30 min), in which the animals were conditioned with escalating doses of heroin hydrochloride (5, 10, 20, 40 and 40 mg/kg) for 5 days upon entry into the goal box. On day 6, the run time of each mouse, from start to goal box, was recorded during the post conditioning test. Extinction trials were performed for the next 5 days, in which no drug/saline was injected upon goal box entry. On day 13, a priming dose of heroin (8 mg/kg) was given to reinstate drug seeking in the mice. MMC given as oral doses (1, 3 and 5 g/kg) dose‑dependently prolonged the run time to reach the goal box, indicating MMC attenuated heroin reinforcement. Moreover, MMC (5 g/kg) was found to reverse the heroin‑seeking on extinction trial 1 and 2. MMC was also found to reverse heroin‑induced reinstatement in mice. This study demonstrates that MMC attenuated heroin seeking at different phases of drug self‑administration in a mouse modified runway model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
  14. Fulltext Optimization of process parameters for fabrication of electrospun nanofibers containing neomycin sulfate and Malva sylvestris extract for a better diabetic wound healing
    Monirul Islam M, Hemmanahalli Ramesh V, Durga Bhavani P, Goudanavar PS, Naveen NR, Ramesh B, et al.
    Drug Deliv, 2022 Dec;29(1):3370-3383.
    PMID: 36404771 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2144963
    Diabetes mellitus is one of the most concerning conditions, and its chronic consequences are almost always accompanied by infection, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Reducing excessive reactive oxygen species and the wound's inflammatory response is a necessary treatment during the acute inflammatory phase of diabetic wound healing. Malva sylvestris extract (MS) containing nanofibers containing neomycin sulfate (NS) were synthesized for this investigation, and their impact on the healing process of diabetic wounds was assessed. Using Design Expert, the electrospinning process for the fabrication of NS nanofibers (NS-NF) was adjusted for applied voltage (X1), the distance between the needle's tip and the collector (X2), and the feed rate (X3) for attaining desired entrapment efficacy [EE] and average nanofiber diameter (ND). The optimal formulation can be prepared with 19.11 kV of voltage, 20 cm of distance, and a flow rate of 0.502 mL/h utilizing the desirability approach. All the selected parameters and responses have their impact on drug delivery from nanofibers. In addition, M. sylvestris extracts have been added into the optimal formulation [MS-NS-NF] and assessed for their surface morphology, tensile strength, water absorption potential, and in vitro drug release studies. The NS and MS delivery from MS-NS-NF has been extended for more than 60 h. M. sylvestris-loaded nanofibers demonstrated superior antibacterial activity compared to plain NS nanofibers. The scaffolds featured a broad aspect and a highly linked porous fibrous network structure. Histomorphometry study and the in vitro scratch assay demonstrate the formulation's efficacy in treating diabetic wound healing. The cells treated with MS-NS-NF in vivo demonstrated that wound dressings successfully reduced both acute and chronic inflammations. To improve the healing of diabetic wounds, MS-NS-NF may be regarded as an appropriate candidate for wound dressing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/chemistry
  15. Fulltext Ultrasonic-assisted extraction to enhance the recovery of bioactive phenolic compounds from Commiphora gileadensis leaves
    Bin Mokaizh AA, Nour AH, Kerboua K
    Ultrason Sonochem, 2024 May;105:106852.
    PMID: 38518410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106852
    The "ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE)" method was utilized in this work to assess how different process parameters affected the yield and recovery of phenolic compounds from the leaf of Commiphora gileadensis, which is one of the medicinal plants with a variety of biological functions. Its leaf is used for a various of therapeutic applications, such as the treatment of bacterial infections, inflammation, and wound healing. The "One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT)" approach was employed to examine the impacts of various UAE process parameters on the process of extraction, which include time of extraction, sample/solvent ratio, ultrasonic frequency, and solvent (ethanol) concentration. The extracts were then investigated for the presence of several phytochemicals using analytical techniques such as "Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS)" and "Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)" studies. The findings showed that the maximum extraction yield, the total phenolic content (TPC), and the total flavonoids content (TFC) of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. gileadensis using the UAE method were at 31.80 ± 0.41 %, 96.55 ± 2.81 mg GAE/g d.w. and 31.66 ± 2.01 mg QE/g d.w. accordingly under a procedure duration of 15 min, ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz, solvent/sample ratio of 1:20 g/mL, and solvent concentration of 40 % v/v. The leaves extract of C. gileadensis included 25 phenolic compounds that were previously unreported, and GC-MS analysis confirmed their presence. Hence, it follows that the UAE technique can successfully extract the phytochemicals from C. gileadensis for a variety of therapeutic uses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/isolation & purification; Plant Extracts/chemistry
  16. Therapeutic Potential of Nanocarrier-Mediated Delivery of Phytoconstituents for Wound Healing: Their Current Status and Future Perspective
    Kumar M, Keshwania P, Chopra S, Mahmood S, Bhatia A
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2023 Jul 20;24(6):155.
    PMID: 37468691 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02616-6
    The treatment of wounds is a serious problem all over the world and imposes a huge financial burden on each and every nation. For a long time, researchers have explored wound dressing that speeds up wound healing. Traditional wound dressing does not respond effectively to the wound-healing process as expected. Therapeutic active derived from plant extracts and extracted bioactive components have been employed in various regions of the globe since ancient times for the purpose of illness, prevention, and therapy. About 200 years ago, most medical treatments were based on herbal remedies. Especially in the West, the usage of herbal treatments began to wane in the 1960s as a result of the rise of allopathic medicine. In recent years, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in and demand for herbal medicines for a number of reasons, including claims about their efficacy, shifting consumer preferences toward natural medicines, high costs and negative side effects of modern medicines, and advancements in herbal medicines brought about by scientific research and technological innovation. The exploration of medicinal plants and their typical uses could potentially result in advanced pharmaceuticals that exhibit reduced adverse effects. This review aims to present an overview of the utilization of nanocarriers in plant-based therapeutics, including its current status, recent advancements, challenges, and future prospects. The objective is to equip researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the historical background, current state, and potential future developments in this emerging field. In light of this, the advantages of nanocarriers based delivery of natural wound healing treatments have been discussed, with a focus on nanofibers, nanoparticles, nano-emulsion, and nanogels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
  17. Fulltext Cardioprotective Effects of Vitex negundo: A Review of Bioactive Extracts and Compounds
    Nyamweya B, Rukshala D, Fernando N, de Silva R, Premawansa S, Handunnetti S
    J Evid Based Integr Med, 2023;28:2515690X231176622.
    PMID: 37279951 DOI: 10.1177/2515690X231176622
    There has been accumulating interest in the application of medicinal plants as alternative medicine to treat various diseases and/or to develop modern medicines. Vitex negundo is one of such medicinal plants that has been of interest to many researchers and has been of use in traditional medicine. V. negundo is found in Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Malaysia, India, China, The Philippines and East Africa. Therapeutic properties of V. negundo have previously been reviewed. Different parts, preparations and bioactive components of V. negundo possess potential protective and therapeutic effects against cardiovascular disease and related conditions as demonstrated in previous studies. We review the present state of scientific knowledge on the potential use of V. negundo and some of its bioactive components in protecting against cardiovascular diseases and related pathologies. Previous studies in animal and non-animal experimental models, although limited in number and vary in design, seem to support the cardioprotective effect of V. negundo and some of its active components. However, there is need for further preclinical and clinical studies to validate the use of V. negundo and its active constituents in protection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, since only a few V. negundo compounds have been evaluated, specific cardioprotective effects or mechanisms and possible side effects of other V. negundo compounds need to be extensively evaluated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
  18. A comprehensive review on Moringa oleifera nanoparticles: importance of polyphenols in nanoparticle synthesis, nanoparticle efficacy and their applications
    Perumalsamy H, Balusamy SR, Sukweenadhi J, Nag S, MubarakAli D, El-Agamy Farh M, et al.
    J Nanobiotechnology, 2024 Feb 19;22(1):71.
    PMID: 38373982 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02332-8
    Moringa oleifera is one of the popular functional foods that has been tremendously exploited for synthesis of a vast majority of metal nanoparticles (NPs). The diverse secondary metabolites present in this plant turn it into a green tool for synthesis of different NPs with various biological activities. In this review, we discussed different types of NPs including silver, gold, titanium oxide, iron oxide, and zinc oxide NPs produced from the extract of different parts of M. oleifera. Different parts of M. oleifera take a role as the reducing, stabilizing, capping agent, and depending on the source of extract, the color of solution changes within NP synthesis. We highlighted the role of polyphenols in the synthesis of NPs among major constituents of M. oleifera extract. The different synthesis methods that could lead to the formation of various sizes and shapes of NPs and play crucial role in biomedical application were critically discussed. We further debated the mechanism of interaction of NPs with various sizes and shapes with the cells, and further their clearance from the body. The application of NPs made from M. oleifera extract as anticancer, antimicrobial, wound healing, and water treatment agent were also discussed. Small NPs show better antimicrobial activity, while they can be easily cleared from the body through the kidney. In contrast, large NPs are taken by the mono nuclear phagocyte system (MPS) cells. In case of shape, the NPs with spherical shape penetrate into the bacteria, and show stronger antibacterial activity compared to the NPs with other shapes. Finally, this review aims to correlate the key characteristics of NPs made from M. oleifera extract, such as size and shape, to their interactions with the cells for designing and engineering them for bio-applications and especially for therapeutic purposes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/metabolism; Plant Extracts/pharmacology
  19. Fulltext Strobilanthes crispus elicits anti-tumor immunogenicity in in vitro and in vivo metastatic breast carcinoma
    Baraya YS, Wee CL, Mustapha Z, Wong KK, Yaacob NS
    PLoS One, 2022;17(8):e0271203.
    PMID: 35972917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271203
    Plant-based anticancer agents have the potential to stimulate the immune system to act against cancer cells. A standardized bioactive subfraction of the Malaysian herb, Strobilanthes crispus (L.) Blume (S. crispus) termed F3, demonstrates strong anticancer effects in both in vitro and in vivo models. The anticancer effects might be attributable to its immunomodulatory properties as S. crispus has been traditionally used to enhance the immune system. The current study examined whether F3 could stimulate anti-tumorigenic immunogenicity against 4T1 cells in vitro and in 4T1 cell-induced mammary carcinoma mouse model. We observed that F3 induced significant increase in MHC class I and class II molecules. CD4+, CD8+ and IL-2+ (p<0.05 for all) cells infiltration was also significantly increased in the breast tumor microenvironment of F3-treated mice compared with the tumors of untreated mice. The number of CD68+ macrophages was significantly lower in F3-treated mice. We conclude that the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of S. crispus involve strong infiltration of T cells in breast cancer potentially through increased tumor antigen presentation via MHC proteins, as well as reduction of infiltrating tumor-associated macrophages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/therapeutic use
  20. Fulltext Natural Clerodendrum-derived tick repellent: learning from Nepali culture
    Mazuecos L, Contreras M, Kasaija PD, Manandhar P, Grąźlewska W, Guisantes-Batan E, et al.
    Exp Appl Acarol, 2023 Jun;90(1-2):83-98.
    PMID: 37285111 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00804-4
    Ticks attaching to ear canals of humans and animals are the cause of otoacariasis, common in rural areas of Nepal. The plant Clerodendrum viscosum is used in multiple indigenous systems of medicine by ethnic communities in the Indo-Nepali-Malaysian region. Visiting the Chitwan National Park, we learned that in indigenous medicine, flower extract of C. viscosum is utilized to treat digestive disorders and extracts from leaves as tick repellent to prevent ticks from invading or to remove them from the ear canal. The objective of our study was to provide support to indigenous medicine by characterizing the in vivo effect of leave extracts on ticks under laboratory conditions and its phytochemical composition. We collected plant parts of C. viscosum (leaves and flowers) and mango (Mangifera indica) leaves at the Chitwan National Park, previously associated with repellent activity to characterize their effect on Ixodes ricinus ticks by in vivo bioassays. A Q-ToF high-resolution analysis (HPLC-ESI-QToF) was conducted to elucidate phenolic compounds with potential repellent activity. Clerodendrum viscosum and M. indica leaf extracts had the highest tick repellent efficacy (%E = 80-100%) with significant differences when compared to C. viscosum flowers extracts (%E = 20-60%) and phosphate-buffered saline. Phytochemicals with tick repellent function as caffeic acid, fumaric acid and p-coumaric acid glucoside were identified in C. viscosum leaf extracts by HPLC-ESI-QToF, but not in non-repellent flower extracts. These results support the Nepali indigenous medicine application of C. viscosum leaf extracts to repel ticks. Additional research is needed for the development of natural and green repellent formulations to reduce the risks associated with ticks resistant to acaricides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Plant Extracts/pharmacology; Plant Extracts/chemistry
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