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Fulltext γ-ray interference and emission probability selection in the determination of natural radionuclide concentration using γ-spectrometry

Omar, M.

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2009;2009(2):78-88.
MyJurnal

The interference of 235 U on 226 Ra concentration measured directly using the γ-ray energy of 186 keV and the interference of 228 Ac on the 40 K analysis by gamma-spectrometry system were highlighted and discussed. The interference of 235 U was demonstrated to be very significant, i.e. 45% of the 226 Ra concentration measured directly at 186 keV in natural samples containing uranium series in equilibrium. The interference of 228 Ac on 40 K concentration was particularly significant for samples containing high concentration of 228 Ac ( 228 Ra) such as radioactive minerals. Another important aspect discussed is the assignment of the right emission probability of the 583 keV and 2614 keV of the 208 Tl for the purpose of estimating the concentration of 232 Th or other radionuclides in the thorium series. Extra cautions are required in the interpretation of the measured 208 Tl concentration in samples of various natures. It is suggested that the emission probability used for 208 Tl be reported for comparison and verification.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Clay-polymer nanocomposites: Progress and challenges for use in sustainable water treatment

Mukhopadhyay R, Bhaduri D, Sarkar B, Rusmin R, Hou D, Khanam R, et al.

J Hazard Mater, 2020 02 05;383:121125.
PMID: 31541959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121125

Contaminant removal from water involves various technologies among which adsorption is considered to be simple, effective, economical, and sustainable. In recent years, nanocomposites prepared by combining clay minerals and polymers have emerged as a novel technology for cleaning contaminated water. Here, we provide an overview of various types of clay-polymer nanocomposites focusing on their synthesis processes, characteristics, and possible applications in water treatment. By evaluating various mechanisms and factors involved in the decontamination processes, we demonstrate that the nanocomposites can overcome the limitations of individual polymer and clay components such as poor specificity, pH dependence, particle size sensitivity, and low water wettability. We also discuss different regeneration and wastewater treatment options (e.g., membrane, coagulant, and barrier/columns) using clay-polymer nanocomposites. Finally, we provide an economic analysis of the use of these adsorbents and suggest future research directions.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Gypsum-Based Material for Dental Pulp Capping: Effect of Chitosan and BMP-2 on Physical, Mechanical, and Cellular Properties

Subhi H, Reza F, Husein A, Al Shehadat SA, Nurul AA

Int J Biomater, 2018;2018:3804293.
PMID: 30147725 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3804293

Effective pulp capping material must be biocompatible and have the ability to induce dentin bridge formation as well as having suitable physical and mechanical properties; however, many current materials do not satisfy the clinical requirements. This study aimed to assess the physical and mechanical properties of gypsum-based chitosan material (Gp-CT) and to evaluate its effects on cellular properties of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). The experimental material was prepared with different concentrations of chitosan (CT) with or without BMP-2. Then, setting time, compressive strength, and pH were determined. In addition, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and cell attachment were assessed. The setting time, compressive strength, and pH obtained were 4.1-6.6 min, 2.63-5.83 MPa, and 6.5-5.7, respectively. The cell viability to gypsum (Gp) with different CT concentrations was similar to that of the control on day 1 but statistically different from that of Gp alone on day 3. The ALP activity of SHED was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in CT- and BMP-2-containing materials than those in the control and Dycal at days 3 and 14. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image revealed that flattened cells were distributed across and adhered to the material surface. In conclusion, Gp-CT material shows promise as a potential material for direct pulp capping.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Yield and nutritional composition of oyster mushrooms: an alternative nutritional source for rural people

Mostak Ahmed, Noorlidah Abdullah, Nuruddin MM

Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:1609-1615.

In recent decades, minimizing the frequency of nutrient deficiency and malnutrition in rural areas of developing
countries becomes an alarming issue. Oyster mushrooms are rich source of both macro and micro nutrients. The
objective of this paper was to evaluate the yield of newly introduced oyster mushroom strains viz. Pleurotus sajorcaju
(PSC), Pleurotus flabellatus (FLB), Pleurotus florida (FLO), Pleurotus ostreatus (PO2
and PO3
), Pleurotus ostreatus
(HK-51) and Pleurotus geesteranus (PG1
and PG3
) and to justify their nutritional values when grown in the climatic
condition of Bangladesh. Strain HK-51 produced the highest amount of fresh sporophore (197.80 g). In contrast, the
highest number of fruiting body was obtained from the strain FLO (82 g) followed by strain PSC (69 g). Strain PG1 has
recorded the highest biological yield (278 g), productivity (55%) and biological efficiency (96%). Nutrient and mineral
analysis of sporophore of strain PG1 showed protein (31.80%), lipid (3.6%), potassium (1.3 mg/100 g), phosphorus
(0.8 mg/100 g), calcium (32 mg/100 g), iron (43 mg/100 g), magnesium (12 mg/100 g), copper (3.5 mcg/100 g), zinc
(12.5 mcg/100 g) and manganese (2.3 mcg/100 g). This study showed that the strain PG1
performed well with regard to
quality and productivity as compared to other strains. Hence, oyster mushroom strain PG1
is a potential cheap source
of nutrients and minerals to combat socioeconomic problems including malnutrition, diseases linked to malnutrition,
poverty reduction and agricultural diversity.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Total phenolic content and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the leaves and fruits of Garcinia atrovirdis and Cynometra cauliflora

Rabeta, M.S., Nur Faraniza, R.

International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(4):1691-1696.
MyJurnal

In this study, two types of plants materials were used namely Garcinia atrovirdis and Cynometra
cauliflora to determine the proximate composition, mineral content and antioxidant activities. Total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay had been used to determine antioxidant activity in both samples. The moisture, ash, fiber, fat, protein and carbohydrate content in both samples were determined by using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. Mineral content in the sample was determined using Atomic absorption spectrophotpmetry (AAS). The results showed higher TPC and FRAP values in Cynometra cauliflora compared to Garcinia atrovirdis. Methanol extractions gave higher TPC and FRAP values compared to water extraction. The results obtained indicated that both samples have the potential to be as a source of natural antioxidants. Further study should be conducted to explore the benefits of underutilized fruits not only in antioxidant activity but other usages as well.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Determination of mineral content in the ficus deltoidea leaves

Nihayah Mohammad, Yong, Kar Wei, Nur Faizah Abu Bakar

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2012;10(2):25-29.
MyJurnal

Ficus deltoidea leaves were widely used as a tea beverages in Malaysia with no information of its mineral content. Hence the mineral content of two species of Ficus deltoidea leaves were investigated. The dried leaves of F. deltoidea var. angustifolia and F. deltoidea var. deltoidea were acid digested and mineral elements of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Cr, Fe and Zn were determined using ICP–MS. Magnesium, potassium, sodium, manganese, iron and zinc were found to be present in the leaves of F. deltoidea var. angustifolia and F. deltoidea var. deltoidea. Concentration of magnesium (1934 mg/L), manganese (58.37 mg/L), iron (6.89 mg/L) and zinc (1.77 mg/L) in F. deltoidea var. deltoidea species were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in F. deltoidea var. angustifolia species with concentration of 317 mg/L, 29.62 mg/L, 4.55 mg/L and 1.26 mg/L for magnesium, manganese, iron and zinc respectively. Meanwhile, concentration of sodium in F. deltoidea var. deltoidea species (3.13 mg/L) was found to be significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the concentration in F. deltoidea var. angustifolia species (9.11 mg/L). The finding showed that the leaves of F. deltoidea var. deltoidea has higher nutritional value than the leaves of F. deltoidea var. angustifolia. Leaves of Ficus deltoidea especially the F. deltoidea var. deltoidea species contain high amount of magnesium, manganese and potassium. Therefore, tea made of this leaves can be served as a good source of minerals for human consumption.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Treatment Of Waste Engine Oil Using Optimized Acid/Clay Refining Method

Fathin Nadhirah Binti Kamal Ariffin, Yusilawati Ahmad Nor, Sarina Sulaiman, Nur Ayuni Jamal

Biological and Natural Resources Engineering Journal, 2019;2(2):37-48.
MyJurnal

This paper addresses the treatment of waste engine oils (WEO) by acid/clay refining method using glacial acetic acid. An optimization of the process parameters in terms of settling time, stirring speed and mixing temperature for treating the WEO was performed using Response Surface Methodology to improve the quality of treated lubricating oil. The quality of the treated WEO (Castrol brand) was evaluated in terms of viscosity index and flash point value. The treated fuel quality is found to have about 95% similarity to the fresh oil used as a standard at the settling time of 24 hours, temperature of 50 °C and mixing speed of 150 rpm. Analysis of variances (ANOVA) showed that settling time plays the most significant parameters of the process followed by the mixing temperature. Solid contaminants which were collected after the treatment were analyzed using SEM-EDS. They contained rough heteregenous shaped particles with elements such as carbon (97%), calcium (1.12%), zinc (0.74%), sulphur (0.73%) and phosphorus (0.29%). Then, four different brands of WEO (Liqui Moly, Castrol, Shell and Pennzoil) were treated at the optimized conditions to determine the feasibility of the method to treat any brands of WEO. It can be concluded that the optimized treatement method is suitable to treat most of WEO. The findings of this study provide the information on the best process condition for treating WEO as well as the solid contaminants present in it.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Effect of planting media on growth of pineapple CV. Madu seedlings by stem cutting technique

Mohd Miqdam Jubidin, Mohammed Selamat Madom, Nur Aainaa Hasbullah

Borneo Akademika, 2020;4(4):9-14.
MyJurnal

Generally, pineapple sucker is used as the main planting material for commercial cultivation
of pineapple. Pineapple sucker is usually obtained either from the stalk or the stem of a
pineapple plant. Research to study the effect of planting media using mineral soil as the main
component for the mixture on the growth of sucker by stem cutting technique was conducted. The objective of this research is to study the effects of mineral soil-based mixed planting
media on the growth of pineapple suckers produced cultivated via stem cutting of Madu
pineapple. The research was conducted at the Pineapple Nursery of the Faculty of Sustainable
Agriculture, UMS Sandakan, from March 2019 until September 2019. The treatments used in
this research were, soil as T1 (100%); Soil:coco peat as T2 (1:1,v/v); Soil:peat soil as T3
(1:1,v/v); Soil:sand as T4 (1:1,v/v). The data obtained showed there is a significant difference
in the number of a successfully germinated sucker. However, no significant difference was
detected for the sucker growth parameters. Planting media T3, soil: coco peat recorded the
highest number of successfully germinated suckers (12.25). Meanwhile, for growing media, suggested T2 soil: peat soil were recorded the highest for root length (15.53 cm), leaf number
(18.00), and stem diameter (2.18 cm) at 60 days after transplant (DAT).

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Ayam organik alternatif daging putih kepada pengguna untuk kesihatan yang lebih baik: satu tinjauan literatur

Jamilah Ismail, Norsuhana Abdul Hamid

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2011;9(2):35-43.
MyJurnal

Daging memainkan peranan penting dalam diet seseorang. Daging kaya dengan sumber protein, vitamin B12, vitamin D, asid lemak Omega 3 dan mineral seperti zink dan ferum. Walaupun daging membekalkan pelbagai keperluan nutrien yang diperlukan oleh tubuh, tetapi pengambilan daging juga boleh membawa kesan negatif kepada kesihatan. Oleh itu, di dalam artikel ini perbincangan akan menyentuh kepada risiko pengambilan daging merah kepada kesihatan. Pengambilan daging merah dalam kekerapan dan kuantiti yang tinggi boleh menyebabkan pelbagai penyakit antaranya seperti kanser dan kardiovaskular. Perbincangan juga di lakukan terhadap risiko pengambilan daging putih terhadap kesihatan. Pengambilan daging putih boleh mengundang pelbagai kesan negatif kepada kesihatan disebabkan oleh penggunaan hormon, antibiotik dan vaksin. Sebagai alternatif, daging ayam organik merupakan daging yang dicadangkan diambil oleh pengguna di dalam diet seharian. Prinsip penternakan ayam organik yang mementingkan sumber makanan ternakan tanpa penggunaan baja kimia dan racun perosak, aspek perumahan dan persekitaran yang mengutamakan kebajikan ternakan serta penjagaan kesihatan ternakan tanpa menggunakan hormon, antibiotik dan vaksin turut dibincangkan.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Physicochemical Properties, Nutritional Composition and Sensory Acceptance of Chicken Meat Sausages with Chia Seed Powder Substitution

Nurhani Fatihah Mohd Hanifah, Hanis Nadia Yahya, Norlelawati Arifin

Malaysian Journal of Science, Health & Technology, 2021;7(1):34-42.
MyJurnal

Chia seed has a high content of fibres and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Chia seed also holds numerous amounts of minerals and vitamins, including calcium and phosphorus. Chia seed offers a great potential of gel-forming ability and good water and oil holding capacities. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of chia seed powder substitution in chicken meat sausage formulations on the physicochemical characteristics and sensory acceptance. In the study, the chicken meat sausages were produced in four formulations; sample A as the control (100% chicken meat), sample B (5% substitution of chia seed powder to chicken meat), sample C (10% substitution of chia seed powder to chicken meat) and sample D (15% substitution of chia seed powder to chicken meat). The sausages were analysed for colour, texture, water holding capacity, cooking loss, proximate analysis, crude fibre content, and sensory acceptability. As for the findings, the substitution of chia seed powder resulted in low ‘L’ values of chicken meat sausage due to the dark colour of the chia seed. On the other hand, chia seed powder's substitution decreased the hardness and cohesiveness values. However, it increased the adhesiveness, springiness, and chewiness. Water holding capacity and a cooking loss percentage of the chicken meat sausages with chia seed powder substitution were observed to improve compared to control sausage (100% chicken meat), resulting in juicier sausages. The chia seed powder substitution increased the carbohydrate, ash, fat, and fibre contents for the chemical composition. On a 9-point hedonic scale, sample B (5% chia seed powder substitution) exhibited the highest sensory scores in all attributes evaluated (colour, texture, taste, juiciness, and overall acceptance). Thus, it can be concluded that chia seed powder can be substituted in chicken meat sausage to produce better quality products.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Mineral and physichocemical characterization of cockle (Anadara granosa) shells as an alternative biomaterial for bone tissue engineering

Hazmi AJ, Zuki AB, Noordin MM, Jalila A, Norimah Y

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:93-4.
PMID: 19025000

This study was conducted based on the hypothesis that mineral and physicochemical properties of cockle shells similarly resemble the properties of corals (Porites sp.). Hence, the mineral and physicochemical evaluations of cockle shells were conducted to support the aforementioned hypothesis. The results indicated that cockle shells and coral exoskeleton shared similar mineral and physicochemical properties.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Effect of germination on total dietary fibre and total sugar in selected legumes

Megat, R.M.R., Azrina, A., Norhaizan, M.E.

International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(1):257-261.
MyJurnal

Legume is a plant in the family of Fabaceae (or Leguminosae) that is cultivated and consumed
throughout the world. Legume’s role in human health appears to be limited because of several
limiting factors such as low protein and starch digestibility, poor mineral bioavailability and
high antinutritional factors. Germination is defined as a process that occurs during seed growth
that starts with uptake of water until the emergence of radicle through the surrounding structure.
It has been suggested that germination is a cheaper and more effective technology that can
improve the quality of legumes by increasing their nutritional value. This study was conducted
to compare changes in dietary fibre and total sugar compositions after germination process in
kidney, mung, soy beans and peanuts. Total dietary fibre was found to be significantly increased
(p

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology properties of Strobilanthes crispus

Nurraihana, H., Norfarizan-Hanoon, N.A.

International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(5):2045-2056.
MyJurnal

Strobilanthes crispus (S. crispus) is an herbal medicine plant which is native to countries from Madagascar to Indonesia. The plants contained high amount of mineral content and vitamin C, B1 and B2. This plant are used in medicinal and to treat a variety of ailments in the various traditional systems of medicine. Phytochemical investigations have revealed that the plant contain polyphenols, flavonoids, catechins, alkaloids, caffeine, tannins, compounds known to possess multiple health beneficial effects. Preclinical studies have shown that the plant possess antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, wound healing and antiulcerogenic activities. This review presents the comprehensive overview of phytochemical constituents, pharmacological and toxicological properties of S. crispus and to provide preliminary information for future research and for commercial exploitation.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of green banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla cv. Awak) flour

Haslinda WH, Cheng LH, Chong LC, Noor Aziah AA

Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2009;60 Suppl 4:232-9.
PMID: 19449278 DOI: 10.1080/09637480902915525

Flour was prepared from peeled and unpeeled banana Awak ABB. Samples prepared were subjected to analysis for determination of chemical composition, mineral, dietary fibre, starch and total phenolics content, antioxidant activity and pasting properties. In general, flour prepared from unpeeled banana was found to show enhanced nutrition values with higher contents of mineral, dietary fibre and total phenolics. Hence, flour fortified with peel showed relatively higher antioxidant activity. On the other hand, better pasting properties were shown when banana flour was blended with peel. It was found that a relatively lower pasting temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity and setback were evident in a sample blended with peel.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals/analysis
Isolation and characterization of bacteria degrading Sumandak and South Angsi Oils

Ainon Hamzah, Amir Rabu, Raja Farzarul Hanim Raja Azmy, Noor Ainni Yussoff

Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39:161-168.

Four species of bacteria, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida, were isolated from soil contaminated with hydrocarbons and selected for the determination of growth requirements and the ability to degrade petroleum hydrocarbon. The bacteria were grown in mineral salt medium (MSM) supplemented with two types of crude oil, either Sumandak or South Angsi at 1% (v/v) concentration. The optimum pH for growth of A. hydrophila and P. aeruginosa was 6.5 when grown with Sumandak and South Angsi oil. For A. lwoffii and P. putida the optimum pH for growth with Sumandak and South Angsi oil was 6.5 or 7.0, respectively. The growth of P. aeruginosa was the highest in MSM when supplemented with 1% South Angsi oil and 0.5% tryptone at pH 6.5 while, in Sumandak oil the growth was the highest when yeast extract was added. Gas chromatography analysis showed that the South Angsi crude oil components of C12 to C25 were more extensively degraded by A. lwoffii after 24 h of incubation compared to the other bacteria over the same period.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Assessing ureolytic bacteria with calcifying abilities isolated from limestone caves for biocalcification

Omoregie AI, Ong DEL, Nissom PM

Lett Appl Microbiol, 2019 Feb;68(2):173-181.
PMID: 30537001 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13103

Biocalcification through the use of ureolytic bacteria and biochemical activities has evolved in recent decades into a fervent resourceful effective technology suitable for soil stabilization, crack repair and bioremediation. Extensive studies have been carried out on numerous ureolytic bacterial species isolated from soils and sewage samples. However, very limited attention has been given to limestone caves with natural calcite formations as a possible source for isolation of ureolytic bacteria. In this study, bacterial isolates were recovered from limestone cave samples to determine their suitability for biocalcification. Twenty-seven morphologically distinct bacterial isolates were identified by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and their various genetic diversity was characterized according to their phylogenetic affiliations. Based on the molecular identification, Sporosarcina was the most abundant genus among all the ureolytic isolates, while the rest belonged to Pseudogracilibacillus and Bacillus genera. Analytical analysis on urease measurement showed that urease activities for the isolates ranged from 1·130 to 21·513 mol urea hydrolysed per minute, with isolate NB33 achieving the highest value and TSB4 achieving the lowest value. The estimated CaCO3 precipitates for the isolates ranged from 4·04 to 17·26 mg ml-1 , with isolate NB30 achieving the highest value and TSB20 achieving the lowest value. The findings in this study demonstrated that the ureolytic bacteria from limestone caves are promising bio-calcifying agents. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Ureolytic bacteria continues to play an important role as microbial tools used in geotechnical engineering for soil biocalcification. Microbial strains with the ability to produce urease enzyme and induce calcium carbonate mineral are often isolated from soil, water and sludge samples. However, screening for these essential microbes from extreme regions such as caves are rarely investigated. In this study, native bacteria which were isolated from limestone cave samples are identified and characterized. The findings suggested that these ureolytic bacterial isolates have the potential to serve as suitable alternative microbial agents for soil strengthening and stabilization.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Morphological and compositional changes exhibited by rice husk when subjected to synergistic thermochemical treatments

Revathi Rajan, Yusmazura Zakaria, Shaharum Shamsuddin, Nik Fakhuruddin Nik Hassan

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(101):1-7.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Rice husk has portrayed great potential in becoming a sustainable biomass source in producing silica, cellulose and carbon materials, which garnered widespread interest among researchers. The objective of the current study is to determine the morphological and compositional changes in rice husk due to the synergistic effects of ther- mochemical treatment. Methods: Washed and dried rice husk was blended into a fine powder and then subjected to step-wise heat treatment and acid digestion to produce white ash. The intermittent products, as well as the original rice husk and the final ash product, were characterised using analytical instruments to document the morphologi- cal and chemical composition changes. Results: This report highlights the production of pure rice husk ash using a step-wise treatment using a combination of thermochemical treatment and carbonisation. The results showed that a partial breakdown of the lignocellulose components was achieved using directed thermal treatment at low tem- perature. The ionic impurities were leached out in subsequent heated acid treatment. Thereafter, the carbonaceous organic matter was completely converted to carbon during the carbonisation of the sample and the remaining carbon residue was removed during calcination. High purity ash contained agglomerated and nanostructured silica in the dimensions of 20 to 50 nm in the amorphous form. Conclusion: The step-wise treatment allowed systematic removal of each compound while maintaining the amorphous mineral phase of silica and avoiding carbon fixation. Under- standing the effect of each treatment offers insight to produce purer silica from rice husk.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Fulltext Evaluation of the proximate, fatty acid and mineral composition of representative green, brown and red seaweeds from the Persian Gulf of Iran as potential food and feed resources

Rohani-Ghadikolaei K, Abdulalian E, Ng WK

J Food Sci Technol, 2012 Dec;49(6):774-80.
PMID: 24293698 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-010-0220-0

The proximate, fatty acid and mineral composition were determined for green (Ulva lactuca and Enteromorpha intestinalis), brown (Sargassum ilicifolium and Colpomenia sinuosa) and red (Hypnea valentiae and Gracilaria corticata) seaweeds collected from the Persian Gulf of Iran. Results showed that the seaweeds were high in carbohydrate (31.8-59.1%, dry weight) and ash (12.4-29.9%) but low in lipid content (1.5-3.6%). The protein content of red or green seaweeds was significantly higher (p

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals
Development of granular sludge for textile wastewater treatment

Muda K, Aris A, Salim MR, Ibrahim Z, Yahya A, van Loosdrecht MC, et al.

Water Res, 2010 Aug;44(15):4341-50.
PMID: 20580402 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.023

Microbial granular sludge that is capable to treat textile wastewater in a single reactor under intermittent anaerobic and aerobic conditions was developed in this study. The granules were cultivated using mixed sewage and textile mill sludge in combination with anaerobic granules collected from an anaerobic sludge blanket reactor as seed. The granules were developed in a single sequential batch reactor (SBR) system under alternating anaerobic and aerobic condition fed with synthetic textile wastewater. The characteristics of the microbial granular sludge were monitored throughout the study period. During this period, the average size of the granules increased from 0.02 +/- 0.01 mm to 2.3 +/- 1.0 mm and the average settling velocity increased from 9.9 +/- 0.7 m h(-1) to 80 +/- 8 m h(-1). This resulted in an increased biomass concentration (from 2.9 +/- 0.8 g L(-1) to 7.3 +/- 0.9 g L(-1)) and mean cell residence time (from 1.4 days to 8.3 days). The strength of the granules, expressed as the integrity coefficient also improved. The sequential batch reactor system demonstrated good removal of COD and ammonia of 94% and 95%, respectively, at the end of the study. However, only 62% of color removal was observed. The findings of this study show that granular sludge could be developed in a single reactor with an intermittent anaerobic-aerobic reaction phase and is capable in treating the textile wastewater.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals/metabolism
Food Insecurity and Dietary Intake Among Elderly Population: A Systematic Review

Zarei M, Qorbani M, Djalalinia S, Sulaiman N, Subashini T, Appanah G, et al.

Int J Prev Med, 2021;12:8.
PMID: 34084305 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_61_19

Background: This review seeks to determine the relationship between food insecurity among elderly people over the past decades and nutrient deficiency, which is rather unclear. We aim to systematically review the relationship between food insecurity and dietary intake among elderly population.
Methods: In this systematic review, we systematically searched the international databases including PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus for scientifically related papers which have been published up until January 2018. For a more refined search, we used the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and Emtree. In terms of search protocol, no restrictions were placed on time and language. Two independent reviewers conducted the data refining processes. Validated form (PRISMA) was used to conduct quality assessment and data extraction.
Results: Eight cross sectional studies have been included in this review. Two of the studies were conducted in Asia and the remaining six studies were largely based in the United States and Canada. Food insecurity was associated with low levels of vitamin and mineral intakes such as vitamins E, A, B, and D and also zinc, calcium, magnesium, and iron. Most studies also reported insufficient energy, and micro and macronutrients intake among elderly people.
Conclusions: The findings of this review evidence a considerable amount of food insecurity and nutrient deficiency, including vitamins E, C, D, B 2, and B 12 and zinc, phosphorus, and calcium among elderly population. These findings could be used as reliable evidence by policy makers and future complementary analyses.

Matched MeSH terms: Minerals

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